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CHUMASH
Parshas Acharei - Shvi'i with Rashi
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We learned yesterday that a Yid’s marriage is very holy!
The Torah says that the goyim in Eretz Yisroel were not acting in a very holy way. This bothered Hashem so much, that they were pushed out of Eretz Yisroel! Now that the Yidden are about to go into Eretz Yisroel, they need to be extra careful that they are not acting the way the goyim were. They need to act differently, since they are Hashem’s special nation!
- Two men can’t get married to each other.
- People can’t get married to animals.
If someone does these aveiros, even if the Beis Din can’t punish them, Hashem gives them a kind of kareis, cutting off their chayus from Hashem so they will pass away young, without having children.
Keeping these mitzvos shows that we understand that Hashem is in charge of the world, and knows what is good for us. We understand that He will punish us if we chas veshalom do these aveiros, and we understand that Hashem will reward us for acting the way He asks us to!
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In one of today’s Kapitelach is a posuk we all know very well, because we say it every day at the end of davening! “Ach Tzadikim Yodu Lishmecha!”
In Tof-Shin-Mem-Daled (5744/1984), the Rebbe asked that EVERYONE, not only chassidim, should say this posuk after davening, and also to say Hareini before davening, to bring shalom in the world.
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TANYA
Likutei Amarim Perek Mem-Daled
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Yesterday we learned about the kind of love for Hashem that a Yid can have where he feels that Hashem is his chayus and he wants very much to feel connected to that chayus, which he can do by learning Torah.
Today we learn about even a GREATER ahava for Hashem, where a person doesn’t think about himself, but only about what he can do for Hashem. This love is the way a child sometimes feels, where he is ready to do something for his parents without thinking about himself.
In the Zohar it talks about this kind of Ahavas Hashem as the way Moshe Rabbeinu felt.
EVERY YID has the same father (Hashem), just like Moshe Rabbeinu! Through the Rebbe, the Moshe Rabbeinu of each generation, we receive the koach to feel a little taste of this kind of connection that Moshe Rabbeinu had for Hashem.
This Ahava is hiding, but we can “wake it up” so we will feel it. How do we wake it up? We need to talk about how Hashem is our true Father. Habits have a very special koach, that they can become part of us. So when we get into a habit of doing this, this kind of Ahavas Hashem will become part of us!
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Today is fourteen days of the Omer!
The Alter Rebbe said a maamar to the Tzemach Tzedek called “Lehovin Inyan Nefesh Elokis” (about the neshama).
(This maamar is based on a posuk in Shlishi of Parshas Kedoshim, “Lo Sochlu,” which was the Chumash of Chof-Tes Nisan in the year the Hayom Yom was first written for.)
After the maamar, the Alter Rebbe said, “Nu, make the maamar even more geshmak!”
So the Tzemach Tzedek wrote down the Alter Rebbe’s maamar, and put notes of things he added, in [brackets]. Later, the Alter Rebbe said that the Tzemach Tzedek’s notes should be taken out of brackets, and should become part of the Alter Rebbe’s maamar!
Many years later, maamorim from the Rebbe Maharash were made into a sefer called “Likutei Torah L’Gimmel Parshios,” (maamorim for the first three parshios of the Torah). The Rebbe Rashab said to use this maamar of the Alter Rebbe as the hakdama (introduction) to this sefer!
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Today we learn the same mitzvah as yesterday (Mitzvas Asei #241): If someone sets a fire, they are responsible for paying for what the fire burns. If it burns part of his neighbor’s field, he may have to pay back the neighbor.
We learn this mitzvah from a posuk in Parshas Mishpatim: כִּי תֵצֵא אֵשׁ וּמָצְאָה קֹצִים
This mitzvah is explained in Mesechta Bava Kama, perek Beis and Vov.
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Before, we learned about damage that comes from an animal eating from someone else’s field, and the kind of damage from an animal hurting people or animals or breaking things. In today’s Rambam, we learn about damage that comes from somebody’s hole in the ground, or a fire they started.
Perek Yud-Beis teaches us that if someone dug a hole, and an animal fell in, they need to pay back the animal’s owner.
Perek Yud-Gimmel explains the halachos if a THING fell into the hole and broke, like furniture or dishes.
Perek Yud-Daled teaches us about if someone starts a fire and it burns someone else’s field. If he started it in the other person’s field, or if he wasn’t careful when he started a fire in his own field, he needs to pay. If he was careful, and the fire spread anyway, he doesn’t need to pay — we say that it came from Hashem.
Now we are finished the halachos about damages! Tomorrow we will IY”H start a new set of halachos, about stealing.
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Becoming Tomei from Tumas Meis makes a person Tomei for 7 days, and only then can he become Tahor.
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This Shabbos we learn the first perek of Pirkei Avos! Here is an explanation from Hayom Yom about one of the mishnas in this perek.
In Mishnah Vov of the first perek of Pirkei Avos, we learn that R’ Yehoshua ben Perachiah said: “Asei Lecha Rav,” you should make for yourself a Rav, “U’knei Lecha Chover,” and you should buy yourself a friend, “VeHevei Dan Es Kol HaAdam Lekaf Zechus,” and judge everyone favorably.
The simple meaning is that you will have a Rav who will teach you how to live, and your friend will help you actually do it.
The Alter Rebbe explained this to the Tzemach Tzedek in another way (when he started writing Niglah and Chassidus when he was just 12 years old!): That your pen (kaneh) should be your friend. That means that you should write down the things you learn, and that will help you keep what you learn!
Is it sometimes hard for you to remember certain halachos? Make your pen your friend! Write down the halachos you keep forgetting, and it will help you to do things just the way Hashem wants!
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This week is Shabbos Mevorchim Iyar! We say the whole Tehillim in the morning, learn Chassidus (or review a Perek of Tanya), and then daven.
This week we also start saying Pirkei Avos on Shabbos. During the weeks between Pesach and Shavuos, we read a perek of Pirkei Avos each Shabbos, so that we finish the whole Mesechta before Matan Torah.
Pirkei Avos is a very good way to prepare for receiving the Torah on Shavuos! The first perek starts off with the way that the Torah was passed down to the Yidden. It teaches how to have good midos, which we work on during Sefiras Haomer. And the last perek is called Kinyan Torah, teaching us how to be able to learn and understand Torah.
The Alter Rebbe says in his siddur that we say Pirkei Avos after Mincha. It is almost like a part of davening, where the main thing is to say the words. Still, the Rebbe tells us that it is appropriate to also learn at least one Mishnah of that week’s perek with explanations.
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Muktza Kal is the less strict kind of muktza.
Even though it is muktza, there are some times that the Chachomim let us move or use it.
We are allowed to move something that is Muktza Kal if we need to use it for something on Shabbos — “Letzorech Gufo.” For example, we can use a pair of scissors to cut open a bag of food on Shabbos.
We are also allowed to move something that is Muktza Kal if we need the space, like if a hammer is on the couch and we need to sit there. This is called “Letzorech Mekomo.”
We will IY”H learn what kinds of things are part of the group of Muktza Kal.
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לעילוי נשמת הרה״ח ר׳ דניאל יצחק ע״ה בן ר׳ אפרים שי׳ מאסקאוויץ
שליח כ"ק אדמו"ר נשיא דורנו למדינת אילינוי
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Do you feel bad that you missed Kriyas Yam Suf? Don’t worry! Something similar will happen again, as part of this Geulah! This will help us prepare for the new parts of Torah that Moshiach will teach us.
וְהֶחֱרִים ה׳ אֵת לְשׁוֹן יָם מִצְרַיִם וְהֵנִיף יָדוֹ עַל הַנָּהָר בַּעְיָם רוּחוֹ וְהִכָּהוּ לְשִׁבְעָה נְחָלִים וְהִדְרִיךְ בַּנְּעָלִים
Vehecherim Hashem Eis Leshon Yam Mitzrayim — Hashem will cut off the sea of Mitzrayim to dry it up, so that the Yidden can easily return to Eretz Yisroel
Veheinif Yado Al Hanahar Ba’eyam Rucho — And Hashem will lift His hand over the river Pras (on another side of Eretz Yisroel, for the Yidden coming from that direction) with the strength of His wind
Vehikahu Leshiva Nechalim — And Hashem will force it into seven streams, for the Yidden coming from each kind of Golus there
Vehidrich Bane’alim — And He will lead the Yidden through them in dry land.
Then the next posuk concludes:
וְהָיְתָה מְסִלָּה לִשְׁאָר עַמּוֹ אֲשֶׁר יִשָּׁאֵר מֵאַשּׁוּר כַּאֲשֶׁר הָיְתָה לְיִשְׂרָאֵל בְּיוֹם עֲלֹתוֹ מֵאֶרֶץ מִצְרָיִם
Vehaysa Mesilah Li’she’ar Amo— And for the rest of the Yidden, coming from other parts of the world, there will be a clear path through the water
Asher Yisha’er Me’Ashur — For the Yidden who were left in Ashur,
Ka’asher Haysa LeYisrael — Like there was for the Yidden
Beyom Aloso Me’Eretz Mitzrayim — On the day they came out of Mitzrayim!
See Yeshayahu perek Yud-Alef, pesukim Tes-Vov and Tes-Zayin, and Rashi there
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לע"נ התינוק זאב ארי' ע"ה בן יבלט"א הרה"ח ר' שניאור זלמן שי' גליק
נפטר ב' מנחם אב ה'תשע"ג
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