Nexus Definitions
Physical Nexus: The prior 'standard' of establishing if a business has a physical office, warehouse or sales force in a state to determine if the seller has the responsibility to collect tax in that state.
Economic Nexus: Generally correlates with a set level of sales or gross receipts activity within the state. No physical presence is required.
Marketplace Nexus: If an online marketplace operates its business in a state and provides e-commerce infrastructure as well as customer service, payment processing services and marketing, the marketplace facilitator is required to register and collect tax as the retailer rather than the individual sellers. This could also impose reporting requirements on the marketplace facilitator.
Click-Through Nexus: If a retailer or service provider contracts with an individual or company located in-state who directly or indirectly refers potential customers to the retailer through a web link for a commission/other consideration upon sale, the retailer is considered to maintain a place of business in that state. Thresholds apply and vary by state. Pay-per-click, banner and other advertising do not qualify if payment is not contingent upon a sale.
Affiliate Nexus: If an affiliated person of the retailer with a physical presence, or employees or agents in state, has sufficient nexus in state to require the retailer to collect and remit sales and use taxes on taxable retail sales of tangible personal property or services. Some states have expanded these provisions to include activities by unrelated parties performed on the seller’s behalf.
Reporting Requirements: Retailer must notify buyers that they must pay and report state use tax on their purchases. Retailer may be required to send purchasers an annual statement of all of their purchases from the retailer.
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