What syphilis research is happening at LSHTM?
Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum that has important medical and public health implications. Many low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries have observed significant increases in primary and secondary syphilis, especially among sexual minority men (SMM). In the UK, the number of syphilis cases has increased 125% between 2013 and 2018.
 
In collaboration with Dr. Mat Beale at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Dr. Marks and Professor Thomson investigated the genomic epidemiology of syphilis to find independent emergence of macrolide resistance across multiple circulating lineages. This is a unique study because it is the first to use whole-genome sequencing of syphilis to show that syphilis has evolved several different times, and the genotypically resistant and sensitive sub-lineages are spreading contemporaneously. The implication of this research is a deeper understanding of the current syphilis epidemic and a warning about the issues associated with antimicrobial resistance. The group are now expanding the work through a network of collaborators both in the UK and internationally. By expanding the study they hope to better understand syphilis transmission and ultimately contribute to effective strategies for controlling syphilis epidemics in high income settings and the World Health Organization’s global strategy to eliminate mother-to-child transmission of syphilis.
 
HIV self-testing has been a major area of research at LSHTM for a number of years. Researchers at LSHTM, in collaboration with partners in China have been exploring if similar approaches could help improve access to syphilis testing. A study published  by LSHTM Associate Professors Dr. Michael Marks and Dr. Joe Tucker found that syphilis self-testing may help expand syphilis testing among SMM in China by integrating syphilis self-testing into HIV self-testing services. They found that syphilis self-testing is feasible and associated with minimal harms.
As part of the same study, Jason Ong and the team showed that innovative approaches such as lottery incentives may further increase up-take of self-testing, especially amongst higher-risk individuals. 

Following on from this work, the team are now working in collaboration with Professor Rashida Ferrand and Dr. Katharina Kranzer to expand this approach to other LMIC settings. Funded by the MRC/DFID/NIHR/Wellcome Trust Joint Global Health Trials scheme the group are now examining syphilis self-testing among MSM in both China and Zimbabwe. The main objective of this initial work is to pilot an HIV/syphilis self-testing intervention in these countries and ultimately inform the design of a larger RCT study. Improving testing for high-risk populations is vital to move forward syphilis prevention and control and LSHTM remains at the forefront of research in this area.

Upcoming STIRIG Webinars 

Friday 12th June, 1-2pm
STI co-endemicity and the role of point of care tests for resistance guided therapy
Claire Broad, LSHTM/SGUL
 
This seminar will discuss the outcomes of the ‘Precise’ study, which aimed to develop point of care antimicrobial resistance tests for Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Mycoplasma genitalium infection to ensure accurate resistance guided therapy and antibiotic stewardship in sexual health medicine. Claire will also present data from a sub-study looking at STI co-infections, macrolide resistance and risk factors associated with MG infection from London based symptomatic clinic attendees.
 
Claire Broad is a PhD student under the MRC London Intercollegiate Doctoral Training Partnership between St George's University of London (SGUL) and LSHTM, she is based at SGUL in the Applied Diagnostic Research and Evaluation Unit.
 
Monday 29^th June, 1-2pm
Deriving a psychosocial clinical prediction rule to target sexual healthcare to women attending British general practice settings
Natalie Edelman, University of Brighton
 
High rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and of unintended pregnancies are issues of global concern.  In Britain part of the response has been to widen the availability of STI testing and contraception advice and supply to primary care. Natalie will discuss her work developing a psychosocial clinical prediction rule to target these interventions to women attending British primary care settings (specifically General Practices). This work addresses two other under-researched areas; the relationship between STI risk in women and unintended pregnancy risk, and psychosocial predictors of those risks. Natalie will present key findings from three inter-related studies, and discuss how clinical prediction rules sit at the cusp of population health and clinical medicine, creating unique tensions.
 
Natalie Edelman is a senior research fellow at the University of Brighton who combines epidemiological methods for health services research with a critical approach and qualitative methods.. She has worked in sexual health research for 20 years, focusing mainly on community delivery of sexual health interventions. Her interests include health inequalities, public health ethics, problematic substance use, unintended pregnancy and targeted STI testing and anti-microbial resistance.

Missed a previous STIRIG Seminar? 
You can find past seminars on the STIRIG Seminar Series page.
 

The STIRIG resource webpage has links for STI-related guidelines, trainings, conferences, professional societies and more!

Both internal and external publications featured
 
WHO:

• Meeting report from the 1^st WHO Gonococcal Vaccine Consultation 
• Updated HSV-1 and HSV-2 infection estimates 

HIV Prevention Trial Network
The results of the HPTN 083 study have recently been announced. The trial explored the use of long-acting injectable agents as an alternative to daily oral tablet regimes as pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV. 
The major finding was that long acting cabotegravir reduced the risk of HIV significantly compared to daily tenofovir/emtricitabine based PREP. Long-acting PREP has the potential to be a significant step forward in control efforts worldwide and the full results are eagerly awaited.

Francis, Suzanna C; Parajuli, Arun; Mardh, Otilia; Falconer, Jane; Andreasen, Aura; Harding-Esch, Emma; NASSTI; (2020) Technologies, strategies and approaches for testing populations at risk of sexually transmitted infections: a systematic review protocol to inform prevention and control in EU/EEA countries. Systematic reviews, 9 (1). 64-. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-020-01303-y

Gu, Xin; Gao, Ying; Yan, Yan; Marks, Michael; Zhu, Lin; Lu, Haikong; Guan, Zhifang; Shi, Mei; Ni, Liyan; Peng, Ruirui et al (2020) The importance of proper and prompt treatment of ocular syphilis: A lesson from permanent vision loss in 52 eyes. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology. ISSN 0926-9959 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.16347 Item availability may be restricted.

Blomquist, Paula Bianca; Mohammed, Hamish; Mikhail, Amy; Weatherburn, Peter; Reid, David; Wayal, Sonali; Hughes, Gwenda; Mercer, Catherine H; (2020) Characteristics and sexual health service use of MSM engaging in chemsex: results from a large online survey in England. Sexually transmitted infections. ISSN 1368-4973 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2019-054345

Free, Caroline; McCarthy, Ona L; Palmer, Melissa J; Knight, Rosemary; Edwards, Phil; French, Rebecca; Baraitser, Paula; Hickson, Ford Colin Ian; Wellings, Kaye; Roberts, Ian et al (2020) Safetxt: a safer sex intervention delivered by mobile phone messaging on sexually transmitted infections (STI) among young people in the UK - protocol for a randomised controlled trial. BMJ OPEN, 10 (3). e031635-. ISSN 2044-6055 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031635

Kelly, Helen; Chikandiwa, Admire; Alemany Vilches, Laia; Palefsky, Joel M; de Sanjose, Silvia; Mayaud, Philippe; (2020) Association of antiretroviral therapy with anal high-risk human papillomavirus, anal intraepithelial neoplasia, and anal cancer in people living with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet HIV, 7 (4). e262-e278. ISSN 2405-4704 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-3018(19)30434-5 Item availability may be restricted.

Wayal, Sonali; Gerressu, Makeda; Weatherburn, Peter; Gilbart, Victoria; Hughes, Gwenda; Mercer, Catherine H; (2020) A qualitative study of attitudes towards, typologies, and drivers of concurrent partnerships among people of black Caribbean ethnicity in England and their implications for STI prevention. BMC public health, 20 (1). 188-. ISSN 1471-2458 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-8168-0

Abbas, Kaja M; van Zandvoort, Kevin; Brisson, Marc; Jit, Mark; (2020) Effects of updated demography, disability weights, and cervical cancer burden on estimates of human papillomavirus vaccination impact at the global, regional, and national levels: a PRIME modelling study. The Lancet Global Health, 8 (4). e536-e544. ISSN 2214-109X DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(20)30022-X

Parkes, Alison; Waltenberger, Michael; Mercer, Catherine; Johnson, Anne; Wellings, Kaye; Mitchell, Kirstin; (2020) Latent class analysis of sexual health markers among men and women participating in a British probability sample survey. BMC public health, 20 (1). 14-. ISSN 1471-2458 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-7959-7

Anwari, Palwasha; Debellut, Frédéric; Vodicka, Elisabeth; Clark, Andrew; Farewar, Farhad; Zhwak, Zubiada A; Nazary, Dastagger; Pecenka, Clint; Scott LaMontagne, D; Safi, Najibullah; (2019) Potential health impact and cost-effectiveness of bivalent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in Afghanistan. Vaccine, 38 (6). pp. 1352-1362. ISSN 0264-410X DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.12.013

Sundaram, Neisha; Voo, Teck Chuan; Tam, Clarence C; (2019) Adolescent HPV vaccination: empowerment, equity and ethics. Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics. pp. 1-6. ISSN 2164-5515 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2019.1697596

Whitworth, Hilary S; Gallagher, Katherine E; Howard, Natasha; Mounier-Jack, Sandra; Mbwanji, Gladys; Kreimer, Aimée R; Basu, Partha; Kelly, Helen; Drolet, Mélanie; Brisson, Marc et al (2019) Efficacy and immunogenicity of a single dose of human papillomavirus vaccine compared to no vaccination or standard three and two-dose vaccination regimens: A systematic review of evidence from clinical trials. Vaccine, 38 (6). pp. 1302-1314. ISSN 0264-410X DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.12.017

Tang, Weiming; Mao, Jessica; Li, Katherine T; Walker, Jennifer S; Chou, Roger; Fu, Rong; Chen, Weiying; Darville, Toni; Klausner, Jeffrey; Tucker, Joseph D; (2019) Pregnancy and fertility-related adverse outcomes associated with Chlamydia trachomatis infection: a global systematic review and meta-analysis. Sexually transmitted infections. ISSN 1368-4973 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2019-053999

Ong, Jason J; Baggaley, Rachel C; Wi, Teodora E; Tucker, Joseph D; Fu, Hongyun; Smith, M Kumi; Rafael, Sabrina; Anglade, Vanessa; Falconer, Jane; Ofori-Asenso, Richard et al (2019) Global Epidemiologic Characteristics of Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Individuals Using Preexposure Prophylaxis for the Prevention of HIV Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Network Open, 2 (12). e1917134-. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.17134

Mashamba-Thompson, Tivani P; Drain, Paul K; Kuupiel, Desmond; Sartorius, Benn; (2019) Impact of Implementing Antenatal Syphilis Point-of-Care Testing on Maternal Mortality in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: An Interrupted Time Series Analysis. Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland), 9 (4). p. 218. ISSN 2075-4418 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics9040218

Witzel, TC; Bourne, A; Burns, FM; Rodger, AJ; McCabe, L; Gabriel, MM; Gafos, M; Ward, D; Collaco-Moraes, Y; Dunn, DT et al (2019) HIV self-testing intervention experiences and kit usability: results from a qualitative study among men who have sex with men in the SELPHI (Self-Testing Public Health Intervention) randomized controlled trial in England and Wales. HIV MEDICINE, 21 (3). pp. 189-197. ISSN 1464-2662 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/hiv.12818

Chikandiwa, Admire; Pisa, Pedro T; Tamalet, Catherine; Muller, Etienne E; Michelow, Pamela; Chersich, Matthew F; Mayaud, Philippe; Delany-Moretlwe, Sinead; (2019) Prevalent, persistent anal HPV infection and squamous intraepithelial lesions: Findings from a cohort of men living with HIV in South Africa. PloS one, 14 (12). e0225571. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225571

Canfell, Karen; Kim, Jane J; Kulasingam, Shalini; Berkhof, Johannes; Barnabas, Ruanne; Bogaards, Johannes A; Campos, Nicole; Jennett, Chloe; Sharma, Monisha; Simms, Kate T et al (2019) HPV-FRAME: A consensus statement and quality framework for modelled evaluations of HPV-related cancer control. Papillomavirus Research, 8. 100184-. ISSN 2405-8521 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pvr.2019.100184

Kasamba, Ivan; Nash, Stephen; Shahmanesh, Maryam; Baisley, Kathy; Todd, Jim; Kamacooko, Onesmus; Mayanja, Yunia; Seeley, Janet; Weiss, Helen A; (2019) Missed Study Visits and Subsequent HIV Incidence Among Women in a Predominantly Sex Worker Cohort Attending a Dedicated Clinic Service in Kampala, Uganda. JAIDS-Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 82 (4). pp. 343-354. ISSN 1525-4135 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/QAI.0000000000002143

Ong, Jason J; Magooa, Mahlape Precious; Chikandiwa, Admire; Kelly, Helen; Didelot, Marie-Noelle; Muller, Etienne E; Maseko, Venessa; Segondy, Michel; Delany-Moretlwe, Sinead; Kularatne, Ranmini et al (2019) Clinical Characteristics of Mycoplasma genitalium and the Usefulness of Syndromic Management Among Women Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus. SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES, 46 (12). pp. 801-804. ISSN 0148-5717 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/OLQ.0000000000001054 Item availability may be restricted.

Toh, Zheng Quan; Kosasih, Jennie; Russell, Fiona M; Reyburn, Rita; Fong, James; Tuivaga, Evelyn; Ratu, Felisita T; Nguyen, Cattram D; Matanitobua, Silivia; Do, Lien Anh Ha et al (2019) Selective Persistence of HPV Cross-Neutralising Antibodies following Reduced-Dose HPV Vaccine Schedules. Vaccines, 7 (4). p. 200. ISSN 2076-393X DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines7040200

Wang, Cheng; Tang, Weiming; Zhao, Peizhen; Tucker, Joseph; Chen, Lei; Smith, M Kumi; Wong, Ngai Sze; Dong, Willa; Yang, Bin; Zheng, Heping; (2019) Rapid increase of gonorrhoea cases in Guangdong Province, China, 2014-2017: a review of surveillance data. BMJ open, 9 (11). e031578-. ISSN 2044-6055 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031578

Mapp, Fiona; Wellings, Kaye; Mercer, Catherine H; Mitchell, Kirstin; Tanton, Clare; Clifton, Soazig; Datta, Jessica; Field, Nigel; Palmer, Melissa J; Hickson, Ford; (2019) Help-seeking for genitourinary symptoms: a mixed methods study from Britain's Third National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles (Natsal-3). BMJ Open, 9 (10). e030612-. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030612

Dave, Jayshree; Paul, John; Pasvol, Thomas Joshua; Williams, Andy; Warburton, Fiona; Cole, Kevin; Miari, Victoria Fotini; Stabler, Richard; Eyre, David W; (2019) Ethnically diverse urban transmission networks of Neisseria gonorrhoeae without evidence of HIV serosorting. Sexually transmitted infections, 96 (2). pp. 106-109. ISSN 1368-4973 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2019-054025

Ong, Jason J; Li, Chang Chang; Fu, HongYun; Nie, Juan; Tang, Weiming; Chang, WeiBin; Smith, M Kumi; Marks, Michael; Yang, Bin; Wang, Cheng et al (2019) Risk attitudes, risky sexual behaviours and willingness to test negative for syphilis using lottery-based financial incentives among Chinese men who have sex with men. Sexually Transmitted Infections. ISSN 1368-4973 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2019-054072

Stuart, Arabella; Obiri-Yeboah, Dorcas; Adu-Sarkodie, Yaw; Hayfron-Benjamin, Anna; Akorsu, Angela D; Mayaud, Philippe; (2019) Knowledge and experience of a cohort of HIV-positive and HIV-negative Ghanaian women after undergoing human papillomavirus and cervical cancer screening. BMC women's health, 19 (1). p. 123. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-019-0818-y

Gabster, Amanda; Pascale, Juan Miguel; Cislaghi, Beniamino; Francis, Suzanna C; Weiss, Helen A; Martinez, Alexander; Ortiz, Alma; Herrera, Mellissa; Herrera, Genarino; Gantes, Cesar et al (2019) High Prevalence of Sexually Transmitted Infections, and High-Risk Sexual Behaviors Among Indigenous Adolescents of the Comarca Ngäbe-Buglé, Panama. Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 46 (12). pp. 780-787. ISSN 0148-5717 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/OLQ.0000000000001070

Wu, Dan; Huang, Wenting; Zhao, Peipei; Li, Chunyan; Cao, Bolin; Wang, Yifan; Stoneking, Shelby; Tang, Weiming; Luo, Zhenzhou; Wei, Chongyi et al (2019) A Crowdsourced Physician Finder Prototype Platform for Men Who Have Sex with Men in China: Qualitative Study of Acceptability and Feasibility. JMIR public health and surveillance, 5 (4). e13027-. ISSN 2369-2960 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2196/13027

Wong, William Chi Wai; Lau, Stephanie Tsz Hei; Choi, Edmond Pui Hang; Tucker, Joseph D; Fairley, Christopher K; Saunders, John M; (2019) A Systematic Literature Review of Reviews on the Effectiveness of Chlamydia Testing. Epidemiologic Reviews, 41 (1). pp. 168-175. ISSN 0193-936X DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/epirev/mxz007 

van de Wijgert, Janneke HHM; Gill, A Christina; Chikandiwa, Admire; Verwijs, Marijn C; Kelly, Helen A; Omar, Tanvier; Delany-Moretlwe, Sinead; Segondy, Michel; Francis, Suzanna; Darby, Alistair C et al (2019) Human papillomavirus infection and cervical dysplasia in HIV-positive women: potential role of the vaginal microbiota. AIDS, 34 (1). pp. 115-125. ISSN 0269-9370 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/QAD.0000000000002381 

Konadu, Dennis Gyasi; Owusu-Ofori, Alex; Yidana, Zuwera; Boadu, Farrid; Iddrisu, Louisa Fatahiya; Adu-Gyasi, Dennis; Dosoo, David; Awuley, Robert Lartey; Owusu-Agyei, Seth; Asante, Kwaku Poku; (2019) Prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis, bacterial vaginosis and trichomoniasis in pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in the middle belt of Ghana. BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 19 (1). 341-. ISSN 1471-2393 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-019-2488-z

Smolak, Alex; Chemaitelly, Hiam; Hermez, Joumana G; Low, Nicola; Abu-Raddad, Laith J; (2019) Epidemiology of Chlamydia trachomatis in the Middle East and north Africa: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression. The Lancet Global Health, 7 (9). e1197-e1225. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(19)30279-7

Zhang, Tiange P; Yang, Fan; Tang, Weiming; Alexander, Marcus; Forastiere, Laura; Kumar, Navin; Li, Katherine; Zou, Fei; Yang, Ligang; Mi, Guodong, et al (2019) Pay-it-forward gonorrhea and chlamydia testing among men who have sex with men in China: a study protocol for a three-arm cluster randomized controlled trial. Infectious diseases of poverty, 8 (1). 76-. ISSN 2095-5162 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40249-019-0581-1

Ogundipe, Oluwakemi F; Van den Bergh, Rafael; Thierry, Behounde; Takarinda, Kudakwashe C; Muller, Claude P; Timire, Collins; Caluwaerts, Severine; Chaillet, Pascale; Zuniga, Isabel; (2019) Better care for babies: the added value of a modified reverse syphilis testing algorithm for the treatment of congenital syphilis in a maternity Hospital in Central African Republic. BMC pediatrics, 19 (1). 284-. ISSN 1471-2431 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-019-1622-4

Berg, Rigmor C; Weatherburn, Peter; Marcus, Ulrich; Schmidt, Axel J; (2019) Links between transactional sex and HIV/STI-risk and substance use among a large sample of European men who have sex with men. BMC infectious diseases, 19 (1). 686-. ISSN 1471-2334 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-019-4326-3

Rowley, Jane; Vander Hoorn, Stephen; Korenromp, Eline; Low, Nicola; Unemo, Magnus; Abu-Raddad, Laith J; Chico, R Matthew; Smolak, Alex; Newman, Lori; Gottlieb, Sami et al (2019) Chlamydia, gonorrhoea, trichomoniasis and syphilis: global prevalence and incidence estimates, 2016. BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION, 97 (8). 548-562P. ISSN 0042-9686 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.18.228486

Harfouche, Manale; Chemaitelly, Hiam; Abu-Raddad, Laith J; (2019) Herpes simplex virus type 1 epidemiology in Africa: Systematic review, meta-analyses, and meta-regressions. The Journal of infection, 79 (4). pp. 289-299. ISSN 0163-4453 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2019.07.012

Beale, Mathew A; Marks, Michael; Sahi, Sharon K; Tantalo, Lauren C; Nori, Achyuta V; French, Patrick; Lukehart, Sheila A; Marra, Christina M; Thomson, Nicholas R; (2019) Genomic epidemiology of syphilis reveals independent emergence of macrolide resistance across multiple circulating lineages. Nature communications, 10 (1). 3255-. ISSN 2041-1723 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-11216-7

Chemaitelly, Hiam; Weiss, Helen A; Smolak, Alex; Majed, Elzahraa; Abu-Raddad, Laith J; (2019) Epidemiology of Treponema pallidum, Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis, and herpes simplex virus type 2 among female sex workers in the Middle East and North Africa: systematic review and meta-analytics. Journal of Global Health, 9 (2). 020408-. ISSN 2047-2978 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.09.020408

Toh, Zheng Quan; Kosasih, Jennie; Russell, Fiona M; Garland, Suzanne M; Mulholland, Edward K; Licciardi, Paul V; (2019) Recombinant human papillomavirus nonavalent vaccine in the prevention of cancers caused by human papillomavirus. INFECTION AND DRUG RESISTANCE, 12. pp. 1951-1967. ISSN 1178-6973 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/IDR.S178381

Wang, Cheng; Cheng, Weibin; Li, Changchang; Tang, Weiming; Ong, Jason J; Smith, M Kumi; Fu, Hongyun; Marks, Michael; Nie, Juan; Zheng, Heping et al (2019) Syphilis Self-testing: A Nationwide Pragmatic Study Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in China. Clinical infectious diseases, 70 (10). pp. 2178-2186. ISSN 1058-4838 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciz603 Item availability may be restricted.

Datta, Samik; Pink, Joshua; Medley, Graham F; Petrou, Stavros; Staniszewska, Sophie; Underwood, Martin; Sonnenberg, Pam; Keeling, Matt J; (2019) Assessing the cost-effectiveness of HPV vaccination strategies for adolescent girls and boys in the UK. BMC Infectious Diseases, 19 (1). 552-. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-019-4108-y

Baisley, Kathy J; Andreasen, Aura; Irani, Julia; Nnko, Soori; Changalucha, John; Crucitti, Tania; Francis, Suzanna; Holm Hansen, Christian; Hayes, Richard J; Buvé, Anne; et al (2019) HPV prevalence around the time of sexual debut in adolescent girls in Tanzania. Sexually Transmitted Infections, 96 (3). pp. 211-219. ISSN 1368-4973 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2019-054012

Wilson, Emma; Leyrat, Clémence; Baraitser, Paula; Free, Caroline; (2019) Does internet-accessed STI (e-STI) testing increase testing uptake for chlamydia and other STIs among a young population who have never tested? Secondary analyses of data from a randomised controlled trial. Sexually Transmitted Infections, 95 (8). pp. 569-574. ISSN 1368-4973 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2019-053992

Roberts, SA; Brabin, L; Diallo, S; Gies, S; Nelson, A; Stewart, C; Swinkels, DW; Geurts-Moespot, AJ; Kazienga, A; Ouedraogo, S; et al (2019) Mucosal lactoferrin response to genital tract infections is associated with iron and nutritional biomarkers in young Burkinabé women. European journal of clinical nutrition, 73 (11). pp. 1464-1472. ISSN 0954-3007 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41430-019-0444-7