It’s hard to say which treatment is the best for osteoarthritis because several natural treatments—but not a pharmaceutical treatment—vie for the title. But the evidence is building up fast for these two safe, effective, natural treatments. Recently published meta-analyses is building that evidence even higher.
Curcumin
The evidence for curcumin is overwhelming. A recent review of 16 controlled studies of curcumin and osteoarthritis found that people taking curcumin could walk further and that the curcumin decreased their Western Ontario and McMasters Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) scores. Every study that compared curcumin to NSAIDs found that it worked as well or better (
Nutrients 2019;11:1004. pii: E1004).
A previous review of 15 studies showed that curcumin improves pain, physical function and quality of life while reducing the need for painkillers and side effects from drug treatment (
Drug Des Devel Ther 2016;10:3029–3042). And a systematic review and meta-analysis of all controlled studies of curcumin for osteoarthritis found that 1g a day significantly reduces pain and significantly improves the WOMAC osteoarthritis index and that it is as effective as pain meds (
J Food Med 2016;19(8):717-29).
Now two new systematic reviews and meta-analyses put the evidence over the top. The first included ten studies that compared curcumin to placebo for osteoarthritis of the knee. Curcumin was significantly better for pain relief and functional improvement. Importantly, the improvements were not only statistically significant but clinically significant (
Phytother Res. 2021 Nov;35(11):5921-5935).
The second included 15 controlled studies. The studies that compared curcumin to placebo found curcumin to be superior for improving pain, function and stiffness on the WOMAC osteoarthritis index. Curcumin was not only effective but safe: so safe that it was as harmless as placebo. Compared to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), curcumin was superior because it was as effective but significantly safer, which is important because of the significant long term side effects of NSAIDs. Adding curcumin to NSAIDs was also more effective than NSAIDs alone (Biosci Rep (2021) 41 (6): BSR20210817).
The authors of the second study say that, since curcumin has “obvious anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects and no adverse reactions such as [on the] gastrointestinal tract” curcumin “may become a substitute for NSAIDs.”
Boswellia
Several studies have established boswellia as a lesser known, but remarkable herb for osteoarthritis. It not only improves pain and scores on the WOMAC osteoarthritis scale (
Drug Metabol Pers Ther June 8, 2020;35(2)), but, remarkably, it actually reverses the osteoarthritis: X-rays show an increase in the space between the knee joints and a decrease in spurs (
Phytother Res May 2019;33(5):1457-1468).
A newly published systematic review and meta-analysis has firmly established boswellia as an important herb for osteoarthritis. Seven controlled studies were included. Six of them measured changes of patient’s rating on a visual analog scale. Boswellia was significantly better than placebo.
Four reported changes on the WOMAC osteoarthritis index for pain, stiffness and function. Boswellia was significantly better than controls for all three measures.
Six reported changes on LAI score. LAI assesses pain, discomfort, maximum walking distance and activities of daily living. Again, boswellia was significantly superior to controls.
In the five studies that reported adverse events, boswellia was as safe as placebo (
BMC Complement Med Ther. July 17, 2020;20(1):225).
So, what’s the best treatment for osteoarthritis? Several natural treatments vie for the title. But this flood of important systematic reviews and meta-analyses surely makes curcumin and boswellia serious contenders for the title.
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