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CHUMASH
Parshas Shelach - Rishon with Rashi
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Today in Chumash, we start learning the story of the Meraglim, the spies.
We learned last week that the Yidden came to a new place, called Rismah. There, Moshe Rabbeinu told the Yidden to get ready — soon they would be able to go to Eretz Yisroel! Most of the Shevatim (except Shevet Levi) asked Moshe to first send spies to go look at Eretz Yisroel. Moshe asked Hashem if he should send them.
Hashem told Moshe that he could send (“Shelach”) Meraglim, but that they might lose their chance to get Eretz Yisroel since they already don’t trust Hashem and might say not good things.
Moshe sent one important person from each Shevet. Here are their names:
Reuven: Shamua ben Zakur
Shimon: Shafat ben Chori
Yehudah: Kalev ben Yefuneh
Yissachar: Yigal ben Yosef
Efrayim: Hoshea bin Nun
Benyamin: Palti ben Rafu
Zevulun: Gadiel ben Sodi
Menasheh: Gadi ben Susi
Dan: Amiel ben Gemali
Asher: Sesur ben Michael
Naftali: Nachbi ben Vofsi
Gad: Geuel ben Machi
Moshe changed Hoshea’s name to Yehoshua, meaning that Hashem should save him from the plans of the spies.
Moshe Rabbeinu told the Meraglim to go figure out the easiest way to capture Eretz Yisroel. They should also bring back fruits so everyone can SEE that Eretz Yisroel was as special as Hashem had said it was!
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Today’s Tehillim is kapitelach Kuf-Vov and Kuf-Zayin.
In today’s Tehillim, we thank Hashem for miracles. Kapitel Kuf-Zayin talks about how we thank Hashem for the four very dangerous things that a person is saved from:
- coming out of prison
- getting better from being very sick
- crossing an ocean
- crossing a desert
The Rebbe explains that these four things also mean four very hard things that can happen to a person, but Hashem saves us from them!
One of the things we thank Hashem for is coming out of prison:
A prison is a place that locks up a person and doesn’t let him act like he wants. When the Yetzer Hara is strong, chas veshalom, it doesn’t let the Yetzer Tov act like it wants — even if it REALLY wants to! When a Yid is in “prison” from his Yetzer Hara, he has to do whatever he can and trust that Hashem will make a neis and help him to come out.
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TANYA
Shaar Hayichud Veha'emunah Perek Zayin
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Yesterday we learned about Yichuda Tata’ah, that the chayus of Hashem which is higher than time and place has a Yichud (is one) with the chayus of Hashem which is here in the world that is made of time and place.
Yichuda Tata’ah teaches us that Hashem is ONE. This helps us understand that Hashem never changes, even after the world was created.
The world is not something separate from Hashem. Hashem is always the same. Even though before there was no world, and now there is, Hashem is exactly the same as He was before!
For us, if we didn’t know something before and we learned it later, we learned something new! By Hashem, the world being created and Hashem knowing all of the creations is not something NEW, and it doesn’t change Him at all.
We can’t understand this — there is no mashal for it. But we CAN know that it’s NOT the way it is by us!
This is what we say in davening — “Ata Hu Ad Shelo Nivra HaOlam, Ata Hu MisheNivra HaOlam” — Hashem is the SAME before the world was made, AND now that there is a world.
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In today’s Hayom Yom, we learn our minhag for when a man or a boy says Shema.
In Ahavas Olam, the paragraph before Shema, at the words “Vehavienu Leshalom” (Hashem will bring us together from the four corners of the world), a man or a boy holds all of his tzitzis:
1) First he holds the front two tzitzis together
2) Then he takes the back left tzitzis too
3) Then he takes the back tzitzis from the right side.
He holds all of the tzitzis together using two fingers from his left hand.
There are six times to kiss the tzitzis in the third paragraph of Shema and Emes Veyatziv: When he says the words “Tzitzis” (there are three times), at the word “Emes,” the word, “Kayemes,” and “Lo’ad.”
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Today we learn 4 mitzvos in Sefer Hamitzvos:
1) (Mitzvas Lo Saasei #282) Usually we listen to whatever MOST of the judges say, but for a Beis Din to punish a person who might be chayav misa, there is a special mitzvah: The number of judges who say that the person is chayav misa have to be at least two more than the amount of judges who say that he isn’t. Unless there are two judges more who say that this person is chayav misa, it is an aveira to punish the person in this way.
We learn this mitzvah from a posuk in Parshas Mishpatim: לֹא תִהְיֶה אַחֲרֵי רַבִּים לְרָעֹת
The details are explained in Perek Daled of Mesechta Sanhedrin.
2) (Mitzvas Lo Saasei #283) This mitzvah is in a case where the Beis Din is deciding if someone is chayav misa or not (Dinei Nefashos): Every judge has to pasken the way he understands things himself, not just agree with other judges. He can’t rely on what another judge says, even if he respects his opinion, or if most of the other judges are saying the same thing. He needs to pasken based on his own understanding.
We learn this from the same posuk in Parshas Mishpatim: וְלֹא תַעֲנֶה עַל רִב לִנְטֹת
The Rambam also tells us other things that the Chachomim learn from this posuk:
1) A judge who paskened that the person was innocent can’t change his mind and say that he is guilty.
2) The first judge to say his opinion should be a judge who thinks that the person is not chayav misa.
3) The Beis Din can’t go back and change the psak if they paskened that the person was not guilty.
4) The first judge to share his opinion should not be the greatest judge.
The details of this mitzvah are also explained in Perek Daled of Mesechta Sanhedrin.
3) (Mitzvas Asei #229) Beis Din needs to keep the halachos of Sekilah (one of the ways a Beis Din punishes). The Rambam tells us in the specific aveiros when they are punished with Sekilah.
We learn this from another posuk in Parshas Mishpatim: וּסְקַלְתֶּם אֹתָם בָּאֲבָנִים וָמֵתוּ
The details are explained in Perek Vov of Mesechta Sanhedrin.
4) (Mitzvas Asei #228) Beis Din needs to keep the halachos of Sereifah (another one of the ways a Beis Din punishes). The Rambam tells us in the specific aveiros when they are punished with Sereifah.
We learn this from a posuk in Parshas Kedoshim: בָּאֵשׁ יִשְׂרְפוּ אֹתוֹ וְאֶתְהֶן
The details are explained in Perek Zayin of Mesechta Sanhedrin.
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In today’s Rambam, we learn more about how the Sanhedrin works.
In Perek Daled, we learn about a special kind of Semicha. This Semicha is the way to pass down a special koach of Hashem to judge as part of the Sanhedrin. This koach was passed down from one judge to another, and goes all the way back to Moshe Rabbeinu!
Unfortunately, for certain reasons we don’t have this kind of Semicha nowadays — it was not passed down all the way to our times.
Perek Hey: In this perek we learn what each type of Beis Din is able to pasken on. For example, setting up a king can only be done by a big Sanhedrin of 71 judges, and a case where someone might be chayav misa can only be done by a Beis Din of at least 23 — a small Beis Din of 3 is not allowed to pasken in such a case.
In Perek Vov, we learn what happens if the Beis Din made a mistake. We also learn that if someone is afraid a Beis Din might make a mistake, he can sometimes choose to go to a bigger one.
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Today we start to learn halachos about how we act if someone passes away. This is called Aveilus, mourning.
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We can have hiskashrus to the Rebbe by learning the Rebbe’s Torah!
The Rebbe Rashab said, “Ich Gei in Himmel, Un Di Kesovim Loz Ich Aich.” “I am going to Shomayim, and I’m leaving the writings of Chassidus with you.” The Rebbe Rashab said this before he passed away, telling the Chassidim that they shouldn’t be too sad, because they will still have his Chassidus.
The Rebbe explains that this DOESN’T mean that the Rebbe’s Torah is here and the Rebbe is somewhere else, instead it means that the Rebbe’s chayus and neshama are IN the Chassidus!
When we learn the Rebbe’s Torah, we are connecting with the Rebbe and getting koach from it to live the way the Rebbe teaches us. And then the Rebbe lives inside of us!
See Liktuei Sichos chelek Lamed-Beis, p. 23–24
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There was no farbrengen planned for Shabbos Parshas Behaalosecha in Tof-Shin-Chof-Daled. But in his yechidus on Thursday night, the well-known chossid R’ Zalmon Jaffe asked the Rebbe to please make a farbrengen, since a group of Chassidim from Manchester, England were in New York for Shavuos, and would be going home after Shabbos.
It was also a special week for R’ Zalmon Jaffe — he had just become a zaidy for the first time, and the bris would be the next week!
Even though the Rebbe did not promise to make a farbrengen, there was a farbrengen after all! In the second half of farbrengen, the Rebbe spoke about a Bris Milah and about the guests returning home. The first half of the farbrengen was all about Tefillah!
Here is one of the things the Rebbe spoke about then:
At the end of Shemoneh Esrei, we say a paragraph that starts with the words “Elokai, Netzor.” In this paragraph, we ask Hashem for kochos for our day. One of the things we ask for is, “P’sach Libi Besorasecha!” “Open up my heart in Your Torah!”
Why do we say P’sach LIBI, asking Hashem to open our HEART? Shouldn’t we ask Hashem to open our MIND to learn and understand Torah?
The Rebbe explains the difference between Torah learned with our heart, and Torah learned just with our mind.
The Torah has a tremendous koach to change ourselves and change the world around us! For it to do that, we need to learn Torah with our heart, so that koach can shine.
When we daven, Avodah Shebelev, we get our HEART ready to learn Torah! We feel bittul to Hashem, and remember that the Torah is HASHEM’s Torah! This way, the Torah we learn will shine and change the world!
See Farbrengen Parshas Behaalosecha 5724, (story behind the farbrengen, by R’ Zalmon Jaffe)
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Part of Chinuch for children nowadays is giving tzedakah.
We usually teach kids to give tzedakah by giving them nickels or pennies to put in the pushka or hand to a poor person. But that shouldn’t be all!
We should make sure to give kids money to spend themselves, too. That way, we can teach them to give tzedakah from their own money!
See Sefer Hasichos 5752 vol. 2, p. 391
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לעילוי נשמת הרה״ח ר׳ דניאל יצחק ע״ה בן ר׳ אפרים שי׳ מאסקאוויץ
שליח כ"ק אדמו"ר נשיא דורנו למדינת אילינוי
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The Navi Yeshaya says a beautiful nevuah about the end of Golus and the time of the Geulah. He speaks to Yerushalayim and says that soon it will again have happy times, and Hashem will rest again in His holy city!
קוּמִי אוֹרִי כִּי בָא אוֹרֵךְ וּכְבוֹד ה׳ עָלַיִךְ זָרָח
Kumi Ori — Yerushalayim, get up and shine!
Ki Va Orech — Because your light (times of goodness and happiness) has come to you!
Uchevod Hashem Alayich Zarach — Hashem’s Shechinah will again shine on you!
See Yeshaya perek Samach posuk Alef
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לע"נ התינוק זאב ארי' ע"ה בן יבלט"א הרה"ח ר' שניאור זלמן שי' גליק
נפטר ב' מנחם אב ה'תשע"ג
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