PRIO Migration Research Update | December 2015
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POLICY AND PRACTICE
 How will Immigration Shape Norway?
Cindy Horst has been appointed as a member of a government expert commission tasked with examining the long-term consequences of high immigration to Norway and reccommending measures for stimulating integration of immigrants. The 10-member commission is led by Professor Grete Brochmann, who is also participating in several ongoing PRIO projects. Noway is affected not only by the current surge in asylum applications, but also by high levels of immigration throughout the years when many other European economies have been in crisis.
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POLICY AND PRACTICE
 Migration Research and the Refugee Crisis
PRIO's expertise has been called on regularly by the media and policy makers in the context of the ongoing refugee crisis. In November, Jørgen Carling and Maria Gabrielsen Jumbert both participated in a hearing on the geopolitics of the refugee crisis in the Norwegian Parliament. During the Parliament's Oral Question Time the next morning, several representatives made direct reference to the insights that emerged in the hearing. Our contributions to the media have included interviews with Al-Jazeera, the BBC, El Mundo, France24, and NewsMax, as well as with most of the national newspapers in Norway.
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POLICY AND PRACTICE
 New Research on Migrant Smuggling
Jørgen Carling is among 12 global experts of migrant smuggling that has been convened by the International Organisation of Migration (IOM) to spearhead new research. The group first met in Istanbul in December 2015 and is currently writing a global report about available research and data in order to identify gaps and research needs. The group will promote a balanced and evidence-based approach to migrant smuggling that respects migrants' needs for protect migrants as well as states' needs for migration management.
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NEW PROJECT
 Governing and Experiencing Citizenship
We have just started a new four-year project exploring how citizenship is governed and experienced, from state-level and bottom-up perspectives, Governing and Experiencing Citizenship in Multicultural Scandinavia (GOVCIT). The project is comparative, across the three Scandinavian countries, Norway, Denmark and Sweden, and will include survey data, semi-structured interviews, and analysis of policy documents and media texts. We are interested in exploring the interface of policy and different citizenship regimes, with experiences of belonging and sense of community. We will conduct interviews with people both with and without immigrant background. The project is funded by the Research Council of Norway and carried out in collaboration between PRIO, and the University of Oslo, the Institute for Social Research, Malmö University College, and Aarhus University. PRIO researchers Marta Bivand Erdal (project leader) and Tove Heggli Sagmo are working on the project.
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RESEARCH RESULTS
 Diaspora Development Engagements Seen through the Prism of Islamic Charity
We are concluding research on the project ‘Private Islamic Charity and Approaches to Poverty Reduction’ which has focused on Pakistan and Pakistani diasporas. The intersections of Islamic charity and diaspora development engagements have been one key research area, with a recently published policy brief presenting selected findings. The interplay of gender and religion, has been a second key research area. The policy brief ‘Other voices, other choices? Women, Islamic charity and development – case studies from Oslo and Lahore’ presents selected findings. The project’s final seminar took place at PRIO 1 December, chaired by project leader, PRIO Director, Kristian Berg Harpviken, with presentations by Kaja Borchgrevink and Marta Bivand Erdal, followed by comments from and discussion with stakeholders in the fields of religion, diaspora and development in Norway.
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RESEARCH RESULTS
 Possibilities and Realities of Return Migration
The project Possibilities and Realities of Return Migration (PREMIG) has reached its final stages and summarized key findings. The project examined not only actual experiences of return migration, but also how the scenario of a future return affects migrants' lives. We have published a synthesizing report that draws upon more than fifty scientific publications. At PRIO, the research has been carried out by Jørgen Carling (project leader), Marta Bivand Erdal, Rojan Tordhol Ezzati, Erlend Paasche, Cathrine Talleraas and Tove Heggli Sagmo.
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RESEARCH RESULTS
 Beyond Networks: Feedback in International Migration
Insights from the project Theorizing the Evolution of European Migration Systems (THEMIS) are presented in the book Beyond Networks: Feedback in International Migration. This volume of 11 chapters identifies various feedback mechanisms that initiate, perpetuate and reverse migration movements. It pays attention to the role of personal networks, but it also moves beyond networks by analysing the role of institutions, macro-level factors and forms of broadcast feedback operating through impersonal channels. THEMIS was carried out by a consortium of four institutions, led by the University of Oxford. PRIO's research within the project was led by Cindy Horst, who is also a co-editor of the book. (See Recent Publications below for details about the chapters that PRIO researchers have contributed to).
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DATA RELEASE
 Surveys on Migration Aspirations and Migration Dynamics
Data from two of our recently competed projects have been released for public use. The surveys of the project Imagining Europe from the Outside (EUMAGINE), led by the University of Antwerp address migration aspirations in Senegal, Morocco, Turkey and Ukraine (N=8000 in total). The surveys of the project Theorizing the Evolution of European Migration Systems (THEMIS), led by the University of Oxford, cover migration processes in twelve migration corridors, from Brazil, Morocco and Ukraine to the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal and the United Kingdom (N=4105 in total). Jørgen Carling played a central role in questionnaire and sampling design for the two projects.
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TRAINING
 Academic Publishing in Migration Studies
PRIO is an associated member of the training network Transnational Migration, Citizenship and the Circulation of Rights and Responsibilities (TRANSMIC), funded by the European Commission’s Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions. The network brings together 13 early-career researchers from across Europe. As part of the training programme, Jørgen Carling gave a two-day course on academic publishing in migration studies in Liège in December 2016, covering the publication process, the landscape of journals in migration studies, publication planning, crafting titles, and other issues.
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CALL FOR PAPERS
 The Interactions between Integration and Migrants’ Transnational Development Activities
How are migrants' development activities in countries of origin connected with integration processes in countries of destination? Are these connections beneficial for the migration-development nexus or to they marginalize the perspective of local communities in migrants' countries of origin? We invite papers on these and related questions for a double session at the 13th IMISCOE conference (International Migration, Integration and Social Cohesion in Europe), Prague 30 June – 2 July 2016. The proposed session is organized by Jørgen Carling, Marta Bivand Erdal and Ceri Oeppen. See the announcement on PRIO's web site for details. Deadline: 18 January 2016.
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CALL FOR PAPERS
 Lived Experiences of the Everyday Nation
We invite abstracts focusing on the implications of migration-related diversity for lived experiences of the everyday nation, and whether and in which ways negotiations of national identity take place in diverse contexts. Selected papers will be presented at a workshop 9-10 June 2016, at PRIO. Marco Antonsich (Loughborough University) and Kirsten Simonsen (Roskilde University) will give key note presentations as part of the workshop. Conveners are Marta Bivand Erdal and Mette Strømsø. The workshop is organized as part of the project Negotiating the nation: Implications of ethnic and religious diversity for national identity. See the announcement on PRIO's web site for details. Deadline: 20 January 2016.
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CALL FOR PAPERS
 Active Citizenship Today: Discourses, Conditions and Contestations
Who defines the requirements of active citizenship? How are practices and ideals of active citizenship challenged by cultural and religious diversity? Questions such as these will be addressed at the conference Active Citizenship Today: Discourses, Conditions and Contestations, which will take place at the UiT, The Arctic University of Norway (Tromsø), 1-2 June 2016. The conference is associated with the ACT project, led by PRIO. We welcome abstracts on theoretical as well as empirical papers related to the ideology and practice of active citizenship. See conference web page for details. Deadline: 1 February 2016.
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CALL FOR PAPERS
 Mobilizing Value across Time and Space
We invite abstracts for a proposed session at the RGS-IBG Annual Intrenational Conference (Royal Geographical Society with the Institute of British Geographers), London, 30 August - 2 September, 2016. The intersecting spatial and temporal dimensions of human lives have intrigued several generations of geographers. In this session, we seek to develop a particular extension of spatio-temporal perspectives on lived experiences, namely the mobilization of value in time and space among individuals, families and groups. How do people shift value between the here-and-now and other times and places? What priorities or pressures underlie such shifts? And how is the value itself transformed? The proposed session is organized by Jørgen Carling and Marta Bivand Erdal. See the announcement on PRIO's web site for details. Deadline: 3 February 2016.
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29 January 2016
 PhD Defence: Leaving to belong: migration, transnational connectedness and social becoming
María Hernández Carretero will defend her PhD in Sociology, entitled Leaving to belong: migration, transnational connectedness and social becoming. Her doctoral research was carried out at PRIO as part of the project Theorizing Risk, Money and Moralities in Migration (TRiMM) led by Jørgen Carling. The dissertation was submitted to the University of Oslo and has been examined by Hein de Haas, Bruno Riccio and Anniken Hagelund. (Details about the time and venue will be announced on the Department's web site.)
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Abdin, Zain Ul & Marta Bivand Erdal (2015) Remittance-sending among Pakistani taxi-drivers in Barcelona and Oslo: Implications of migration-trajectories and the protracted electricity crisis in Pakistan, Migration and Development. DOI: 10.1080/21632324.2015.10813.
Bell, Justyna & Marta Bivand Erdal (2015) Limited but enduring transnational ties? Transnational family life among Polish migrants in Norway, Polish Diaspora Review (Studia Migracyjne – Przegląd Polonijny) 157(3): 77–98.
Bolognani, Marta (2015) Unintended consequences of education for Pakistani immigrants and their descendants in the United Kingdom, PRIO Paper. Oslo: PRIO.
Carling, Jørgen (2015) Exploring 12 Migration Corridors: Rationale, Methodology and Overview, in Bakewell, Oliver; Godfried Engbersen; Lucinda Fonseca; & Cindy Horst, eds, Beyond Networks: Feedback In International Migration. Basingstoke: Palgrave (18–46).
Carling, Jørgen (2015) Making and Breaking a Chain: Migrants’ Decisions about Helping Others Migrate, in Bakewell, Oliver; Godfried Engbersen; Lucinda Fonseca; & Cindy Horst, eds, Beyond Networks: Feedback In International Migration. Basingstoke: Palgrave (156–182).
Carling, Jørgen; Anne T. Gallagher; & Christopher Horwood (2015) Beyond Definitions: Global migration and the smuggling–trafficking nexus, RMMS Discussion Paper, 2. Nairobi: Regional Mixed Migration Secretariat.
Carling, Jørgen; Marta Bolognani; Marta Bivand Erdal; Rojan Tordhol Ezzati; Ceri Oeppen; Erlend Paasche; Silje Vatne Pettersen; & Tove Heggli Sagmo (2015) Possibilities and Realities of Return MigrationOslo: Peace Research Institute Oslo (PRIO).
Engbersen, Godfried; Erik Snel & Cindy Horst (2015) Beyond networks: Insights on feedback and mechanisms of the middle range, in Beyond Networks: Feedback In International Migration. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan .
Erdal, Marta Bivand (2015) How Polish Migrants in Norway Consider Return Migration, PRIO Policy Brief, 12. Oslo: PRIO.
Erdal, Marta Bivand & Aleksandra Lewicki (2016) Polish migration within Europe: mobility, transnationalism and integration , Social Identities 22(1): 1–9.
Erdal, Marta Bivand & Aleksandra Lewicki (2016) Moving citizens: Citizenship practices among Polish migrants in Norway and the United Kingdom, Social Identities 22(1): 112–128.
Erdal, Marta Bivand (2015) Pakistan as a Return Migration Destination, PRIO Policy Brief, 13. Oslo: PRIO.
Horst, Cindy & Mulki Al-Sharmani (2016) Marginal actors? Diaspora Somalis negotiate their citizenship, in Ahponen, Pirkkoliisa; Päivi Harinen; & Ville-Samuli Haverinen, eds, Dislocations of Civic Cultural Borderlines. Methodological Nationalism, Transnational Reality and Cosmopolitan Dreams. Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing (107–122).
Horst, Cindy (2015) Somalia’s hope for the future? The return of young Diaspora Somalis, Horn of Africa Bulletin 27(5): 12–17.
Horst, Cindy; Sonia Pereira & Olivia Sheringham (2015) The impact of class on feedback mechanisms: Brazilian migration to Norway, Portugal and the United Kingdom, in Beyond Networks: Feedback In International Migration. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Horst, Cindy; Stephen Lubkemann & Robtel Pailey (2015) Diasporan Humanitarianism: the invisibility of a third humanitarian domain, in The New Humanitarians In International Practice. London: Routledge.
Sagmo, Tove Heggli (2015) The role of social capital in post-conflict business development: perspectives from returning migrants in Burundi, in Africa's Return Migrants: the New Developers?. London: Zed Books (109–129).
Sinatti, Giulia & Cindy Horst (2015) Migrants as agents of development: Diaspora engagement discourse and practice in Europe, Ethnicities 14(2).
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Somalia’s Hope for the Future? The Return of Young Diaspora Somalis
The Somali conflict has affected Somali citizens inside and outside the Somali region for over 25 years. While Somaliland and Puntland have enjoyed relative stability for more than two decades, conditions are much more fragile in south-central Somalia, and residents in many parts of the Somali region face considerable levels of insecurity still. In late… Read more »
Pakistan’s Crippling Energy Crisis and Increasing Remittances
Deadly heat exposes Pakistan’s power problems. This summer CNBC run a report titled Deadly heat exposes Pakistan’s power problems after more than a thousand people died during heatwaves during the first days of Ramadan. Insufficient preparedness for the heatwave is largely seen as the cause of deaths, yet the context of the protracted electricity… Read more »
Refugees are Also Migrants. And All Migrants Matter
The recent debate over word choice has taken turns that undermine humanitarian principles and cloud the view of how migration is unfolding. The Washington Post, the New York Times, the Guardian, the BBC, and others have examined the usage of ‘refugees’ versus ‘migrants’ over the past week. The general impression is that ‘migrants’ are being… Read more »
Return Migration: Pakistan as a Return Migration Destination
Return migration to Pakistan is diverse. It ranges from return mobilities of naturalized citizens and those born abroad to so-called ‘voluntary assisted returns’ and deportations of migrants without regular status. Pakistan receives returnees from the Middle East, as well as from Europe and North America, which reflects broader Pakistani migration patterns. This policy brief explores… Read more »
Return Migration: Polish Migrants to Norway
How do Polish Migrants in Norway Consider Return Migration? After Poland’s accession to the European Union in 2004 and the substantial emigration that followed, return migration was an expectation widely shared by observers in Poland and abroad. Return migration has been modest, however, even in the wake of the 2008-2009 financial crisis. Due to the… Read more »
Becoming One of Us: The Politics of Citizenship in France, Norway and the UK
Citizenship and naturalization legislation in France, Norway, and the UK has changed substantially more during the 2000s than in previous decades. In which areas of citizenship policy have changes occurred? And how do these changes relate to the trend of reinvigorating the citizenship institution to increase social cohesion? This blog post is an exerpt from… Read more »
Contestations over National Identity and Diversity: An analysis of French and British media debates in the autumn 2014
How and when is national identity and nationhood debated, and what does this reveal about the boundaries of national identity? Drawing on analyses of opinion pieces from French and British newspapers, we examine how national identity is debated, contested and challenged in light of national and international news events during the autumn of 2014. This… Read more »
Most Muslims Celebrate Eid
Now that Ramadan, the Muslim month of fasting, is ending, most Muslims – in Oslo, as elsewhere in the world – celebrate the festival of Eid. It is a time for celebration. For many Muslims, it is also a time to help those less well-off than themselves, either through the annual “religious tax” zakat or… Read more »
Equality in North-South Research Collaboration
Research collaboration across Global South-North divides is an articulated aim in many academic institutions. In this blog we point to the value added, as well as some of the challenges of such collaboration, based on our experiences from collaborative research on migration and transnationalism in Pakistan and Norway. We are writing this blog post as… Read more »
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