from matplotlib.pyplot import subplots
from numpy import arange

xs = arange(1, 10)

fig, ax = subplots()
ax.plot(xs, xs ** 2, label="line")

from matplotlib.pyplot import subplots
from numpy import arange

# Aesthetics
rcParams['font.size'] = 12
for side in ['left', 'right', 'top', 'bottom']:
    rcParams[f'axes.spines.{side}'] = True

fig, axes = subplots(1, 2, figsize=(12, 6))

for ax, max_x in zip(axes.flat, [10, 20]):
    xs = arange(1, max_x)

    ax.plot(xs, xs ** 2, label="line")

    ax.text(
        x=.05, y=.95,
        s='proportional coords (.05, .95)',
        transform=ax.transAxes
    )

    # ax.text defaults to using transform=ax.transData
    ax.text(
        x=5, y=20, 
        s='data coords (5, 20)', 
        transform=ax.transData
    )

from matplotlib.pyplot import subplots, show, rcParams
from numpy.random import default_rng
from pandas import DataFrame

# Aesthetics: increase font size & remove spines
rcParams['font.size'] = 16
for side in ['left', 'right', 'top', 'bottom']:
    rcParams[f'axes.spines.{side}'] = False

# Generate some data
rng = default_rng(0)

df = DataFrame({
    '$\mu=40,\sigma=3$': rng.normal(40, 3, size=300),
    '$\mu=65,\sigma=5$': rng.normal(65, 5, size=300),
    '$\mu=50,\sigma=8$': rng.normal(50, 10, size=300),
})
agg_df = df.mean()

fig, ax = subplots(figsize=(8,5))
bars = ax.bar(agg_df.index, agg_df)

for rect, label in zip(bars, df.columns):
    x_data_pos = rect.get_x()

    # ax.get_xaxis_transform() returns a "blended transform"
    #   this means that I can specify my x-coordinates
    #   in data coordinates/units, and my y-coordinate 
    #   in proportional coordinates/units 
    hist_ax = ax.inset_axes(
        (x_data_pos, 0, rect.get_width(), 1),
        transform=ax.get_xaxis_transform(),
        sharey=ax # share the y-axis with the parent `Axes` 
    )
    
    # draw a histogram from the dataset onto this new Axes
    hist_ax.hist(
        df[label], orientation='horizontal',
        ec='gray', fc='white',
        alpha=.6, rwidth=.9
    )

    # make the background of our child axes 
    #    invisible (or else it hides the bar)
    hist_ax.patch.set_alpha(0)
    hist_ax.xaxis.set_visible(False)
    hist_ax.yaxis.set_visible(False)

ax.patch.set_color('#f4f4f4')
ax.yaxis.grid(color='lightgray')
ax.yaxis.set_tick_params(width=0)
ax.set_axisbelow(True)

ax.set_title('Insetting a histogram on each bar\nof a bar chart')