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Iowa State University Extension
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Extension Crop Update
This newsletter, and previous issues from recent years, can be found on-line at:  
http://www.extension.iastate.edu/plymouth/info/cropupdate.htm
September 18, 2017
Volume 20, Issue #12
Prepared by
Joel DeJong,
Extension Field Agronomist
Click on photo for contact info
It’s Farm Safety Week! Harvest is rapidly approaching. We all know that agriculture is one of the most dangerous industries. While you wait to begin harvest, take a little time to be certain all the safety features for your equipment are working – visible SMV signs, working lights, protective equipment in place, etc. Perhaps even go to the National Farm Safety and Health Week website and review materials that are posted on that page. There is a good article on there about watching for equipment on the roads that I found useful. The article noted that the most common accident occurs when a slow-moving farm vehicle turns left. It also offers several hints, and here are a few of their hints for farmers:
* Take extra precautions when driving in the early morning or early evening hours, when visibility is often impaired by sun.
* If traffic lines up behind you, pull off or let traffic pass when it is safe to do so.
*Turn your headlights on, but turn off rear spotlights, which can be mistaken for headlights.
*Avoid the roads during rush hour, in bad weather and at night.
* Use pilot cars if going a considerable distance, and hang a flag out the window of these vehicles or use a slow-moving vehicle emblem.

Fire risk during harvest is always a concern, too. Review this blog post from ISU's Mark Hanna and Clarke McGrath before you hit the field.
Combine settings for variable yields? ISU Ag Engineer Mark Hanna wrote a short article on this topic in a recent ISU ICM Newsletter. Here is part of the important information he shared: “Proper adjustment can only be accomplished by taking time to measure and observe grain loss and quality. Combine grain losses can be held to one bushel per acre or less if the crop is standing reasonably well. One bushel loss equals two corn kernels or four soybeans per square foot on the ground.” Also, Mark said “Losses occurring at the head can be separated from losses of the entire combine by stopping the combine and backing up several feet to look for losses on the ground traversed by the head, but not the rear of the combine. How to measure losses can be found in PM 574 Profitable Corn Harvesting and PM 573 Profitable Soybean Harvesting. Field studies show 90% of soybean loss and 60% of corn loss typically occur at the head with proper threshing and separating adjustments.” Poor adjustments can be expensive! Take time to do it right.

Fall is Soil Testing Time – After harvest is complete, many of you will get soil tests done on your fields. You cannot make a good soil fertility decision without data, and soil testing gives you a lot more information for making decisions on soil fertility. ISU Extension has a publication titled “A General Guide for Crop Nutrient and Limestone Recommendations for Iowa” that summarizes on-going research in Iowa on crop responses to fertilizer additions under different soil test levels. You can download it here. Note that some changes were made in the recommendations in 2013, based on research results. It’s good information to consider when determining how much you are going to apply for 2018.

Corn Stalk Rot and Harvest - As cornfields approach maturity they should be scouted for stalk rot. If a field has about 15% stalk rot or more, the risk of significant lodging is high enough to justify harvesting the field on the early side. Scouting should be done at initial R6 (black layer) stage. Test stalk firmness by pinching the lower internodes with thumb and forefinger. Healthy stalks are firm and cannot be compressed. If a stalk can be compressed or feels soft, it is rotted and is a good candidate for lodging. Randomly check about 100 plants per field.

Stored Grain Resources:
•    Grain Drying, Handling and Storage Handbook ($74). A great reference updated in 2017.
•    Natural Air Corn Drying in the Upper Midwest, from the U of M.
•    Low Temperature Drying Systems in Iowa – free download.
•    Managing high temperature grain dryers for energy efficiency.
•    Improving corn drying efficiency.
•    The ISU Ag Decision Maker has free online information on grain drying, storage, shrink, costs, and more.
•    The FANS online program from the University of Minnesota helps figure out best fan performance settings for your storage and drying conditions.
•    Finally, the Iowa Grain Quality Initiative provides several free grain storage training modules, including Grain drying economics, Grain storage economics, Dryeration, Aeration, Fan performance, Mycotoxin development and Best practices in handling.
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and Woodbury Counties.
My mailing address is:
Iowa State University Extension & Outreach
251 12th ST SE
Le Mars, IA 51031

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