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News, Literature, and Events in Braingenethics
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Braingenethics 

Update 

 

Vol. 8, No. 6
June 2021

braingenethics.cumc.columbia.edu/

In the Literature

 
Genetic Testing for Suicide Risk Assessment: Theoretical Premises, Research Challenges, and Ethical Concerns
Brian L. Mishara and David N. Weisstub
If, in the future, genetic testing is able to accurately identify suicide risk in individuals, its use would nonetheless be contraindicated if we could not provide effective preventive interventions and mitigate the negative impacts of informing people about their risk level.

Patient and Relative Experiences and Decision-Making About Genetic Testing and Counseling for Familial ALS and FTD: A Systematic Scoping Review
Ashley Crook et al.
This review maps patients' and relatives' experiences of genetic testing as well as counseling for familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). It also identifies factors influencing their decision to proceed with testing or counseling.

Toward Personalized Medicine in Schizophrenia: Genetics and Epigenetics of Antipsychotic Treatment
Amanda J Lisoway et al.
Lisoway et al. review progress in understanding both genetic and epigenetic factors involved in antipsychotic response over the past five years.


Polygenic Risk Score Analysis for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Leveraging Cognitive Performance, Educational Attainment, and Schizophrenia
Restuadi Restuadi et al.
The combination of polygenic risk scores for ALS, schizophrenia (SCZ), cognitive performance (CP), and educational attainment (EA) suggest a genetic correlation between ALS, SCZ, CP, and EA, providing a better understanding of the complexity of ALS.

Do Non-Invasive Prenatal Tests Promote Discrimination Against People with Down Syndrome? What Should Be Done?
Klaus Zerres et al.
In a society where reproductive autonomy is seen as an achievement, access to non-invasive prenatal tests (NIPT) is likely not going to be limited. As such, comprehensive and qualified pretest counseling is vital to avoid possible stigmatization of people with Down syndrome.

Attitudes on Gene Editing and Genomic Screening

 
Public Attitudes Toward Genetic Risk Scoring in Medicine and Beyond
Simone Zhang et al. 
A representative survey of the US population found that despite almost universal agreement that people should not be judged based on genetics, there is support for permitting institutions to use genetic information, with support highest for disease outcomes and in reproductive decision-making. Co-author Dalton Conley wrote further about this study in the Washington Post.

Population Genomic Screening for Genetic Etiologies of Neurodevelopmental/Psychiatric Disorders Demonstrates Personal Utility and Positive Participant Responses
Karen E Wain et al.
Results from population-based neurodevelopmental/psychiatric disorders (NPD) genomic screening in a major health system were viewed positively by participants. Wain et al. argue that they can provide personal value for adults with NPDs and could improve clinical outcomes by informing symptom monitoring for NPDs and co-morbidities.

Setting Ethical Limits on Human Gene Editing After the Fall of the Somatic/Germline Barrier
John H. Evans
With the exception of the minority of people in the human gene editing debate who see the eugenic society as utopia, the majority will need a barrier on the slippery slope to stop the slide to dystopia.
 

In the Media


Genetics and Responsibility: More Complicated Than We’d Thought
Erik Parens and Paul S. Appelbaum
At the recent virtual symposium, “Do genetic findings have an impact on perceptions of responsibility?” sponsored by the Center for Research on Ethical, Legal, and Social Implications of Psychiatric, Neurologic & Behavioral Genetics at Columbia, in collaboration with The Hastings Center, Parens, Applebaum, and colleagues found a far more complex answer to that question than was imagined in early iterations of the geneticization thesis. Watch the recordings of the symposium here.

Roots of Major Depression Revealed in All Their Genetic Complexity
Bill Hathaway  
A genome-wide association study (GWAS) of genetic and health records of 1.2 million people from four separate data banks has identified 178 gene variants linked to major depression.

How Genetic Testing Can Help Advance Clinical Trials for Parkinson’s Disease
James Beck
James Beck, Chief Scientific Officer of the Parkinson’s Foundation, discusses challenges surrounding a Parkinson’s diagnosis.

More in the Literature


Research and Training in Autism Spectrum Disorder to Catalyze the Next Genomic and Neuroscience Revolutions
Sergiu P. Paşca et al. 
Drs. Daniel Geschwind, Sarah Spence, and Pat Levitt initiated a biannual course that serves as an opportunity for scientists to learn about the clinical aspects of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a forum for participants to share and receive feedback on their own research, and an international network of like-minded researchers to support research progress.
 
Genome-Wide Association Study of More Than 40,000 Bipolar Disorder Cases Provides New Insights into the Underlying Biology
Niamh Mullins et al.
Analyses of bipolar disorder subtypes indicate high but imperfect genetic correlation between bipolar disorder types I and II and identify additional associated loci.

Family-Based Genome-Wide Association Study of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Middle Eastern Families
Yasser Al-Sarraj et al. 
In the first GWAS of ASD in the Middle Eastern population of Qatar, authors find that common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in seven loci are associated with ASD.

Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Dementia—Common Gene Associations Through Network-Based Identification of Common Driver Genes
Hyun-Hwan Jeong et al. 
Forty-two common genes were identified between obstructive sleep apnea and dementia, which were primarily linked to the G-coupled protein receptor and olfactory pathways. No common SNPs were identified.

Association of Polygenic Liability for Autism with Face-Sensitive Cortical Responses from Infancy
Anna Gui et al.
The N290 (brainwave) event-related potential differs in response to viewing faces versus non-faces in infants. Here, infants later diagnosed with autism showed diminished N290 latency to face and non-face stimuli relative to infants without a family history of autism. Furthermore, higher autism polygenic scores were associated with diminished N290 latency and cross-disorder polygenic scores even more so.
 
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