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CHUMASH
Parshas Va'eschanan - Chamishi with Rashi
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Moshe Rabbeinu is preparing the Yidden to have hatzlacha in Eretz Yisroel!
Moshe Rabbeinu reminds the Yidden about how much Yiras Shomayim they had from Matan Torah! Hashem said, “If only they would ALWAYS feel this way!”
The Yidden should be very careful to do the mitzvos of Hashem all the time, and then they will be able to live for a long time in Eretz Yisroel!
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Today’s kapitelach of Tehillim are Mem-Tes to Nun-Daled.
In today’s Tehillim, in Kapitel Nun-Gimmel, it talks about the churban of the Second Beis Hamikdash. At the end of the kapitel, Dovid Hamelech says how he hopes Hashem will save the Yidden!
This posuk is TWICE in Tehillim! Once in Kapitel Yud-Daled, and once here.
The Medrash says that both times where it says “Mi Yitein,” hoping that Hashem will give the Geulah, also matches with two places in Torah where it says these words “Mi Yitein!”
In one place in the Torah, Hashem says how He hopes the Yidden will all have Yiras Shomayim, and in the other place, Moshe Rabbeinu hopes that all of the Yidden will be neviim. The Medrash says that both of these will come true when Moshiach comes!
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TANYA
Igeres Hakodesh Siman Daled
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Many letters in Igeres HaKodesh are about how special it is to give Tzedakah. This is another one:
The Gemara says that the Geulah will come because the Yidden give Tzedakah!
To understand this better, we learn that every Yid has two kinds of feelings:
Chitzonius HaLev: If someone thinks about Hashem and the zechus he has to do Hashem’s mitzvos, the excitement he feels is Chitzonius HaLev.
Pnimius HaLev: This is an even STRONGER feeling — it doesn’t come from thinking — it comes from VERY deep inside a Yid’s neshama!
We can see an example for Pnimius HaLev from a Gashmius’dike feeling: Sometimes a person wants something or cares about something VERY IMPORTANT! He doesn’t need to think about it, he FEELS how much he needs it! It is so strong a person can even do things for it that make no sense! (It comes from such a deep place in the neshama — it’s even higher than sechel, the part of us that understands!)
Understanding the levels of feeling a Yid has in Avodas Hashem will help us understand the kind of personal Geulah that the mitzvah of tzedakah brings to a Yid!
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We learn many of the minhagim that we keep on the fast of Tisha B’av.
At Mincha on Tisha B’Av, we say Shema (because we put on Tefillin in Mincha, not Shacharis), then finish the end of Shacharis — Shir Shel Yom, Ein K’Elokeinu — and the things we usually learn right after Shacharis, and then daven Mincha. We don’t say the Bracha “She’asa Li Kol Tzorki” until the next day.
Since Torah makes a Yid happy, on Tisha B’av we aren’t allowed to learn all of the parts of Torah! We learn about the Churban or other sad things.
Every year, the Rebbe Rashab would learn the Medrash on Eichah. It has a lot of stories and explanations from the Chachomim in the times of the Gemara, about the Churban. He would also learn the part of Gemara that tells the story of the Churban, in Mesechta Gittin.
In the morning, after Shacharis, he would say the whole Kinos (poems that the Chachomim wrote, where we cry to Hashem about the Golus — “Ad Mosai!”). Then he would say Eichah.
We lein the Torah and a Haftorah in Shacharis AND Mincha. The Rebbe Rashab would get the Maftir Aliyah (the last part of the Torah reading, and then reading the Haftorah) sometimes in both Shacharis and Mincha.
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Today we learn two mitzvos. We learn one mitzvah from the last perakim of Hilchos Kriyas Shema, and one from the new set of halachos we are starting today, Hilchos Tefillah.
1) (Mitzvas Asei #10) Shema: We need to say Shema every day, in the morning and at night. The posuk we learn this mitzvah from is one of the 12 pesukim, Veshinantam! Because this is a mitzvah that has a specific time, women don’t have to keep it.
We learn this mitzvah from a posuk in Parshas Vaeschanan: וְדִבַּרְתָּ בָּם בְּשִׁבְתְּךָ בְּבֵיתֶךָ
The details are explained in Mesechta Brachos.
2) (Mitzvas Asei #5) Tefillah: We need to daven to Hashem. In the Torah, this is called Avodah.
We learn this mitzvah from a posuk in Parshas Mishpatim: וַעֲבַדְתֶּם אֵת ה׳ אֱלֹקֵיכֶם
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RAMBAM
Hilchos Kriyas Shema - Tefillah
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In Perek Gimmel, we learn many halachos about where we are allowed to say Shema. A person can’t say Shema in a smelly place or in a bathroom.
Perek Daled: Some people don’t have the mitzvah to say Kriyas Shema every day. For example, women have a different kind of Avodas Hashem, so they don’t have to do certain mitzvos that have a specific time, like saying Kriyas Shema.
Now we finish this set of halachos, and start learning Hilchos Tefillah!
Perek Alef: The Rambam tells us about how davening used to be — people used to daven in their own words. From the time of Moshe Rabbenu until Ezra Hasofer, there was no nusach for davening — everyone davened in Lashon Kodesh the way they felt and when they needed something.
When Yidden didn’t know how to speak in Lashon Kodesh very well anymore, they couldn’t express themselves properly in davening. So the Anshei Knesses Hagedolah made Shemoneh Esrei for everyone to say.
The first three brachos say how special Hashem is, and the last three brachos say “thank You” to Hashem. In the middle there are many brachos that ask Hashem for things that Yidden need.
The Chachomim also made set times for davening the different tefillos each day, that match up to the times when korbanos were brought.
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If a Navi tells us that a mitzvah isn’t important anymore, we know he is not a real Navi! All of the mitzvos of the Torah are FOREVER, and even if sometimes we might need to stop keeping a mitzvah for a short time if a Navi tells us to, no mitzvah ever goes away forever!
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Tisha B’Av is a good time to make hachlatos. Here’s why:
If you’re old enough to fast, how many times do you think about how you’re hungry and you want to eat? If you’re younger, how many times do you want a freeze pop or a cookie and then remember that it’s Tisha B’Av? How does that make you feel?
Probably, you think about how Tisha B’Av is almost over, and you can’t wait to eat then.
But there is something more we should be thinking about!
The reason we fast on Tisha B’Av is that the Beis Hamikdash was destroyed because of our aveiros, like only having Ahavas Yisroel for people we like or people who give us things. We fast because that helps us do teshuvah and fix up the reason that the Beis Hamikdash was destroyed.
So when you feel hungry, don’t go look at the clock — think about how you’re going to have more Ahavas Yisroel!
When Hashem sees that we make good hachlatos, He gives us the reward right away — even before we start actually doing it! So with our good hachlatos today about having Ahavas Yisroel and fixing up the reason for the Churban, Hashem will certainly give us our big reward — Moshiach now!
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In Mincha on Tisha B’Av, we add an extra paragraph in the bracha of Bonei Yerushalayim. This paragraph starts with the word “Nacheim,” which means to comfort. In Nacheim, we ask Hashem to comfort the Yidden for the Churban, and to rebuild the Beis Hamikdash.
The Arizal says that one of the reasons that we say Nacheim now is that during Mincha time on Tisha B’Av, Moshiach was born. This means that right when the Beis Hamikdash was destroyed, Hashem was already planning the Geulah, when the third Beis Hamikdash would be built!
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When we wash Negel Vasser, we only wash up until the knuckles, because the tumah only reaches until there on Tisha B’Av. (Washing for bread is not because of this kind of tumah, and if we need to wash for bread, we wash our whole hand.)
Right after Tisha B’Av, we wash Negel Vasser on our whole hand. During Tisha B’Av, because we had a lower level of kedusha from the sadness of the fast, the tumah doesn’t come onto our whole hand. That’s why we only wash until our knuckles. When the kedusha comes back to us after the fast is over, the tumah tries to come along also. We wash our whole hands Negel Vasser to remove this tumah.
For detailed halachos of Tisha B’Av, see the Halacha Newsletter prepared by Rabbi Shmuel Lesches, Melbourne, and the Day by Day Halacha Newsletter prepared by Rabbi Sholom Osdoba, London
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לעילוי נשמת הרה״ח ר׳ דניאל יצחק ע״ה בן ר׳ אפרים שי׳ מאסקאוויץ
שליח כ"ק אדמו"ר נשיא דורנו למדינת אילינוי
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On Tisha B’Av we read Eichah, not only at night, but also when we finish Kinos during the day.
Megillas Eicha is a nevuah written by the Navi Yirmiyah. He saw that the way the Yidden were acting would make Hashem let there be a Churban, and he tried to warn the Yidden to do teshuvah. He told his talmid, Boruch ben Neriah, to write down the nevuah Hashem told him about what would happen if the Yidden didn’t do teshuvah.
The Navi’s words were read to the king, Yehoyakim. The king got so angry he ripped up the scroll and threw it into the fire! Hashem told Yirmiyah to write down his nevuah again. Yirmiyah did, and also added another perek at the end. This is the megillah of Eicha.
The words of Megillas Eicha are very sad. They talk about the terrible things that will happen in the times of the Churban, and all of these things did come true.
The Tzemach Tzedek wrote Reshimos on Eicha, where he explains that these nevuos can also be talking about the Geulah! They may look sad, but really there is a very happy meaning.
For example, the very first posuk in Megillas Eicha starts, “Eicha Yashva Badad, Ha’ir Rabosi Am,” “Oh, how Yerushalayim now sits alone, the city that was so full of people…”
The Tzemach Tzedek explains that this is talking about the time of Moshiach! Then, the Yidden alone will sit in Yerushalayim, not bothered by any of the nations around them.
In a maamar, the Rebbe explains the connection between the pshat of Eicha, which is so sad, and the Chassidus which explains things in such a happy way!
The Churban didn’t just happen on its own. Hashem set things up that first there needs to be a Churban and a Golus, and only then can there be a Geulah. One thing brings the next!
We know about this from the maamar of Bosi Legani: First there were seven aveiros that took the Shechinah further and further away from the world, and then seven tzadikim brought it back, until Moshe Rabbeinu was able to build the Mishkan. First things get harder, but then Hashem makes them much better even than before!
The same thing is with the Churban. First Hashem made the pshat of Eicha come true, the terrible things that happened with the Churban. But then this will bring us to the Geulah, when all of the wonderful explanations of Megillas Eicha will come true!
IY”H we will see this very very soon!
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לע"נ התינוק זאב ארי' ע"ה בן יבלט"א הרה"ח ר' שניאור זלמן שי' גליק
נפטר ב' מנחם אב ה'תשע"ג
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