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March 16, 2020

Welcome to the Genomics in Society Digest

Genomics and its related Ethical, Economic, Environmental, Legal and Social aspects

This news digest is published by Genomics in Society at Genome Alberta. Feel free to forward to your colleagues.

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News
To get your latest full version of Genomics in Society news, visit genomealberta.ca/newsletters

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Rapid genetic testing becomes available to Calgary medical community

Earlier this month we were pleased to announce Dr. Francoise Bernier had received new funding to expand the availability of clinical genome wide sequencing in Alberta and across the country. Access to the technology will help families and medical professionals get faster answers to diagnostic puzzles. On March 10th we were able to showcase how more rapid sequencing available to clinicians could have helped young Madden Galloway. Life was not looking good for him when he was 2 but as you can see, he is now a happy and healthy 6-year-old ready to play hockey (or basketball!). Dr. Bernier will be working closely with Alberta Precision Laboratories on the $6 million GAPP project to develop a large-scale clinical genome wide sequencing service and a governance framework to integrate genomics data provincially, nationally and internationally.
Source: CTV and University of Calgary

 

Study reveals how drug meant for Ebola may also work against coronaviruses

Even when a drug seems to be working, the warning flags should go up if we don’t know exactly how it works. Researchers at the University of Alberta have figured out how the drug remdesivir is effective in treating SARS and MERS and now hope to see if it can be effective in dealing with COVID-19. The research published in the Journal of Biological Chemistry was led by Matthias Gotte from the Department of Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology at the U of A. On March 6th he was also one of the funded researchers under the federal 2019 Novel Coronavirus Rapid Research funding competition for his project “Development and Evaluation of SARS- CoV-2 RNA Polymerase Inhibitors”.
Click for a full list of the newly funded projects.
Source: University of Alberta Folio

 

Dalhousie scientists seek public's help in work on COVID-19 vaccine, antiviral drugs

One of the projects funded under the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Rapid Research Funding competition was “Identification of biomarkers that predict severity of COVID-19 patients” led by David Kelvin at Dalhousie University. His team received $1 million out of the $27 million but he believes there will be far greater challenges over the next two years requiring more research. Though he has not reached out with a specific idea he hopes that crowdfunding or public donations to the Dalhousie Medical Research Foundation which has set up a coronavirus funding page.
Source: St. John’s Telegram

 

New Editor-in-Chief at Scientific American

Laura Helmuth, the Science and Health Editor for the Washington Post is moving to New York to become only the ninth Editor-in-Chief for the 175-year old magazine, Scientific American. It is the longest continuously published magazine in the U.S.
Source: Scientific American

 

Huntington’s ruling on doctors’ duty to tell patient’s family

A high court ruling in the UK has set a precedent for relatives’ right to know about an individual’s serious conditions. A woman sued doctors who did not tell her that her father had Huntington’s disease and that she was at risk of having the disease herself and passing it on to her baby. The woman lost the case, but lawyers say that now “care and balance has to be taken when considering a third-party’s right to know information which might reveal a serious risk to them”.
Source: The Guardian

 

Women in Science

In this 11-minute podcast from CFIA, the host talks with Catherine Carrillio a researcher from the CFIA’s Carling lab in Ottawa and Katie Eloranta section head in the CFIA Burnaby lab. Though not as polished as many of the podcasts we post you will find it an interesting discussion about the opportunities and challenges for women working in science. Also of interest at the 4:40 mark is the “CSI effect”, that often shapes opinions of the work scientists are engaged in.
Source: CFIA

 

Trump administration to collect DNA from immigrants taken into custody

The Trump administration has initiated new border control methods that are raising privacy concerns. Homeland Security will collect DNA samples for migrants who are taken into custody after entering the U.S. outside designated ports of entry. It was first introduced last year, and the final rule was published in the federal register last week saying it would go into effect April 8, 2020. Critics such as the ACLU have said it could potentially affect hundreds of thousands of migrants and is a step towards “full population surveillance”.
Source: Wall Street Journal (you will need access) or Newsweek

 

WATCH: Doha Debates: The Future of Genetics

As much glitz and show as it is content, this hour and a half video of the Doha Debate from Northwestern University in Qatar will certainly keep your attention. Participants included Katie Hasson, Policy advocate, Jamie Metzl a Futurist and author, Julian Savulescu, philosopher, bioethicist and author, and Nawaal Akram, a comedian, model, athlete and disability rights campaigner. The panelists discuss the long-term challenges and opportunities for CRISPR and the implications of gene editing on global inequality, and the risk to evolution. Due to concerns over the spread of COVID-19, there was no live audience as is the usual format for the debate series.
Source: Doha Debates

 

Haunted by a Gene

Dr. Nancy Wexler has been studying Huntington’s disease for decades and raised millions of dollars for research. She has worked with medical teams in remote villages of Venezuela where there are families full of the disease. At the age of 74 she has told the world what she has long known – she too has Huntington’s.
Source: New York Times

 

Genetic variants place Asians at higher risk of side effects to common medications

We’ve seen the ads on TV for medications that include a list of side effects that get as much attention as the benefits of the medication. Those side effects of course depend on the individual. In a new study, recently published in Clinical Translational Science, University of British Columbia medical student Cody Lo and collaborators at Stanford found evidence that Asians are at a higher risk for side effects because of their genetic makeup.
Source: UBC

Feature: Gene Editing News

In vivo CRISPRa decreases seizures and rescues cognitive deficits in a rodent model of epilepsy

Researchers have taken another step forward for the use of CRISPR to address neurological diseases. Scientists have used CRISPRa to reduce seizures and cognitive deficits in a mouse model of epilepsy. The technology is often viewed as a way to treat inherited genetic disorders, but this proof-of-principle opens the possibility for dealing with non-genetic diseases.
Source: Brain: Journal of Neurology (unlocked access)

 

In its first use inside the human body, CRISPR genome editing tested as blindness therapy

In an hour-long surgery, doctors have used gene editing inside the human body. Experiments with CRISPR generally involve removing cells from the patient, edited genes in the cells with CRISPR in the lab and then infused the modified cells back into the patient. In this case a patient with a rare genetic condition was injected with a harmless virus that had been engineered to deliver the instructions to manufacture the CRISPR gene-editing machinery.
Source: STAT News


Papers & Features

CRISPR-mediated accelerated domestication of African rice landraces

Lacchini E, et al. PLoS ONE, 2020, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229782

It took millennia for our ancestors to domesticate the crops such as rice from its wild ancestors. Researchers have shown that gene editing can transform wild landraces into improved cultivars with superior resistance to endemic pests and tolerance to drought and nutrient deficiencies.  This could bring more biodiversity to farming and more sustainability to agriculture.
Source: PLOS ONE

 

Microbiome analyses of blood and tissues suggest cancer diagnostic approach

Poore, G.D. et al. Nature, 2020, doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2095-1

Researchers have developed a new way to spot cancer, and often which type, by analyzing patterns of microbial DNA present in a patient’s blood. The team began by looking at the microbial data available from The Cancer Genome Atlas, a database of the National Cancer Institute. They then used machine learning to associate certain microbial patterns with the presence of specific cancers.
Source: Nature

Events
Genome Alberta has an extensive Events Calendar on our website. Visit GenomeAlberta.ca to see all the events, and sign up for our newsletters while you're there!

Bionation 2020

During this two-day event, industry leaders, technology executives and senior government officials from across the country will come together to discuss the state of biotechnology in Canada and develop an innovation action plan for moving forward.

BIONATION aims to raise the profile of Canada’s biotech sector and its exponential growth in recent years – with increased sector size, new investments and knowledge infrastructure deals. Featured speakers and panels highlight the pivotal role biotech plays in bolstering competitiveness within significant industry sectors as well as the overall Canadian economy. Sessions focus on three key themes: talent, investment, and next-gen technology.

Sponsored in part by Genome Canada
 
When: April 1, 2020
Where: Ottawa, Ontario
 
Visit the conference website for more info and to request an invitation.

 

Mini-Medical School Mental Health & the Microbiome

Snyder Institute Mini-Medical School is designed for members of the general public who are interested in learning more about chronic diseases and topics such as travellers' health, vaccines and preventable diseases, mental health and the microbiome, obesity and exercise, arthritis and autoinflammatory diseases in kids.
 
Topic for April: Mental health and the microbiome with Drs. Valerie Taylor & Kathy McCoy
 
There are no pre-requisites to attend these lectures and they are open to the public from high school students to retirees.
 
When: April 6, 2020, 6:30-8:45pm
WhereLibin Theatre, University of Calgary, Foothills campus
 
Visit the event page for more information and free registration.

 

Canada Synbio 2020

On June 3, 2020, Ontario Genomics, Génome Québec and the Canadian Genomics Enterprise are hosting the third annual Canada Synbio Conference in Montreal. This is a national conference that focuses on emerging themes in engineering biology through a series of engaging presentations, dynamic workshops and interactive networking events.
 
New this year, the Canada Synbio Conference will be part of Canadian Synbio Week, including the Global Biofoundries Alliance meeting (June 1 and 2) and SynBio 5.0 meeting (June 4 and 5) held at Concordia University. Register now for Canada Synbio and Synbio 5.0. Contact the organizers if you are interested in attending the Global Boundaries Alliance meeting.
 
June 3rd will be a day focused on accelerating the growth and success of Canada's engineering biology community. Hear from Canadian and international innovators on:

  • Sustainable fashion and materials
  • Engineering Biology and Space
  • Cellular Agriculture and Plant-Based Meat
  • DNA data storage
  • Next-generation cell therapies
  • And more
When: June 3, 2020
Where: Concordia University, Montreal Quebec
 
More information available on the conference website.

 

Having IMPACTT: Advancing Microbiome Research

Together with the Integrated Microbiome Platforms for Advancing Causation Testing and Translation (IMPACTT), the International Microbiome Centre and the University of Calgary are organizing a high-level symposium; “Having IMPACTT: Advancing Microbiome Research.”
This microbiome symposium will be of interest to researchers, clinicians, graduate students and postdoctoral fellows internationally.
 
When: June 15 - 16, 2020
WhereThe Malcolm Hotel, Canmore Alberta
 
More information and registration available online.

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