EBLIDA Newsletter September 2019

The EBLIDA Newsletter is published monthly on European library & information society issues, programmes, news and events of interest to the library, archive and cultural heritage community.

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Issue No. 9. September 2019

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The President’s Editorial

Dear colleagues,
Dear friends,

Holidays are over and I hope they have been restful and pleasant for all readers of the EBLIDA Newsletter.

We resume the Newsletter with an issue that is entirely dedicated to the European 2030 Agenda for Sustainable development.

In the last issue Ambassador Stefano Stefanile, Deputy Permanent Representative of Italy to the United Nations, provided an inside overview of the UN Agenda for Sustainable Development.

He put emphasis on the novelty of the UN philosophy which is not exclusively linked with the development of less favoured regions. He also stressed how the social, economic and environmental dimensions are fully integrated in the UN programme (and in its European equivalent, the European 2030 Agenda on Sustainable Development).

Sustainability is no longer an issue to be dealt with in small circles or specialized departments. The catastrophic results of climate change are visible anywhere in the world. The concept of sustainability is slowly, but firmly penetrating all social and economic arenas. Under the pressure of NGOs, economic actors, in particular if multinational, are discovering the importance of preparing Sustainability Plans that are often followed by publicly available Sustainability Reports. Central banks, the financial sector and regulatory authorities are re-directing investments towards green objectives or low carbon assets. Ms Ursula von der Leyen, the new President of the European Commission, has put the environment first in her plans for the next five years and committed herself to promote a European Green Deal, a carbon border tax and a zero-pollution future.

Ecological concerns and social emergency are not the only drives behind the UN Sustainable Development Goals. SDG 16, for instance, is focused on Peace, Justice and strong Institutions. And the notions of democratic developments, equal access to information and social inclusion are at the heart of each of the seventeen SDGs. Libraries are per excellence sustainable agencies. All what they do - education, culture, inclusion, integration – is pivotal for the development of a sustainable society.
Despite this, libraries’ administrative culture on sustainability is quite faulty. There are certainly libraries preparing Sustainable Reports or Sustainability sections within their Annual reports, but this is not (yet) a widespread practice. Libraries’ participation to sustainability projects is a story to tell, but not (yet) a policy to pursue, an overall scheme to implement, or a statistical report impacting on sustainability indicators.

Nowadays, many libraries are getting involved in sustainability plans. A sustainable library, however, is not only a library using an energy-saving heating system. It is a library which is embarked upon a vision where the needs of future generations are not compromised by the needs and the lifestyle of the current generation. It is a library promoting a future where the disruption of human values is not an option. It is also a library which is re-orienting its objectives, enlarging its scope and convincingly implementing its social mission alongside a sustainability vision.

And here is the role EBLIDA may play. The EU 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development is slightly different from that of the UN. Goals are the same, but they are adapted to the relative wealth of the European continent. This is quite self-explanatory: No poverty (SDG 1), for instance, is not the same if poverty is fought in Berlin or in Dakar. Nations are trying to attain each of the Goals differently because there are large differences, both in terms of GDP and in sustainability priorities, among countries. Moreover, in Europe, a large panoply of instruments may well serve all actors working for sustainability, and libraries among them.

Within the framework of the newly approved 2019-2022 Strategic Plan, EBLIDA may work out the instruments that libraries could use to implement sustainability plans. It could reinforce an administrative culture through the diffusion of appropriate tools and well-constructed policies.

In this issue two articles are focused to the importance of SDGs for library development and the specificity of a European approach to SDGs.

We examine then SDGs 1 and 2 in a EU context as well as the EU programmes and indicators which may re-orient library action and its impact on the surrounding library environment. In the upcoming issues of the EBLIDA Newsletter, we will repeat the exercise focusing on other SDGs, one after the other.

In the near future, EBLIDA will create pages on its website focused on a selection of EU programmes designed to implement the European 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. We have earmarked only the EU programmes which may be relevant for libraries. Additional pages will be dedicated to library policies, SDG Indicators in Europe and their possible equivalent in library statistics.

2030 is not a longtime ahead of us. But libraries will not be on the backseat in their contribution to reverse the current catastrophic trend we are living and to work for a better future – a future which is carved into the human values that libraries express.

Yours sincerely,

Ton van Vlimmeren
EBLIDA President

Why Sustainable Development Goals are important for libraries and libraries are important for the European 2030 Agenda on Sustainable Development

As cultural and educational players, libraries are part of a broader political and societal framework. In the 19^th century, literacy competences were linked to the progress of the concept of nation. While public libraries were promoting literacy within the communities they referred to, academic libraries were engaged in forming the political and economic élites of the nation.

After the 2^nd World War, in a post-totalitarian era, public libraries were identified as agents of democratic change. A high-level of literacy would mark the watershed between the free and developed world on the one hand, and less favoured regions on the planet, on the other. The post-war democratic library is well described by the first UNESCO Public Library Manifesto (1949): “The public library is the product of modern democracy and is a practical demonstration of democracy's faith in universal education as a life-long process.”

In early 1970’s, this idealistic notion left the floor to a more “utilitarian” attitude. Libraries’ agendas shifted from community ideals to shared practices. Technical applications and technologies earned a prominent role: standards and metadata were normally considered first priorities on libraries’ agenda. The literacy missioners of yesterday became the information managers of today, and a neutral approach to information was developed, where idealistic concerns were considered an acquis, and no longer goals to attain.

At the turn of the third Millennium, information service providers broke the monopoly libraries had enjoyed for years by providing free access to information. In the current economy of attention, many services – like Google services – are accessible free of charge and are at the users’ fingertip. Filling gaps in reading literacy and access to information are working frameworks that are still valid in a library context. New political and social factors, however, are driving library development. Social change, social inclusion and democratic participation are notions that correspond to complex societies characterized by cultural diversity and social integration. Currently, new metaphors – libraries as “conversation” (David Lankes) or libraries as “movements” (Maria Østergaard) – are describing the new role of libraries.
A new political framework is therefore needed – and this framework can be clearly identified in the UN Sustainable Development Goals and, in Europe, the EU 2030 Agenda on Sustainable Development.

In the July-August issue of the EBLIDA Newsletter, Ambassador Stefanile clearly reported that the UN SDGs approved at the United Nations Sustainable Development Summit 2015 departed from the traditional rich-poor dichotomy where “donor” states support developing countries. Within the UN SDG framework, all countries have equal level and dignity, no matter their level of development and their ability to attain SDGs. SDGs hinge on a new philosophy, where diverse areas of development can be accommodated and treated in a coherent way and there is no distinction between advanced and developing countries.

There are at least two advantages in linking library action to the Sustainability Agenda developed by the United Nations and, in Europe, by the EU 2030 Agenda.

The first is political. Libraries’ cultural and educational objectives are not developed in an abstract manner, but they are closely linked to the sustainability orientations pursued by the communities they intend to serve. The concept of “social” library can thrive and develop in this broader political architecture and the specific policies assigned to each Goal.

The second advantage is economic. The measurement of library performances is normally focused on the intensity of use of library resources. A more powerful evaluation system should be able to demonstrate how useful libraries are for the society. Libraries are much more than the content they store in their precincts and on their servers. In a more qualitative way, their normal duty is also to develop activities targeted at the public as a whole. This mission is expressed in a multitude of workshops, courses and other events created by third sector organisations working with migrants, minorities, socially excluded citizens or people having special needs.

A new battery of indicators is therefore needed, where libraries can demonstrate how good they are for the society as a whole. These indicators are much more effective if they are connected, in a way or another, to the Well-Being Index elaborated by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, or the indicators set up within the SDG programme.

This issue of the EBLIDA Newletter will examine SDG 1 (“No poverty”) and 2 (“Zero Hunger”). The forthcoming issues will provide an overview of the other fifteen Sustainable Development Goals. Both aspects – the political and the economic – are analyzed from a library perspective and based on the EU 2030 Agenda on Sustainable Development. We hope that this analysis will enrich the discourse about libraries in today’s world and reinforce library action into a broader European and national sustainability framework.

Why is a European approach to Sustainable Development necessary?

In September 2015, the UN General Assembly approved the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development including 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The Agenda, adopted by all Member States of the United Nations, provides a roadmap for UN countries towards sustainable prosperity, social inclusion and equality while at the same time preserving our planet and leaving no one behind.

All countries share the responsibility to contribute, within the limits of their capacity, to the attainment of UN SDGs. All of them embark upon specific ways of implementing goals and targets. The UN suggested to Member States to draft Voluntary National Reviews in order to take stock of and assess the progress – and shortcomings - of their implementation.

The approval of the UN 2030 Agenda in 2015 did not find the European Union unprepared. A European Union Strategy for Sustainable Development had been running since 2001. In the face of the new, ambitious UN programme, the EU presented its response in November 2016 and initiated a sustainable development package, which reflects the priorities set up by Member Countries. A multi-stakeholder platform, including high-level experts and policy-makers in sustainability issues across all EU countries, was set up in 2017 to support and advise the European Commission on the implementation of the SDGs at EU level.

There are several reasons why the EU approach can be considered different from the one set up at UN level.

First of all, the goals are interpreted according to the EU context. For example, Goal n. 1, “No Poverty” is considered to be a multidimensional phenomenon. EU Programmes and projects within Goal n. 1 normally envisage breaking the poverty chain, according to which children born into poverty bear a higher risk of poverty in adult life than those not born into poverty. Goal No. 2: “Zero Hunger” in Europe focusses more on food wastage and food security than on food shortage. Unlike many disadvantaged regions of the world, which face hunger, the EU’s central nutritional challenge is obesity; therefore, the European Commission has given priority to the fight against obesity and encouraging organic farming.

Second, sustainability indicators in the European Union reflect the priority changes described in EU National Voluntary Reports. Eurostat has set up its own series of indicators. In most cases they mirror those present in the UN SDG scheme. In several cases, however, EU indicators depart from them and evaluate sub-targets which are EU country specific. For instance, the main Eurostat indicator assessing the implementation of Goal n. 2 is the percentage of obesity in population – an indicator which is not present among the 13 UN indicators used to measure the attainment of Goal n. 2 at international level.

Third, EU programmes and projcts have been subjected to a re-think and re-adapting in order to comply with UN SDGs. The European Commission has made extensive efforts to introduce sustainability elements into EU activities integrating the SDG targets. A large amount of funding opportunities are therefore available to European stakeholders involved in the implementation of SDGs, provided that they take into account EU specific policies and the objectives set up by EU programmes.

European libraries, too, can apply to EU schemes in order to consolidate and boost their activities in favour of sustainable development. They have to keep in mind, however, that there is a specific European approach that differs from that of the UN in terms of SDG interpretation, assessment and funding criteria.

European libraries may be tempted to place more emphasis on several goals and discard others that don’t align with presumed European priorities. Goal n. 2, for instance, may be felt “inappropriate” to a European library framework since there are few cases of malnourishment, food insecurity, malnutrition and stunting in Europe or, if they exist, they are concentrated in a relatively small number of areas. This lack of a European perspective is misleading. SDGs in Europe are more often about changes in lifestyle and individual habits. Therefore, the fight against obesity can also become a priority for European libraries which could, in association with the third-party sectors (NGOs, associations and charitable organisations), initiate awareness activities and training events aiming to weaken the presence of bad nutritional habits among library users.

EBLIDA, the European Bureau of Library, Documentation and Information Associations, has the responsibility of carrying out a European approach to Sustainable Development. IFLA, the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions, has meritoriously advocated for the inclusion of access to information in the framework of the UN Agenda 2030 for Sustainable Development. It is now time to go beyond the international approach and take into consideration regional / national ways of sustaining development. EBLIDA has the task to increase awareness about the European way to Sustainable Development, to support European libraries in the attainment of UN SDGs, to compare library indicators and EU sustainability indicators and, finally, to help libraries utilise and align their objectives with EU programmes designed to implement SDGs in Europe. UN countries send SDG National Voluntary Reports on a regular basis; they are library references at national level.

An EBLIDA Matrix, describing EU policies for Sustainable development (UN Goal after Goal), will soon be released on the EBLIDA website together with the Eurostat indicators designed to assess sustainability.

EBLIDA is also setting up a Working Group on European Libraries and Sustainability Assessment including eminent experts in qualitative assessment of libraries, the ambition being to show the impact of libraries on society through statistical indicators.

European libraries can rattle off figures and statistics concerning the annual number of library visitors and transactions – this is certainly useful to show the volume of their business. However, the best way to advocate for libraries and to convince politicians and policy-makers of how relevant they are for the socio-cultural and economic development of a country or a region, is to show the extent of the impact of libraries on sustainability, well-being, and GDP Indexes - at European, national and/or local level.

Focus on SDG 1: End poverty in all its forms everywhere

SDG 1 – No Poverty – is a traditional undertaking of the United Nations activities. With the Title “Eradicate extreme poverty and Hunger”, this Goal was also present in the Millennium Development Goals, the predecessor of UN SDG. While MDGs’ objective was “to halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people whose income is less than $1.25 a day”, the current ambitious UN SDG objective is to “eradicate extreme poverty for all people everywhere, currently measured as people living on less than $1.25 a day”.

A realistic objective by 2030 is to reduce at least by half the proportion of men, women and children of all ages living in poverty in all its dimensions according to national definitions. This nuance is important because the “No Poverty” Goal cannot be measured everywhere according to international standards. In particular after the 2008 economic crisis, poverty in Europe is understood as a factor hampering social cohesion and economic growth.

Income poverty is certainly the most widespread form of poverty and affects single households, migrants and people with lower education as well as their children, who face high risks of poverty or social exclusion. But other forms of poverty concern inadequate housing conditions and people whose needs in medical care remain unmet. It is the reason why the implementation of appropriate social protection systems, the ability of having equal rights to economic resources, as well as access to basic services, ownership and control over land and other forms of property, inheritance, natural resources, appropriate new technology and financial services, including microfinance, are targets that build up, or increase the resilience of the poor. They also reduce their exposure and vulnerability to climate-related extreme events and other economic, social and environmental shocks and disasters.

All European indicators relevant for UN SDG 1 are published by Eurostat and have a high quality rate. These are: “The proportion of people at risk of poverty or social exclusion”, “The proportion of people at risk of income poverty after social transfers”, “The proportion of severely materially deprived people”, “The proportion of people living in households with very low work intensity”, “The proportion of people in work at-risk-of-poverty rate”, “The proportion of population living in a dwelling with a leaking roof, damp walls, floors or foundation or rot in window frames or floor.

Other indicators are not specific to SDG 1 but are also used in other contexts. They are called “multipurpose” indicators and are: “The proportion of people self-reporting unmet need for medical care”, “The proportion of population having neither a bath, nor a shower, nor indoor flushing toilet in their household”, “The proportion of population unable to keep home adequately warm” and the “Overcrowding rate”.

How can European libraries be relevant in the Europe 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development?

The main EU instruments designed to fight poverty at European Union level are the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and the Cohesion Fund (CF). Together with the European Social Fund (ESF), The European Agricultural Fund for Rural development and the European Maritime and Fisheries Fund, they make up the European Structural and Investment (ESI) Funds.

In particular, the EU Cohesion Policy (and its economic instrument, the Cohesion Fund) can be highly relevant for libraries willing to orient their activities towards fighting poverty. The EU Cohesion Policy mainly consists of supporting job creation, competitiveness, economic growth, improved quality of life and sustainable development. At least 4 Thematic Objectives are of relevance for libraries: Research and Innovation, Sustainable & Quality Employment, Social Inclusion, and Educational & Vocational Training. A new Cohesion policy (2021-2027) gives priority to the development and adjustment of regions whose development is lagging behind and regions struggling with structural difficulties. This means that 65% to 85% of the EU resources in these domains will be allocated to projects featured by innovation, digitisation, economic transformation, and projects in line with the objectives of the Paris Agreement, or to the use of digital networks supporting quality employment, education, skills, social inclusion and equal access to healthcare.

It is important to keep in mind that the Cohesion Fund is not managed by the EU Commission, but by national/regional agencies responsible for managing the programmes supported by the Cohesion Policy. Managing authorities at national and regional level provide information on the programme, select projects and monitor their implementation. The rationale is that coordinated policy interventions — such as effective redistribution, education, health, active labour market inclusion and access to integrated social services of high quality — can prevent the long-term loss of economic productivity from whole groups of society and encourage inclusive and sustainable growth.

Under the term of Cohesion Policy, we envisage normally “hard” investments: public transport connections, housing complying with ecological requirements or big reconversion programmes. This is true, but only to a certain extent. There is evidence that investments on new research infrastructure or sustainable tourism can help the development of poor areas much more than purely brick-and-mortar infrastructure. As public infrastructures mediating between communities and economic support, libraries may have a big role to play, provided that they are keen to interact with other realities and are fully convinced that a knowledge infrastructure located in sensitive areas is an important factor of social and economic development. It is also important that libraries acknowledge the importance of evaluating their projects in relation to the Eurostat indicators, both specific and multipurpose, that are linked with the implementation of SDG 1.

Focus on SDG 2: End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture

The shift from the UN traditional rich-poor, donor-recipients development philosophy to objectives of sustainability where all countries can contribute is even more apparent in SDG 2: Zero Hunger. Within the MDG framework, people targeted by the “hunger” action were undernourished, underweight people in the developing regions. It is not by chance that, within the Millennium Development, Eradicate poverty and Hunger were associated in a single Goal (Goal 1).

In the new UN SDG framework, the development of sustainable and productive agricultural systems ensuring a reliable supply of nutritious food, now and in the future, comes together with a reflection on the importance of developing appropriate nutritional policies. For a good number of European Union states, in fact, SDG 2 is more about food waste and food security than about food shortage. It is about achieving healthy diets and ensuring that agricultural systems remain productive and sustainable for future generations.

It is the reason why the Zero Hunger main Goal is equal access to land, but also equal access to other productive resources, to knowledge, financial services, markets and opportunities for value addition and also non-farm employment. In a global perspective, for instance, it is about people’s access to safe, nutritious and sufficient food all year round.

Increasing productivity and production should not go to the detriment of ecological concerns, namely the implementation of resilient agricultural practices that help maintain ecosystems and strengthen capacity for adaptation to climate change. The genetic diversity of seeds and farmed animals should work hand in hand with the objective of a fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the utilization of genetic resources and the maintenance of diversified seed and plant banks- at national, regional and international levels.

Unlike many areas of the world, the EU’s central nutritional problem is not hunger in the traditional meaning; it is obesity. Obesity can harm health and well-being and has adverse impacts on health and social systems, on governmental budgets and the growth of the European economy. It is not surprising that the Eurostat indicator having most relevance for the attainment of Goal n. 2 in Europe is the percentage reduction of the “Obesity rate”. Economic measurements of agricultural production are combined with indicators calculating nutritional benefits or air pollution. These are: “AWU, The agricultural factor income per annual work unit”, “Government support to agricultural research and development“, the percentage of “Area under organic farming”, “Gross nutrient balance on agricultural land” and the level of “Ammonia emissions from agriculture”. Other multipurpose indicators are: “Nitrate in groundwater”, “Estimated soil erosion by water”, the “European Bird Census Council”, and the “Harmonised risk indicator for pesticides”.

How can European libraries be relevant in the Europe 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development?

Framework programmes designed to enact food security for 500 million Europeans and provide stable, sustainably produced and high quality food at affordable prices in Europe are the Common Agricultural Policy and the Common Fisheries Policy. In addition, a good battery of EU programmes is set in place, as the following selected list will demonstrate.

“Better Training for Safer Food (BTSF)” is a Commission training initiative covering food and feed law, animal health, welfare and plant health rules, with a view to maintaining a high level of consumer protection and of animal health, animal welfare and plant health. The EU Strategy on Nutrition, Overweight, and Obesity-related issues has the objective to reduce the risks associated with poor nutrition and limited physical exercise.

EU programmes having a strict environmental concern are those supporting organic farming – the production of food using natural substances and processes – and the fight to rural poverty. Among these worth mentioning is the LIFE Climate Action, which supports projects intending to mitigate, adapt and ensure governance of the climate change in Europe. In the medium term, the significant changes to the European Social Fund 2021-2027 as well as the new Cohesion Policy will reinforce the social, environmental and nutritional concerns present in SDG 2 “Zero Hunger”.

There is a vast array of activities that libraries, or better, third-sector organisations working with libraries, may undertake in order to support SDG 2. Obesity is an anomalous state for which specialized medical care is needed. Most commonly, however, it is generated by erroneous eating practices and unhealthy life-style. If libraries are meeting places, they may support specialized medical departments where fighting obesity is a priority. Ordinary citizens may be reached in libraries for active prevention schemes and awareness campaigns. The measurement of the level of obesity rate in a certain area would also determine overtime the success of the activities that take place in libraries.

IFLA World Library and Information Conference
(Athens, 24-30 August 2019)

There is always something magic in IFLA Conferences. The reasons may lie in the number of participants and countries represented at the Conference (this year, respectively 3636 and 140), the à la carte choice among parallel sessions, the vibrant keynote speech – this year, Dr. Loukas Tsoukalis, President of the Hellenic Foundation for European and Foreign Policy, or the global atmosphere - faces and smiles from all continents - allied with the local touch of artistic Greek dances.

If libraries are meeting places in the society, IFLA conferences are per excellence meeting places for librarians. As newcomer EBLIDA Director entering now my second Semester, I had the opportunity of meeting old and new EBLIDA Members and delegates from Norway, Sweden, Finland, Germany, France, Italy, Portugal, Spain, Denmark, etc. The circle of EBLIDA friends is consolidating and enlarging.

Athens gave EBLIDA the opportunity of making progress on each of the Strands included in the EBLIDA Strategic Plan. Within the framework of the EU 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (the European equivalent of the UN Strategic Development Goals), EBLIDA is implementing activities related to legislation, policy-making and library’s socio-cultural educational impact. We had the opportunity of clarifying the European approach to Sustainable Development to many delegates and why libraries are important for the implementation of the European 2030 Agenda. Interestingly enough, the interpretation of SDGs in each country and each library is different. Therefore, it is compelling to set up qualitative indicators in libraries which take into account Europe-wide sustainable development indicators based on Eurostat.

The European 2030 Agenda on Sustainable Development is a general framework for Strand n. 2: “The legislative framework” of the 2019-2022 EBLIDA Strategic Plan. In many European countries a Library Act does exist; it is relatively easy to extract some of the articles - objectives, scope, activities, funding entities, etc. – and make them a standard pre-requirement for library legislation in all countries. More difficult is instead to explore non library-related legislation which is relevant for libraries. The “social” library – what French librarians designate “Libraries as Third place” – can only be framed into the wider scope of Sustainable Development.

Some 15 per cent of the Posters displayed at the IFLA Conference were focused on Sustainable Development and presented library activities on environment, climate change, job-seeking, women emancipation, poverty relief, and the like. Libraries complying with European policies can also use the funds available within European programmes. In order to be accountable to European institutions, however, they have to assess their performances on the basis of European indicators (Strands n. 3 and 4 of the 2019-2022 EBLIDA Strategic Plan).

At least three important events for IFLA as organization took place during the Athens Conference. IFLA welcomed the new President, Ms Christine Mackenzie and President-elect, Ms Barbara Lison (currently in the EBLIDA Executive Committee), and had words of appreciations for the outgoing President, Ms Glòria Pérez-Salmerón, who has been IFLA President from 2017 to 2019. A new Governing Board is beginning its term for two years. And finally, IFLA Secretary-General Mr Gerald Leitner, presented the IFLA Strategy which is axed on four Strategic Directions: 1. Strengthen the Global Voice of Libraries; 2. Inspire and Enhance Professional Practice; 3. Connect and Empower the Field; 4. Optimise IFLA as Organisation.

Events and Dates in September

September 9-12
Theory and Practice of Digital Libraries (TPDL 2019)
Place: Oslo, Norway
Organizer: Oslo Metropolitan University

September 10-13
Österreichischer Bibliothekartag 2019
Place: Graz, Austria
Organizer: Vereinigung Österreichischer Bibliothekarinnen und Bibliothekare (VÖB) und dem Büchereiverband Österreichs (BVÖ)

September 16-20
iPRES 2019
Place: Amsterdam, Netherlands
Organizer: Dutch Digital Heritage Network

September 19-20
VVBAD - Informatie aan Zee
Place: Oostende, Belgium
Organizer: VVBAD Vlaamse Vereniging voor Bibliotheek-, Archief- en Documentatiewezen (Flemish Association for Libraries, Archives and Documentation Centres)

September 24-26
9th UNESCO Conference Media and Information Literacy (MIL) 2019
Place: Göteborg, Sweden
Organizer: Council Region Västra Götaland & Swedish National Commission for UNESCO

September 26-27
The Marrakesh Treaty: Getting Started, International workshop
Place: Vilnius, Lithuania
Organizer: EIFL, Lithuanian Library for the Blind (LAB), IFLA Libraries Serving Persons with Print Disabilities Section (LPD), and the Faculty of Information, University of Toronto, Canada

September 26-29
Göteborg Book Fair
Place: Göteborg, Sweden
Organizer: Swedish Exhibition & Congress Centre Group

September 30 - October 3
50th Annual Conference of the International Association of Sound and Audiovisual Archives (IASA)
Place: Hilversum, The Netherlands
Organizer: Netherlands Institute for Sound and Vision

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