IUCN SULi Digest
April 2019
|
|
Publications
1. Child B (2019) Sustainable governance of wildlife and community-based natural resource management: From economic principles to practical governance. Routledge. DOI: 10.4324/9781315211152
This book develops the Sustainable Governance Approach and the principles of Community-Based Natural Resource Management. It provides practical examples of successes and failures in implementation, and lessons about the economics and governance of wild resources with global application.
News articles, blogs etc.
2. Can the Critically Endangered Liben Lark be saved? -> Community nature reserves are not only improving habitats for rare grassland birds, but also proving a vital lifeline for cattle farmers, literally saving lives during drought. But how has the Liben Lark responded to this initiative?
|
|
Publications
3. Bakar N and G Wall (2019) The importance of community’s involvement in park management towards sustainable livelihoods. Asian Journal of Quality of Life. DOI: 10.21834/ajqol.v4i16.196 (Open access)
This study investigates the impacts of the Tun Sakaran Marine Park (TSMP) establishment on communities and how institutional structures can influence communities’ involvement in ecotourism. The findings show that local communities are not involved in tourism and that institutional support should be strengthened if ecotourism is to become a livelihood strategy for communities in TSMP.
4. Cahyadi H, et al (2019) Community involvement in ecotourism development at Aketajawe Lolobata National Park. Journal of Indonesian Tourism, Hospitality and Recreation. DOI: 10.17509/jithor.v2i1.16431 (Open access)
The authors investigate the involvement of the indigenous community inside Aketajawe Lolobata National Park in ecotourism development. They find that generally the communities aren’t involved in ecotourism and suggest increasing awareness and understanding of conservation by the communities living in the national park.
5. Ernawati N, Voda M, Sudhana I and N Sudarmin (2019) Forest environment supports for community-based tourism development. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism. DOI: 10.14505//jemt.v9.8(32).01
This article explores sustainable approaches of using forests for tourism in Indonesia. The authors suggest that promoting local communities to manage forest tourism for community development could become a solution to the prolonged conflict between locals and forest authorities.
6. Roe D, et al (2019) Beyond gorillas: Local economic development through tourism at Bwindi Impenetrable National Park. IIED Project Report. Available here (Open access)
At Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, tourist numbers have increased causing potentially problematic relations between local people and park authorities. The “Local economic development through pro-poor gorilla tourism” project was set up to reduce the threat to the park and to the long-term conservation of the gorillas, as well as to harness tourism for local economic development. This report summarises the initiatives set up in the area surrounding the park, as well as highlighting the findings from the project.
News articles, blogs etc.
7. Nature conservation is a collective effort -> In August 2019, Singita will open Kwitonda Lodge and Kataza House on the border of the Volcanoes National Park. Singita’s Executive Chairman notes that opening the lodges in Rwanda gives Singita the opportunity to make a significant contribution to conservation of the mountain gorillas in Volcanoes National Park by attracting guests whose trekking permits fund the management of the Park and its inhabitants.
|
|
|
Illegal wildlife trade and poaching
|
|
Publications
8. Epanda M, et al (2019) Linking local people's perception of wildlife and conservation to livelihood and poaching alleviation: A case study of the Dja biosphere reserve, Cameroon. Acta Oecologica. DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2019.04.006
This paper examines how people's livelihoods and perceptions of wildlife are related to self-reported poaching (commercial bushmeat hunting) in villages at the buffer zone of the Dja Biosphere Reserve. The main findings indicate that positive perceptions of wildlife are linked to lower levels of poaching. Similarly, positive perceptions of wildlife are positively related to livelihood improvement.
9. LaFleur M, et al (2019) Illegal trade of wild-captured Lemur catta within Madagascar. Folia Primatologica. DOI: 10.1159/000496970
The authors document 286 Lemur catta that were held in illegal captive conditions in Madagascar. Population growth modelling suggests that known capture rates may be sustainable in all but small populations of 500 individuals and when infants/juveniles are targeted. Several actions could reduce the illegal capture and ownership of L. catta in Madagascar such as tourist behaviour change initiatives, enforcement of laws, and alternative livelihoods for local people.
10. Sukanan D and B Anthony (2019) Community attitudes towards bears, bear bile use, and bear conservation in Luang Prabang, Lao PDR. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine. 10.1186/s13002-019-0292-5 (Open access)
The authors assess local socio-economic status and attitudes towards bears, bear bile use, and bear conservation in general in Luang Prabang. They find that respondents have generally positive attitudes towards bears and bear conservation but that many locals lack knowledge about the current status of wild and captive bears. They argue that local communities will need to be integrated into conservation efforts while enhancing knowledge of conservation issues through improved outreach and communication.
11. Travers H, et al (2019) Understanding complex drivers of wildlife crime to design effective conservation interventions. Conservation Biology. DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13330
The authors investigate the drivers and prevalence of wildlife crime in communities surrounding two national parks in Uganda and predict the performance of potential interventions designed to tackle these crimes. Although poverty is often assumed to be a key driver of wildlife crime, they show that better off households, as well as those that suffer from human wildlife conflict and those that do not receive any benefits from the parks’ tourism revenue‐sharing, are more likely to be involved in certain types of wildlife crime, especially illegal hunting.
News articles, blogs etc.
12. Social media enables the illegal wildlife pet trade in Malaysia -> Malaysia’s wildlife act doesn’t address the posting of protected animals for sale on social media, and operators appear to avoid ever being in possession of protected animals, allowing them to skirt statutes aimed at catching illicit traders.
13. New report highlights continued threat to African elephants from poaching -> An updated assessment by the CITES programme Monitoring of Illegal Killing of Elephants (MIKE) has confirmed that poaching continues to threaten the long-term survival of the African elephant.
14. Community buy-in stamps out elephant poaching in Zambian park -> No elephants were poached in Zambia’s North Luangwa National Park in 2018, and the surrounding area had a 50% decrease in poached carcasses found. The North Luangwa Conservation Programme, a partnership between the Frankfurt Zoological Society and the country’s Department of Parks and Wildlife, has been around since the late 1980s and has focused its efforts on community involvement in stopping poachers from going after elephants, rhinos and other wildlife in the park.
Please also check out the People Not Poaching website, which now has over 80 case studies on engaging communities to tackle illegal wildlife trade! If you have any relevant contacts please do encourage them to look at the website and submit a case study.
|
|
|
Medicinal plant harvest and use
|
|
Publications
15. Rasethe M, Semenya S and A Maroyi (2019) Medicinal plants traded in informal herbal medicine markets of the Limpopo Province, South Africa. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. DOI: 10.1155/2019/2609532 (Open access)
This study aims to identify medicinal plant species traded in the Limpopo province in South Africa, including traded plant parts, conservation statutes of the species, and harvesting methods used to collect the species. Some of the species are of conservation concern and listed on the South African Red Data List and findings call for effective law enforcement to curb illegal removal of wild plants especially those species that are at the verge of extinction.
16. Singh A, et al (2019) Ethnomedicinal use of plant resources in Kirtinagar Block of Tehri Garhwal in Western Himalaya. Ethnobotany Research and Applications. Available here (Open access)
The aim of this study is to report the cultural importance and utilisation of ethnomedicinal plant species among the communities of Tehri district in Garhwal Himalaya, India. The results show a total of 92 ethnobotanical plant species, from which only 35 species are used for ethnomedicinal purposes. The authors argue that increased awareness on conservation and developmental strategies is needed to utilise resources through sustainable development.
News articles, blogs etc.
17. Traditional medicine and IWT in Southern Africa: A roaring trade? -> Currently, more than 2,100 South African plant species are used for traditional medicine, of which a third are regularly traded in markets. Persistent harvesting of preferred species, however, has put many species at risk of extinction.
|
|
Publications
18. Blackie I (2019) The impact of wildlife hunting prohibition on the rural livelihoods of local communities in Ngamiland and Chobe District areas, Botswana. Cogent Social Sciences. DOI: 10.1080/23311886.2018.1558716 (Open access)
This study seeks to establish the impact of the wildlife hunting prohibition on the livelihoods of rural communities. The author argues that the removal of the wildlife hunting prohibition should be reconsidered for wildlife species noted for causing damage and/or whose population has shown an increase such as elephant and buffalo. The loss incurred by rural communities from the damage caused to property and crops by wildlife militates against the perceived earlier successes of the CBNRM programme in wildlife conservation and poverty reduction.
19. Crippen M and J Salevurakis (2019) Debating public policy: Ethics, politics and economics of wildlife management in southern Africa. In Kelemen O and G Tari (eds) The Bioethics of the “Crazy Ape”. Trivent Publishing. Available here (PDF)
The authors explore three claims: 1) that sport hunting places economic value on wildlife and habitats; 2) that this motivates conservation practices in the interest of sustaining revenue sources; 3) that this benefits human populations. The idea in their research is to critically weigh the costs and benefits of hunting within a utilitarian framework, and within that framework it appears that sport hunting is defensible in certain circumstances, namely, those in which it benefits habitats, wildlife and human beings.
20. Jeke A, et al (2019) Trophy hunting and possible source-sink dynamics in protected areas: Insights from trophy size and offtake patterns in southeast Zimbabwe. International Journal of Zoology. DOI: 10.1155/2019/1313927 (Open access)
The authors assess the trophy size, quota utilisation, and distribution of kill sites of African elephant, Cape buffalo, greater kudu, and leopard for the period 2007-2014 in Malapati Safari Area. To ensure sustainable trophy hunting in the study area and similar ecosystems the authors recommend: (i) scientifically robust, adaptable, and participatory quota setting process, (ii) enhanced adherence to good practice in terms of ethical hunting conduct, and (iii) development of a robust hunting monitoring system covering all elements of hunting for adaptive wildlife management.
News articles, blogs etc.
21. ‘Nonsense’ to say trophy hunting has led to decimation of wild animals in southern Africa -> Opponents of trophy hunting, or ‘hunting tourism’, claim that the practice has led to a massive decline in wild animal numbers in Africa. Quite the opposite is true, particularly in southern Africa, where the industry has seen the world’s biggest-ever rewilding of former farmland.
22. Trophy Hunting, Part Three: Not quite the end of the game -> It is incorrect and a cherry-picking of facts to state that the International Union for Conservation of Nature has concluded that trophy hunting is inimical to conservation of wildlife in Africa. In fact, the IUCN has a clear policy of supporting sustainable use of wildlife, including hunting.
23. Kasane Elephant Summit: Botswana comes to the party! -> In the run up to the Kasane Summit, Botswana Minister of Environment, Natural Resources Conservation and Tourism, Onkokame Mokaila underscored that the summit was to set the tone towards a common southern African vision for the management of elephants.
24. Trophy hunting: Gove 'cautious' over ban on imports -> The UK will not be banning imports from trophy hunting yet, Michael Gove has said. The Environment Secretary said he had been advised by wildlife charities to "be cautious" in following other countries in outlawing imports from the controversial sport.
25. House of Commons: Trophy Hunting debate -> A debate led by Zac Goldsmith MP in Westminster Hall on the issue of banning trophy imports to the United Kingdom.
|
|
|
Rights-based conservation
|
|
|
No new publications or news articles at this time.
|
|
|
Small scale fisheries management
|
|
Publications
26. Andrachuk M, Armitage D, Hoang H and N Le (2019) A network perspective on spatially clustered territorial use rights for fishers (TURFs) in Vietnam. Coastal Management. DOI: 10.1080/08920753.2019.1596677
In a network of 16 co-managed TURFs in the Cau Hai lagoon the authors analyse management decentralisation and the relationship between spatial and networked (social) proximity. Their findings highlight the importance of the ways that TURF design and implementation influences the relationships and collaboration between fishers, government officials, and other actors.
27. Cohen P, et al (2019) Securing a just space for small-scale fisheries in the blue economy. Frontiers in Marine Science. DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2019.00171 (Open access)
The authors argue that small-scale fisheries (SSF) are being subtly and overtly squeezed for geographic, political and economic space by larger scale economic and environmental conservation interests, jeopardising the substantial benefits SSF provide through the livelihoods of millions of women and men. Here, the authors bring insights from social science and SSF to explore how ocean governance might better account for social dimensions of fisheries.
28. Hamiton R, et al (2019) Community-based management fails to halt declines of bumphead parrotfish and humphead wrasse in Roviana Lagoon, Solomon Islands. Coral Reefs. DOI: 10.1007/s00338-019-01801-z (Open access)
The authors aim to evaluate the success of the Roviana Lagoon, a network of community-based marine protected areas, at preventing declines of locally valuable species. Results show declines between 2000 and 2018, with probable causes being sustained fishing pressure, poor enforcement of community-based management measures and loss of fish nursery habitats due to logging.
29. Hossain M and A Rabby (2019) Institutional constraints to fishers' resilience: Community based fishery management in Bangladesh. International Journal of the Commons. DOI: 10.18352/ijc.902 (Open access)
This paper aims to examine constraints to fishers’ resilience in Langalkata Ozurbeel fishery. The authors find that non-participatory community based organisations and weak coordination among stakeholders appear to be enduring constraints to developing fishers’ resilience. Fishers’ resilience is largely constrained by power relations that mostly exclude fishers from the fishery management.
30. Smith S, et al (2019) A framework for allocating fishing rights in small-scale fisheries. Ocean & Coastal Management. DOI: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2019.04.020
Small-scale fisheries are likely to have allocation goals that differ from industrial fisheries, which may include promoting equity, preserving cultural values, ensuring the participation of marginalised groups, or setting aside fish for subsistence, among others. A process for allocating rights will require extensive stakeholder participation to elucidate these underlying goals and values and to develop solutions that best address them. This paper describes the steps necessary for engaging stakeholders in such a process and provides examples of novel fisheries allocation mechanisms that may address the concerns of small-scale fisheries.
News articles, blogs etc.
31. Sea cucumber farming: leading a learning exchange in the Spice Islands -> After ten years of developing a model for community-based sea cucumber aquaculture with coastal fishing communities, Blue Ventures shared its knowledge outside of Madagascar for the first time at a learning exchange in Unguja, Zanzibar.
32. Weak governance undermines South America’s ocean ecosystems -> Illegal fishing, overfishing and pollution are common problems in the waters of South America. For instance, Ecuadoran small-scale fishing captures at least 250,000 sharks every year, most of them apparently illegally, and 62% of Chile’s fisheries are overexploited or depleted. But the overarching problem, the one that enables the rest, is weak governance, according to experts.
|
|
|
Sustainable/community-based forest management
|
|
Publications
33. Bernard F and P Minang (2019) Community forestry and REDD+ in Cameroon: What future? Ecology and Society. DOI: 10.5751/ES-10708-240114 (Open access)
The authors explore options for REDD+ within community forests (CFs), as well as challenges and possible ways forward. They identify a set of enabling actions for delivery of REDD+ within CFs in Cameroon, including: clarifying carbon rights; establishing a benefit-sharing mechanism from the national to the local level with clear rules for rewarding emission reductions in CFs; and building monitoring, reporting, and verification infrastructure for REDD+ within CFs.
34. Bromley T, et al (2019) Scaling up community forest enterprises in Tanzania. IIED Briefing. Available here (Open access)
A briefing based on research of three emerging sustainable community forest enterprises that have delivered important social, economic and conservation benefits. The authors explore options for scaling up these approaches across Tanzania and elsewhere.
35. Clare S, Ruiz-Jaen M and G Hickey (2019) Assessing the potential of community-based forestry programs in Panama. Forest Policy and Economics. DOI: 10.1016/j.forpol.2019.04.004
This paper reports on community-based forestry (CBF) initiatives and reflects on Panama's readiness to support widespread CBF program adoption. The authors apply an analytical framework that identifies six “keys” that a country must possess to remove the major impediments to robust CBF. Results suggest that CBF's ability to drive sustainable rural development and forest conservation in Panama is limited.
36. Fasona M, et al (2019) Incentives for collaborative governance of natural resources: A case study of forest management in southwest Nigeria. Environmental Development. DOI: 10.1016/j.envdev.2019.04.001
The authors investigate incentives for people to engage in collaborative governance in six states in southwest Nigeria. The results show that the majority of forest users’ and community leaders have never been involved in any aspect of forest management. The authors suggest that people need empowerment to engage in collaborative governance - such as through providing financial incentives, support for alternative livelihoods and provision of basic social amenities.
37. Ginsburg C and S Keene (2018) At a crossroads: Consequential trends in recognition of community-based forest tenure from 2002-2017. Rights and Resources Initiative. Available here (Open access)
This analysis reports on trends in global forest tenure over the fifteen-year period from 2002-2017. It is the fourth in a series of analyses monitoring the legal recognition of forest tenure around the world according to four categories of legally recognised forest tenure: government administered, designated for Indigenous Peoples and local communities, owned by Indigenous Peoples and local communities, and privately owned by individuals and firms.
38. Kenfack Essougong U, Foundjem-Tita D and P Minang (2019) Addressing equity in community forestry: Lessons from 20 years of implementation in Cameroon. Ecology and Society. DOI: 10.5751/ES-10656-240109 (Open access)
This work highlights the main equity challenges encountered in implementing the community forestry approach over the past 20 years in Cameroon. The authors make recommendations including the need to promote transparency in community forests management with fair and gender-based policies that consider the socioeconomic differences existing within and between forest communities.
39. Oldekop J, et al (2019) Reductions in deforestation and poverty from decentralised forest management in Nepal. Nature Sustainability. DOI: 10.1038/s41893-019-0277-3
The authors estimate the impacts of community-based forest management (CFM) by comparing changes in forest cover and poverty from 2000–2012 for subdistricts with or without CFM arrangements. The results indicate that CFM has, on average, contributed to significant net reductions in both poverty and deforestation across Nepal, and that CFM increases the likelihood of win–win outcomes.
40. Owuor M, Icely J and A Newton (2019) Community perceptions of the status and threats facing mangroves of Mida Creek, Kenya: Implications for community based management. Ocean & Coastal Management. DOI: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2019.03.027
This study examines the perceptions of local people on the status and threats facing the mangrove ecosystem of Mida Creek. The results show that the perceived drivers of mangrove degradation are human-induced activities such as firewood harvesting, pollution from plastics and faeces, pollution from oil spills, overharvesting for building materials and encroachment for settlements. This study highlights the importance of involving the community in the initial stages of developing management policies, since they hold views that are necessary for policy change and improvement.
41. Parhusip S, et al (2019) Economic analysis of local people's involvement in community-based forest management (CBFM) in Desa Ciomas, Indonesia. Journal of Forest Planning. DOI: 10.20659/jfp.2019.002 (Open access)
This study aims to observe the impacts of people's involvement in the community-based forest management programme Pengelolaan Hutan Bersama Masyarakat (PHBM) on their economic wellbeing. The results show that local people in Desa Ciomas were highly interested in PHBM and the benefits that it offered, with an expectation of additional income.
42. Yiwen Z, Kant S and J Liu (2019) Principal-agent relationships in rural governance and benefit sharing in community forestry: Evidence from a community forest enterprise in China. Forest Policy and Economics. DOI: 10.1016/j.forpol.2019.05.010
The authors examine the reasons for farmers' low earnings from community forest enterprises (CFEs). They find that villagers earned little from CFEs because revenue was diverted to non-forestry purposes. To enhance the performance of CFEs, they recommend that the government detach community governance responsibility from CFE managers, reinforce the autonomy of rural communities in forest management and community governance, and infuse more resources to rural communities.
News articles, blogs etc.
43. On the island of Java, a social forestry scheme creates jobs at home -> Indonesian President Joko Widodo has pledged to transfer 127,000 square kilometres of state land to communities, but progress has been slow. In Kalibiru, outside the central Javan city of Yogyakarta, one community forest management program has generated impressive revenues for local governments and incomes for community members. Some locals say they’re now less likely to migrate away from Kalibiru for higher pay.
44. A project that fuels conservation, improves livelihood of tribal people -> The setting up of more than 50 biogas plants in 10 tribal hamlets in Gudalur and Pandalur taluks by the Airbus Foundation has succeeded in saving forest cover, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and providing livelihood to some of the most impoverished primitive tribal groups in the Nilgiris.
|
|
|
Sustainable use and traditional knowledge
|
|
|
Publications
45. Cámara-Leret R, Fortuna M and J Bascompte (2019) Indigenous knowledge networks in the face of global change. PNAS. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1821843116 (Open access)
The authors introduce indigenous knowledge networks describing the wisdom of indigenous people on plant species and the services they provide. The results across 57 Neotropical communities show that cultural heritage is as important as plants for preserving indigenous knowledge both locally and regionally. Their findings pave the road toward integrative policies that recognise more explicitly the inseparable links between cultural and biological heritage.
46. Hallwass G, Schiavetti A and R Silvano (2019) Fishers’ knowledge indicates temporal changes in composition and abundance of fishing resources in Amazon protected areas. Animal Conservation. DOI: 10.1111/acv.12504
The main goal of this study is to apply fishermen’s local ecological knowledge (LEK) to evaluate temporal changes in composition and abundance of exploited fish species among three different categories of protected areas (PAs) in the Tapajós River, Brazilian Amazon. Fishers’ LEK indicated decreases in citations of larger‐bodied fishes and in reported catches over time, evidencing a gradient of conservation according to PA's time of establishment and management rules.
47. Kosoe E, Adjei P and F Diawuo (2019) From sacrilege to sustainability: the role of indigenous knowledge systems in biodiversity conservation in the Upper West Region of Ghana. GeoJournal. DOI: 10.1007/s10708-019-10010-8 (Open access)
The aim of this paper is to assess how indigenous knowledge systems used for sacred biological resources have resulted in the sustainability of resources in three selected communities in the Upper West Region. The results reveal that indigenous knowledge systems are found to be very effective in conserving biodiversity. However, formal education, Christianity, Islam and modernisation emerged as key challenges which threaten the sustainability of existing indigenous knowledge systems and their potentials for biodiversity conservation in northern Ghana.
48. Osemeobo G (2019) Loss of ecological knowledge: Impacts on people and ecosystem conservation. Bells University Journal of Applied Sciences and Environment. Available here (PDF)
The aim of this study is to find lasting solutions to crises in forest conservation in Nigeria. The results reveal that: (i) specific species of plants and animals of vital importance to traditional culture were extirpated or lost in forest reserves; (ii) vital traditional rites and ceremonies which were fall-outs of traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) were no longer in practice among rural settlements; and (iii) youths in the rural setting were losing out on their culture because they were denied practical tutorships in TEK.
49. Ndhlovua P, Mooki O, Otang Mbeng W and A Aremuad (2019) Plant species used for cosmetic and cosmeceutical purposes by the Vhavenda women in Vhembe District Municipality, Limpopo, South Africa. South African Journal of Botany. DOI: 10.1016/j.sajb.2019.03.036
The aim of the study is to document the plant species used as natural-based cosmetics and cosmeceuticals by the Vhavenda women in Limpopo province. The authors identify a total of 49 plant species from 31 families. The findings reveal the richness of indigenous knowledge on plant-based cosmetics and cosmeceuticals among the Vhavenda women. The authors argue that properly explored, potential low-cost product(s) can be developed which can strengthen the socio-economic well-being of the Vhavenda women in South Africa.
News articles, blogs etc.
No new news articles at this time.
|
|
|
Sustainable use measurement, monitoring, assessment
|
|
Publications
50. Abubakar E and J Dau (2019) Economic analyses of non-timber forest products utilised by communities around Kwabaktina Forest Reserve. Asian Journal of Agricultural and Horticultural Research. DOI: 10.9734/ajahr/2019/v3i430005 (Open access)
The authors aim to assess the utilisation of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) in the communities surrounding the Kwabaktina forest reserve, Nigeria. The results show age, educational status and household size have a significant effect on the extent of NTFPs utilisation and that NTFPs play an important role in the livelihood of the communities. To ensure speedy growth and development the authors recommend that NGOs participate in funding tree planting campaigns in marginal lands.
51. Chamberlain J, Small C and M Baumflek (2019) Sustainable forest management for nontimber products. Sustainability. DOI: 10.3390/su11092670 (Open access)
This article examines three elements of sustainable forest management for nontimber products: sociocultural, economic, and ecological, and elaborates with detailed examples of edible and medicinal species from United States forests. Despite their social, economic, and ecological values, many of these species and resources are threatened by the overuse and lack of management and market integration.
News articles, blogs etc.
No new news articles at this time.
|
|
Publications
52. Bragagnolo C, et al (2019) Hunting in Brazil: What are the options? Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation. DOI: 10.1016/j.pecon.2019.03.001 (Open access)
The authors seek to stimulate a critical debate on how to deal with hunting in Brazil by analysing the main factors driving non-compliance with current legislation. They recommend several policy options to improve the monitoring, sustainability and conservation consequences of hunting in Brazil: (i) simplifying the process to become a registered subsistence hunter; (ii) expanding participation in licensing schemes; (iii) investing in pilot studies and assessing their environmental and socioeconomic impacts; (iv) expanding community-based management programmes; (v) trailing education and social marketing campaigns.
53. Souto W, Lima R and B Sousa (2019) Illegal bushmeat hunting and trade dynamics in a major road-hub region of the Brazilian mid north. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge. DOI: 123456789/47065 (Open access)
This study characterises the illegal bushmeat hunting and trade in the Floriano region. The results reveal that hunting for subsistence is the main purpose reported. Although, the authors also detect that virtually all hunters sell wild meat and other zootherapeutic products.
54. Tshikung K, Pongombo S, Roland L and J Hornick (2019) Consumption of bushmeat in Lubumbashi/DR Congo: Sociocultural approaches. Journal of Health Science. DOI: 10.17265/2328-7136/2019.02.003 (PDF)
This study aims to highlight the sociocultural aspects that justify the consumption of bushmeat in Lubumbashi. The results show that the majority of the population consume bushmeat and that consumption is largely based on taste. However, they also find that religious beliefs can prevent consumption.
55. Van Vliet N, Muhindo J, Kambale Nyumu J and R Nasi (2019) From the forest to the dish: A comprehensive study of the wildmeat value chain in Yangambi, Democratic Republic of Congo. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2019.00132 (Open access)
The authors use a value chain approach to explore the structure and functioning of the wildmeat trade chains in the Yangambi landscape. The results show that reducing unsustainable trade will imply reducing the burden on natural ecosystems as the main providers of animal protein. Moreover, the findings suggest that supporting processes to re-structure local governance systems in this post-conflict context will also support efforts to reverse unsustainable use.
News articles, blogs etc.
56. In Ethiopia, a community leans on customs to save an antelope from extinction -> Traditional leaders banded together to convince their community to end the hunting of the Swayne’s hartebeest for food, on the grounds that it went against their age-old customs. The hartebeest population has since rebounded, although threats to its survival remain, both from natural predation and from human activities.
|
|
|
Wildlife trade (and CITES)
|
|
Publications
57. Broad S (2019) TRAFFIC Bulletin. TRAFFIC. Available here (Open access)
This publication is devoted to issues relating to international trade in wild plants and animals. It is a key tool for disseminating knowledge of wildlife trade and an important source of information for those in a position to effect change and improve awareness. Topics range from the tangible benefits afforded through sustainable trade in wild medicinal plants in Vietnam through to the latest insights into Nigeria’s illicit ivory markets.
58. Challender D, Hinsley A and EJ Milner-Gulland (2019) Inadequacies in establishing CITES trade bans. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment. Available here (PDF)
The authors argue that the use of CITES Appendix I as a conservation tool will be most effective if proposals (1) are informed by knowledge of markets for the species and products concerned and socioeconomic factors associated with harvest and supply as well as biological and trade criteria, and (2) feature an evidence-based theory of change explaining how the listing decision is expected to contribute to improving the status of species.
59. Challender D, et al (2019) Criteria for CITES species protection. Science. DOI: 10.1126/science.aax1266 (Open access)
The authors welcome the suggestion for closer interaction between the Red List and amendments to the CITES Appendices. They agree that new or updated Red List assessments should be shared promptly with the CITES parties, but only subsequent evaluation of species against the CITES listing criteria can determine whether they are added.
60. Gbogbo F and J Daniels (2019) Trade in wildlife for traditional medicine in Ghana: Therapeutic values, zoonoses considerations, and implications for biodiversity conservation. Human Dimensions of Wildlife. DOI: 10.1080/10871209.2019.1605637
The authors provide information on the wild animal species traded for traditional medicine in markets across Accra, including their therapeutic values, conservation implications, and zoonoses risk. A total of 43 species of animals were recorded with 47% associated with the treatment of medical afflictions while 70% are connected to spiritual connotations. Approximately 15% of the traded species are of conservation concern including the Critically Endangered hooded vulture.
News articles, blogs etc.
61. Southern Africa: SADC Chair takes swipe at global north on elephants -> Namibia President and SADC chairperson, Dr Hage Geingob has taken a swipe at those who criticise Kavango-Zambezi Transfrontier Conservation Area countries for its conservation programmes. Dr Geingob also advocated for the controlled legal ivory trade.
62. Namibia seeks to sell N$125 million worth of ivory -> President Geingob has expressed concern over the cost and security implications of holding large ivory stocks and has reiterated the country’s stance towards legal international trade of ivory, from which proceeds would be utilised to support elephant conservation and rural conservation programmes.
63. ED rallies Africa to unite on ivory -> President Mnangagwa has implored Kavango-Zambezi Transfrontier Conservation Area nations to stick to their collective position on sustainable elephant conservation management and reject machinations by powerful nations to impose a ban on legal ivory as this disregards spirited efforts and investments by the affected nations.
64. Africa: Building tolerance towards elephants through empowering local communities -> Elephants are at the centre of debates in which southern African countries demand control over their wildlife resources and want the ban on ivory trade to be lifted. Strategies are being devised to encourage tolerance and overcome human-elephant conflict as both species compete for natural resources.
65. Namibia wants ivory trade unbanned -> Five southern African countries, including Namibia, have called on the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species to lift the ban on ivory trade.
66. Kenya petitions conservation body on South Africa elephants -> Kenya has petitioned the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species to have elephants in South Africa and three other countries listed as critically endangered.
67. Two former CITES Secretaries General support Botswana government on elephants -> Two former CITES Secretaries General have written to President Masisi with their support for Botswana to reinstate the principles of sustainable use and their wildlife management policies and operations.
68. Today’s role of horticultural societies in Colombian orchid trade and conservation -> In Colombia it is still common to find growers collecting wild orchids to enhance their private collections. Illegal trade may also be relevant, albeit there is little publicly available information about it. However, private collectors are starting to be recognised as a solution rather than only a problem for orchid conservation. Most of these collectors belong to the biggest horticultural society in Colombia, Sociedad Colombiana de Orquideología.
|
|
|
General (non-thematic articles on sustainable use and livelihoods)
|
|
Publications
69. Bandyopadhyay R and S Dutta (2019) Sustainable livelihood for the fringe dwellers of the Kaziranga National Park, Assam. The Indian Forester. Available here
This paper discusses how interactions with local people are needed to assess their requirements and to involve them as partners, in order to protect the Kaziranga National Park (KNP) from threats and to look ahead for their sustainable livelihood. The authors argue that a strategy needs to be adopted through: (i) nurturing the traditional knowledge base to utilise bioresources, (ii) preserving bio-diversity in a scientific way and (iii) providing proper rehabilitation and sustainable livelihood options for the fringe-dwellers.
70. Fraser A (2019) Land rights issues and rural poverty. In Achieving the Sustainable Management of Forests, Sustainable Development Goals Series. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-15839-2_6
This chapter highlights issues surrounding the ownership of and rights to use land, and the confusion and hardship resulting from the failure to recognise traditional rights especially of indigenous people. The author suggests that ill-defined property rights, together with lack of social infrastructure, poor access to markets and denial of access to essential non-timber forest products exacerbate rural poverty. The author advocates agroforestry systems for restoring degraded forest-land and improving rural livelihoods.
71. Idrobo C and D Johnson (2019) Livelihood transitions and social wellbeing on the Atlantic Forest Coast of Brazil. Maritime Studies. DOI: 10.1007/s40152-019-00140-7 (Open access)
The authors employ a social wellbeing lens to examine livelihood transitions from the perspective of the inhabitants of Ponta Negra, a fishing community on the Atlantic Forest Coast of Brazil. In spite of a dwindling fishing economy and increased restriction to accessing lands for agriculture, older people value living in this community but expect their offspring to move to urban centres and join the regional tourism industry labour force.
72. Olsson E and P Gooch (2019) Natural resource conflicts and sustainable development. Routledge. Available here
Providing both a theoretical background and practical examples of natural resource conflict, this volume explores the pressures on natural resources leading to scarcity and conflict. The book presents a range of global examples including, fisheries, forests and human–wildlife conflicts.
73. Walde J, Huy D, Tappeiner U and G Tappeiner (2019) A protected area between subsistence and development. International Journal of the Commons. DOI: 10.18352/ijc.844 (Open access)
Working from a sample of interviews in Hoang Lien National Park in Vietnam the authors describe the effective use of the park, the perception of the park and its management as well as the valuation of potential benefits. The results show the interviewees do not perceive that the local communities benefit from the national park. This implies that not only distribution of compensation payments but especially communications of the benefits are core elements for sustainable conservation of natural resources.
News articles, blogs etc.
74. The future of wildlife lies in the hands of people who live alongside it -> The reality is that the fate of wildlife lies mainly in the hands of those who live with it daily. These people must have incentives if they are to live with dangerous animals. Conservation efforts that fail to acknowledge the rights of such people and help them to live safely alongside dangerous animals and become wildlife defenders force them and wildlife into a battle from which both emerge as losers.
|
|
|
|
