August 2022
Find regularly updated information about Jobs, Student Opps, Funding, Events, and more on the OCB Website and on Twitter.
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OCB Science Highlights
SummerReading Galore!
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Drivers of recent Chesapeake Bay warming
Read the highlight and paper in Journal of the American Water Resources Association by Kyle E. Hinson, Marjorie A. M. Friedrichs, Pierre St-Laurent, Fei Da, and Raymond G. Najjar.
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Relative contribution of different factors to warm-month Chesapeake Bay temperature change over the period 1985-2015. Percentages correspond to average main channel contributions for each component.
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Nutrient management improves hypoxia in the Chesapeake Bay despite record-breaking precipitation and warming
Read the highlight and the paper in Science of the Total Environment by Luke T. Frankel, Marjorie A. M. Friedrichs, Pierre St-Laurent, Aaron J. Bever, Romuald N. Lipcius, Gopal Bhatt, and Gary W. Shenk.
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Possible overestimation of CO2 outgassing by BGC-Argo inferred from carbonate and oxygen measurements
Read the highlight and paper in Communications Earth & Environment by Yingxu Wu, Dorothee C.E. Bakker, Eric P. Achterberg, Amavi N. Silva, Daisy D. Pickup, Xiang Li, Sue Hartman, David Stappard, Di Qi, Toby Tyrrell.
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Carbon dioxide and oxygen concentrations relative to saturation in the global surface ocean in four seasons based on the GLODAPv2.2020 database (a-d). (e) shows the predicted effects of different processes on ΔCO2 and ΔO2.
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Why are sand lance embryos so sensitive to future high CO2-oceans?
Read the highlight and the paper in Marine Ecology Progress Series by Hannes Baumann, Christopher Murray, Samantha Siedlecki, Michael Alexander, and Emma Cross.
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Understanding CO2-dependent sand lance hatching success (HS) in the context of regional pCO2 projections. (A) Model domain including Gulf of Maine and adjacent Northwest-Atlantic shelf; subsampled for Stellwagen Bank (B) Sand lance hatching success normalized to 400 µatm pCO2 (HSN) and used via linear regression to infer future pCO2-induced reductions in HSN, (C) Seasonal pCO2 predictions for Stellwagen Bank (0-40m) in years 2050 and 2100, based on three different models (black dotted and dashed lines, average = red line). Shading and isolines refer to the normalized hatching success of sand lance (HSN). “Mean” denotes projected average pCO2 during the mean embryo season of sand lance (15 Nov – 15 Feb, dark shaded area).
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Seaweeds for carbon dioxide removal: Forensic accounting is essential
Read the highlight and the paper in the Journal of Phycology by Catriona L. Hurd.
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Key physical and biological processes that require quantification in Forensic Carbon Accounting for seaweeds. Although the rate of CO2 uptake by seaweeds is well known, the lateral advection of seaweed carbon to other systems, including the deep ocean and sediments, as dissolved and particulate organic carbon (DOC, POC) and respired CO2 are at present poorly quantified. It is also important to account for time scales of air-ocean CO2 equilibrium, and the fate of the seawater parcel which bears the signature of CO2 uptake.
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Is it a shift of the surface ecosystem toward small cells in the eastern North Pacific subtropical gyre?
Read the highlight and paper in Frontiers in Marine Science by Joo-Eun Yoon, Ju-Hyoung Kim, and Il-Nam Kim.
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Schematic of the changes in the environmental and ecological conditions of the surface eastern North Pacific subtropical gyre in response to future climate change.
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How does the competition between phytoplankton and bacteria for iron alter ocean biogeochemical cycles?
Read the highlight and paper in Global Biogeochemical Cycles by Anh Le-Duy Pham, Olivier Aumont, Lavenia Ratnarajah, and Alessandro Tagliabue.
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(a) Iron limitation status of bacteria in December, January, and February (DJF) in the surface ocean. Low values (in blue color = close to zero) mean that iron is the limiting factor for the growth of bacteria; (b) Bacterial iron consumption in the upper 120m of the ocean and (c) Changes (anomalies) in export carbon production when bacteria have a high requirement for iron.
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Carbon fluxes in the coastal ocean: Synthesis, boundary processes and future trends
Read the highlight and paper in Annual Reviews by M. H. Dai, J. Z. Su, Y. Y. Z., E. E. Hofmann, Z. M. Cao, W.-J. Cai, J. P. Gan, F. Lacroix, G. G. Laruelle, F. F. Meng, J. D. Müller, P. A.G. Regnier, G. Z. Wang, and Z. X. Wang.
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Updated sea-air CO2 flux density (mol C m−2 year−1) in the global coastal oceans that reveals that the global coastal ocean is an integrated CO2 sink with the strongest CO2 uptake at high latitudes. The challenges associated with identifying current and projected responses of the coastal ocean and it source/sink role in the global carbon budget require observational networks that are coordinated and integrated with modeling programs; development of this capability is a priority for the ocean carbon research and management communities.
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The most important 234Th disequilibrium compilation you ever saw
Read the highlight and paper in Earth Syst. Sci. Data by Elena Ceballos-Romero, Ken O. Buesseler, and María Villa-Alfageme.
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Map showing the distribution of sampling stations cataloged as i) unpublished (yellow diamonds), ii) published exclusively in repositories (blue square), and iii) published in referred journals (magenta circles).
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A new ocean state after nuclear war
Read the highlight and paper in AGU Advances by Cheryl S. Harrison, Tyler Rohr, Alice DuVivier, Elizabeth A. Maroon, Scott Bachman, Charles G. Bardeen, Joshua Coupe, Victoria Garza; Ryan Heneghan, Nicole S. Lovenduski, Philipp Neubauer, Victor Rangel, Alan Robock, Kim Scherrer, Samantha Stevenson, and Owen B. Toon.
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A global earth system model of impacts following a large nuclear event. Net Primary Production (NPP) is dramatically reduced in the immediate aftermath of the conflict (2020-2022). Productivity begins to recover, relative to the control run, in the tropics and subtropics (2023-2026) but globally integrated NPP does not until 2029, and remains depressed at high latitudes for decades longer, despite globally integrated gains (2040). This change is largely driven by the competing effects of elevated nutrient (Surface Nitrate) and light (Surface PAR) availability.
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Chemical thermodynamic models of artificial seawater and the Tris buffers used to define the 'total' pH scale
Read the highlight and papers about the pH buffer and artificial seawater in Marine Chemistry by Simon L. Clegg, Matthew P. Humphreys, Jason F. Waters, David R. Turner, and Andrew G. Dickson.
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The composition of a buffer solution containing 0.04 mol kg-1 of Tris and TrisH+ in artificial seawater of salinity 35. The TrisH+ is substituted for an equal amount of Na+, so that the buffer has the same ionic strength as a pure artificial seawater of the same nominal salinity.
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News from the OCB Project Office
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Promoting justice, equity, diversity, and inclusion
Whole Human
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2023 OCB Activity Proposal Solicitation
The OCB Activity Proposal Solicitation is open! We are seeking proposals for scoping workshops, working groups, synthesis activities, intercomparison activities, and training activities.
Read through all the details here and the new planning guidelines and submit by October 14, midnight ET.
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Submit your nominations for new OCB SSC members
OCB is seeking nominations for new Scientific Steering Committee (SSC) members. The following SSC members are scheduled to rotate off at the end of 2022:
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Seth Bushinsky (UH) – chemical oceanography, carbon cycle, oxygen cycle, air-sea gas exchange, autonomous vehicles
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Jaime Palter (URI) – physics-biogeochemistry, ocean C and heat uptake, WBCs, autonomous assets
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Patrick Rafter (UCI) – chemical oceanography, paleoceanography
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Charlie Stock (NOAA/GFDL) – interactions between climate and marine ecosystems using global earth system models
We are especially interested in filling the following expertise gaps:
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Paleoceanography, including deep time perspectives on ocean biogeochemical cycles and marine ecosystems
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Air-sea gas exchange
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Global modeling
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Role of fishes and other higher trophic level or commercially exploited species in carbon cycling and marine food webs
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Ocean oxygen cycling, deoxygenation, hypoxia
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Mixotrophs and mixotrophy
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Social science perspectives on marine ecosystem response to climate change
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Marine carbon dioxide removal (mCDR) – carbon fluxes, permanence, circulation, air-sea exchange, monitoring, reporting, and verification (MRV), as well as environmental justice
Please consider casting a diverse net in submitting nominations. We are seeking to entrain new voices and ideas in OCB! Nominees should be at US-based institutions (including Univ. Puerto Rico, Univ. Virgin Islands or in other US territories, minority-serving institutions, including historically Black colleges and universities, Hispanic-serving institutions, tribal colleges and universities, etc.). Please submit your nomination (self-nominations are welcome) here by November 10.
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Seeking your plenary session ideas for OCB2023 (June 12-15, 2023) - submit your ideas here by Sept. 16!
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PACE Training Class Report
The “What’s behind the curtain of the NASA Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, ocean Ecosystem (PACE) mission” training course was held in Baltimore, Maryland from August 1-5, 2022. Forty-two students from across the U.S. and abroad converged on University of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC) for this in-person only experience. The diverse student group represented a roughly 50-50 mix of oceanic and atmospheric Early Career students and scientists. This one-week graduate-level course focused on imprinting a new generation of graduate students and Early Career Scientists on the PACE mission by offering unique access to all elements of this major NASA flight project.
The class included lectures, hands-on laboratories, “fireside chat” panels with NASA Headquarters representatives and Goddard Space Flight Center’s (GSFC) Earth Sciences communications team, and a behind-the-scenes tour of the PACE flight build and ground system facilities at GSFC. The curriculum focused not only on Earth science, but also on PACE’s instruments’ performances and how their measurements relate to derived geophysical products, uncertainties, and ultimately, Earth system models. All lectures were recorded and will be made available soon. Lecture slides, other materials, photos and more can be found on the course website: https://www.us-ocb.org/pace-mission-training-activity/.
This course was developed by members of the NASA PACE Project, colleagues at University Of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC), a teaching assistant from the University of Connecticut, and the OCB Project Office. Lecturers included the core instructors, guests from the PACE Project, and scientists and communicators from Goddard (GSFC) and NASA Headquarters.
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OOI BGC Workshop Report
The June 2022 OOI Biogeochemical Sensor Data workshop in Woods Hole was a great success, with solid progress towards their goals and products. To learn more about the workshop, read the workshop summaries on the OOI website and the Ocean Best Practices August newsletter.
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Mixotrophy Working Group Meeting - September 12
The next Mixotrophs & Mixotrophy Working Group meeting will take place on Monday, Sept. 12 from 11:00-12:30 EDT. We will be inviting members of the Micro Eukaryote group to join us to talk about areas of potential collaboration. Potential meeting discussion points will include:
- Using mixotrophs as model systems to study life transitions – e.g. endosymbiosis, plastid evolution.
- Understanding traits and tradeoffs in mixotrophy – mixotrophs are not only taxonomically diverse, they exhibit different types and levels of mixotrophic activity (e.g., constitutive vs non-constitutive). What are the evolutionary events that may lead to these different forms of mixotrophy?
- Environmental measurement of mixotrophs and mixotrophic activity is difficult – what are some possible new approaches/methods for accomplishing this?
Please register here to receive the Webex link for the meeting.
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Upcoming OCB events
September 12: Mixotrophy WG meeting
September 27-30: Marine Carbon Dioxide Removal: Essential Science and Problem Solving for Measurement, Reporting, and Verification Workshop (University of Rhode Island). Registration is closed, but contact the OCB Office if you’d like to participate via Zoom.
October 5, 1pm PT/4pm ET: Save the Date: GO-BGC webinar series webinar - using BGC floats for the study of extreme events
October 23-26: C-saw: Time domain controls on carbon storage, release, and transformation in coastal and estuarine waters following extreme events (Raleigh, NC) Registration is closed, but contact the OCB Office if you’d like to participate via Zoom.
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Sad news of the passing of MLML's Kenneth Cole in July.
Read more about him here.
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GLODAPv2.2022 includes measurements from more than 1.4 million water samples from the global oceans collected on 1085 cruises. The data for the 13 core variables have undergone extensive quality control, especially systematic evaluation of bias.
https://www.us-ocb.org/glodapv2-2022/
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New Funding Opportunities
New NSF solicitation for the Engineering Technologies to Advance Underwater Sciences (ETAUS) Ideas Lab. The aim of this Ideas Lab is to bring together experts from diverse scientific and engineering backgrounds to develop innovative engineering technologies and solutions that will enable real-time and reliable sensing, communications, localization, navigation, and mapping of aquatic environments, including glaciers, rivers, lakes, and oceans, for scientific research and economic development in a sustainable and environmentally responsible manner. This Ideas Lab workshop is planned to take place in November 2022, with a tentative in-person event scheduled for November 8-10, 2022. Deadlines: Preliminary proposals due September 19, 2022.
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