This course teaches you fundamental knowledge and understanding of pressure pulsations in piping due to reciprocating compressors in the context of API 618 analyses. By means of several real-life case studies you are thought the details of how pulsations are caused by compressors and what their consequences can be.

Associated assessment methods such as pulsation analysis using software are discussed by the instructor as well as conformity checks for the pulsations and resulting vibrations. Possible mitigation measures and good design practices are provided.                                    

This course teaches you all the fundamentals required for performing vibration measurements for pipe stress assessment. It includes discussions of the mechanics involved in piping vibrations, and their potential causes, but also guidelines for estimating the severity and detailed analysis techniques. By means of real-life cases, typical mitigation techniques are presented. The course provides a toolbox to understand and investigate piping vibrations.

You will be able to quickly assess whether a piping vibration might be an issue for the integrity of the system and can plan a more detailed analysis based on this assessment. The course starts with an overview of important concepts such as potential sources of vibrations and existing rules of thumb for assessment. It also includes a detailed discussion of the information required for a detailed dynamic stress assessment in pipe stress software and the associated considerations.                                    

Acoustic Induced Vibrations (AIV) and Flow-Induced Vibrations (FIV) can cause piping systems to vibrate potentially resulting in fatigue failure. These excitation mechanisms are non-linear and strongly influenced by system settings such as valve openings and fluid velocity. Therefore, it can be difficult to predict the presence of new systems or the best remedial action in existing systems.

In this course, you will come to understand the physical concepts of both excitation mechanisms in detail and gain knowledge on strategies to overcome associated vibration issues in the field and reduce the risk when designing new systems. Next to relevant theory, high-risk systems, and codes & standards, a multitude of real-life cases is discussed including methods for troubleshooting AIV and FIV issues.                                    

In this course, you will be provided with a more accurate overview of the stresses in your system compared to a quasi-steady study. Thereby it may be that the required number of modifications are reduced or unforeseen failures are identified. You will learn how to include the effects of pulsations, slug loads, blast loads, water hammer/surge, and the opening of relief valves in your stress analysis. By learning how to use the dynamic module within CAESAR II you will be able to effectively conduct these types of analyses. Various solvers are present in the CAESAR II dynamic module, namely: Modal, Time History, Harmonic, and Spectrum Analyses.

Which to select, and the parameters to choose depends on the load case being analyzed. We will explain the identification of possible dynamic loads in piping systems, and the analysis of water hammer, slug, and relief loads. You will learn which CAESAR II dynamic options to use for each problem and we will explain about root-cause analysis of dynamic issues. The course will give tutorials using real-life examples including re-design.

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