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CHUMASH
Parshas Emor - Shishi with Rashi
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In today’s Chumash, we learn about the Yom Tov of Sukkos!
Sukkos is 7 days long (in Eretz Yisroel), and there is a special Sukkos korban every day!
On the 8th day, there is an extra day of Yom Tov, Shmini Atzeres. This is because Hashem loves when we have such a happy Yom Tov with Him, and He wants it to last for an extra day!
The first day of Sukkos, and the last day (Shmini Atzeres) are both days when we can’t do any melacha. The other days are Chol Hamoed.
On Sukkos, we take 4 different kinds of plants together. They are an Esrog, a Lulav, Hadassim and Aravos.
On Sukkos, we live in a Sukkah. This reminds us of the Ananei Hakavod, the clouds Hashem put around the Yidden to keep them safe in the Midbar.
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At a farbrengen on Yud-Beis Tammuz Tof-Shin-Zayin (printed in Likutei Diburim), the Frierdiker Rebbe shared how the Rebbe Rashab explains the kapitel beginning with the words Lamnatzeiach Binginos, Kapitel Samach-Zayin, which is in today’s Tehillim. Yud-Beis-Tammuz of that year was the Freirdiker Rebbe’s 67th Yom Huledes. So that year, the Frierdiker Rebbe’s kapitel had been Kapitel Samach-Zayin!
At that farbrengen, the Frierdiker Rebbe spoke about how he learned the Pirush Hamilos of tefillah, the meaning of the words of davening, together with his father, including this kapitel, which we say every day before Boruch She’amar:
“My father (the Rebbe Rashab) learned Pirush Hamilos with me twice. I learned the meaning of the weekday davening, Shabbos and Yom Tov, the Haggadah Shel Pesach, and some of the tefillos of Rosh Hashana and Yom Kippur.
“The first time was when I was a child, and the second time was starting from my Bar Mitzvah, on Yud-Beis Tammuz Tof-Reish-Nun-Gimmel.
“When my father started to learn Pirush Hamilos with me the first time, he said: ‘To daven and not know what you are davening is Nit Kein Zach — not right.’ He then started to teach me the basic meaning of davening.
“The second time my father learned with me, he taught me the Chassidishe meaning of davening...
“Starting from Modeh Ani, my father explained every posuk according to Chassidus, with a lesson that can be taken from it. Together with each inyan, he would tell a story, mostly they were “Torahs” that the Alter Rebbe heard from the Chassidus of the Baal Shem Tov and the Maggid. Sometimes it would also be an explanation of the Alter Rebbe himself or one of the later Rebbeim.”
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TANYA
Likutei Amarim Perek Mem-Ches
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When we think about how Hashem loves each one of us, it makes us want to love Him!
Now in Tanya we are learning how to show our love back to Hashem. Just like Hashem put everything aside to make a world where we can do a mitzvah, we should put everything aside to serve Hashem!
In this perek, we are learning about how Hashem created the world through tzimtzum, and then about the ways Hashem gives chayus to the world (Memalei Kol Almin and Sovev Kol Almin). These things will help us understand how Hashem, even though He is so great, put everything aside to make a world where a Yid can do a mitzvah!
Hashem’s chayus is so strong, that it needs to be hidden so it can come into the world.
How is this chayus hidden? It comes through Tzimtzum, that Hashem makes only a VERY little bit of this chayus shine on the world.
This teeny bit of Hashem’s chayus that comes through tzimtzum is like nothing compared to the Ohr Ein Sof, the infinite light of Hashem! When we think about how Hashem put this all aside for a Yid, it will help us have the same type of feeling, and put aside what we want in order to do Hashem’s Ratzon.
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Today is twenty-seven days of the Omer!
In today’s Hayom Yom, the Rebbe tells us more words to make sure we read right when we daven. There are different nuschaos for these words, and the Rebbe shows us the way to read them in the Chabad nusach. In our siddurim, they are already printed this way.
In yesterday’s Hayom Yom, we learned the ones from the first part of davening, until Shemoneh Esrei. Today we learn the rest of Shacharis, and also Maariv.
- (In Tachanun) Menu Ma’amor (with a komatz), Keyom ...Ne’emar (with a patach)
- (In Va’anachnu Lo Neda) Zochur (Ki Afar Anachnu) with a melupam (like a shuruk)
- (In Uva Letzion) Unetaltani with the nekudos patach, sheva, patach
- (In the paragraph before Shema in Maariv) Ve’ahavas’cha Lo Sasur — not “Al Tasir” like some other people have a minhag to say
This week we are working on the midah of Netzach, which is doing the right thing even when we’re not in the mood. One example of how to use our Netzach is in today’s Hayom Yom! Even if we’re not in the mood of davening, we should still be careful to say each word properly.
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Today we learn three mitzvos about a person who (R”L) kills someone:
1) (Mitzvas Asei #225) The first mitzvah is that if someone kills another person by mistake, the Beis Din needs to send him to the Ir Miklat, and he has to stay there until the Kohen Gadol passes away.
This mitzvah, along with the rest of today’s mitzvos, are from Parshas Masei: וְיָשַׁב בָּהּ עַד מוֹת הַכֹּהֵן הַגָּדֹל
The dinim of this mitzvah are explained in Mesechta Makos.
2) (Mitzvas Lo Saasei #295) If someone killed another person by mistake, he needs to run to an Ir Miklat. This mitzvah is that the Beis Din is not allowed to take money from him instead of making him go to an Ir Miklat.
We learn this from the posuk: וְלֹא תִקְחוּ כֹפֶר לָנוּס אֶל עִיר מִקְלָטוֹ
The details of this mitzvah are also explained in Mesechta Makos.
3) (Mitzvas Lo Saasei #292) The Beis Din cannot kill someone who murdered another person unless they follow all of the rules of having a trial with witnesses like we learn in Torah.
The posuk where we learn this mitzvah from is: וְלֹא יָמוּת הָרֹצֵחַ עַד עָמְדוֹ לִפְנֵי הָעֵדָה לַמִּשְׁפָּט
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RAMBAM
Hilchos Rotzeiach U'Shmiras HaNefesh
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In today’s Rambam, we learn when the Beis Din punishes someone who killed another person.
Perek Beis teaches us the difference if the murderer did it himself or had another person do it. Of course, even if the Beis Din doesn’t kill someone, Hashem will punish him if he deserves it!
Perek Gimmel explains how we make sure that the person really was trying to kill. The Beis Din figures out if the kind of thing they did, or what they used, is usually enough to kill a person.
Perek Daled teaches that only if a person MEANT to kill THAT person in THAT way, does the Beis Din punish him. We also learn how to treat a murderer that the Beis Din is not allowed to kill, and who it is a mitzvah to kill.
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Today we learn more halachos about how Tumah can be spread from or into a house. For example, if a person leans out of a window over a kever, he can make the whole house tomei!
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In this week’s Perek of Pirkei Avos, we learn many teachings of Rabbi Akiva. In Mishnah Tes-Zayin, the Mishnah says, “Nifra’in Min Ha’adam MiDaato VeShelo MiDaato” — the Beis Din Shel Maalah can punish a person with him knowing about it (Midaato), and without him knowing about it (Shelo Midaato).
The Baal Shem Tov explains that “midaato” means that the punishment is decided from HIS “daas” — from his own decision. That means that every person decides for himself how he should be punished.
But who would decide that they deserve to be punished? And when does a person make this decision? “Shelo Midaato,” without us realizing it!
The Beis Din Shel Maalah shows the person someone else who did something similar to what he did, and asks what punishment the other person deserves. Based on his decision, the Beis Din punishes the person himself!
So we see that what happens to a person is decided Midaato, “from his knowledge”, because it is decided based on his own opinion, but it is Shelo Midaato, because he doesn’t realize that what he was deciding for the other person is actually being decided for him!
We don’t realize it, but when we are thinking how someone else did something terrible and they deserve to get in big trouble, the Beis Din Shel Maalah is making decisions from that for us as well!
The Rebbe teaches us why it needs to be done that way, why the Beis Din Shel Maalah can’t just decide on its own: Nobody has any control over a Yid — even the Beis Din Shel Maalah. The only way something not good can be decided about a Yid is if the Yid himself decides it!
That teaches us to be very careful about judging another person, because really we are judging ourselves!
On the good side though, if we look at someone else and think that they are doing something good and deserve to be rewarded, that’s how we are treated too!
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When the Anshei Kneses Hagedolah put together the davening, they set up 18 brachos to say as Shemoneh Esrei, the main part of davening where we ask Hashem for our needs.
Later, in the times of Rabban Gamliel, there were many Yidden who stopped following Yiddishkeit the way it had been kept since the times of Matan Torah. They stopped following the Torah Shebaal Peh, and only did whatever they wanted to of the Torah Shebichsav. Unfortunately, this confused many Yidden, who thought that this was a real way to follow the Torah.
Since this was causing many Yidden to stop keeping the Torah and mitzvos, Rabban Gamliel’s Beis Din put together another bracha and added it to the Shemoneh Esrei. In this bracha, “Velamalshinim,” they asked Hashem that all of these new ideas and philosophies shouldn’t stop Yidden from acting like Yidden. They asked Hashem that these people should do teshuvah and shouldn’t be able to affect anyone else to copy their strange ways.
Even today, many groups of Yidden come up with new ideas of how to act — and many of them are not the way the Torah teaches us to behave. When we say the bracha of Velamalshinim, we are asking Hashem to make sure that Yidden are connected to Yiddishkeit in the proper way.
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Something that isn’t muktza can become muktza if it becomes a bosis, a base, because something muktza is resting on it.
That means that something muktza is resting on top of a table for example, now the table becomes muktza, just like the muktza thing resting on it!
Here are some conditions for something to become a bosis:
1) The muktza has to have been put there on purpose. If you put down the phone on the table for a minute, but you were planning to put it away before Shabbos and forgot, the table does not become a bosis.
2) The muktza thing has to have stayed there the whole Bein Hashmashos — from Shkiah until Tzeis Hakochavim.
If a computer was sitting on the desk for the whole Bein Hashmashos, that desk becomes a bosis, and stays that way for the whole Shabbos. Even if someone accidentally moved the computer off the desk, the desk is still a bosis and it stays muktza the whole Shabbos.
Based on Hilchos Shabbos for Children (Hebrew) by Pansaim
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לעילוי נשמת הרה״ח ר׳ דניאל יצחק ע״ה בן ר׳ אפרים שי׳ מאסקאוויץ
שליח כ"ק אדמו"ר נשיא דורנו למדינת אילינוי
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In the beginning of Sefer Yeshayahu, the Navi tells his generation a nevuah about the Geulah!
וְאָשִׁיבָה שֹׁפְטַיִךְ כְּבָרִאשֹׁנָה וְיֹעֲצַיִךְ כְּבַתְּחִלָּה אַחֲרֵי כֵן יִקָּרֵא לָךְ עִיר הַצֶּדֶק קִרְיָה נֶאֱמָּנָה
Ve’ashiva Shoftayich Kevarishona — Hashem will again give us shoftim, judges, who are tzadikim — the Sanhedrin!
Veyo’atzayich Kevatechilah — And advisors who are tzadikim, like we used to have.
Acharei Chein Yikarei Lach — Afterwards, Yerushalayim will be called:
Ir Hatzedek Kiryah Ne’emanah — A city of tzedek, righteousness, a city that is faithful to Hashem!
The Anshei Kneses Hagedolah gave us a bracha to say every day in Shemoneh Esrei, the bracha of Hashiva Shofteinu, asking Hashem to fulfill this nevuah!
See Yeshayahu perek Alef posuk Chof-Vov
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לע"נ התינוק זאב ארי' ע"ה בן יבלט"א הרה"ח ר' שניאור זלמן שי' גליק
נפטר ב' מנחם אב ה'תשע"ג
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