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CHUMASH
Parshas Eikev - Rishon with Rashi
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In today’s Chumash Moshe Rabbeinu farbrengs with the Yidden about three things: The brachos they will get from keeping Torah and mitzvos, encouragement that they will be able to conquer Eretz Yisroel, and remembering how Hashem took care of the Yidden in the Midbar and is now giving them the special land of Eretz Yisroel.
Moshe Rabbeinu tells the Yidden that if they will keep the Torah and mitzvos, Hashem will give them great brachos!
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When the Yidden are getting ready to go into Eretz Yisroel, they shouldn’t think — “Oy vey! The goyim are very strong and we won’t be able to go in!”
Instead, they should remember all the nissim that Hashem did before — Hashem will do nissim again for the Yidden! Hashem will even send out the goyim who live there just a few at a time, so that wild animals don’t have a chance to go into the cities before the Yidden get there. But the Yidden need to make sure that they don’t learn from the goyim who serve Avodah Zarah.
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The Yidden should remember how Hashem took care of them in the Midbar. They need to be extra careful to only keep all the mitzvos, because they are going to a very special place, Eretz Yisroel!
Eretz Yisroel is an “Eretz Chitah, Se’orah, Vegefen...” a land that has a special bracha for all of the Shiva Minim! (That famous posuk is in today’s Chumash!)
And when the Yidden enjoy everything that grows in Eretz Yisroel, they will eat and get full and bentch Hashem! (“Ve’achalta, Vesavata, Uveirachta Es Hashem!” That’s where we learn about the mitzvah of bentching after we eat a meal!)
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Today’s shiur Tehillim is kapitelach Ayin-Tes to Pey-Beis.
In Kapitel Pey-Alef (81), the posuk says “Tiku BaChodesh Shofar, Bakeseh LeYom Chageinu. Ki Chok LeYisroel Hu, Mishpat Leilokei Yaakov.” These pesukim are talking about blowing the shofar, which is the mitzvah of Rosh Hashana.
The Gemara says that it is also talking about the parnasa that every Yid will have for the coming year. There is an argument in the Gemara whether a person is judged on Rosh Hashana, or every day, or even every hour!
Chassidus explains that it’s really not an argument — they’re just talking about different things! In Ruchnius, on Rosh Hashana and Yom Kippur, it is decided what a person will have. But based on how they act every day and every moment, it is decided whether that Ruchnius koach he deserves will come into Gashmius and give him parnasa, or stay in Ruchnius for Gan Eden.
Some people think that since anyway Hashem decided on Rosh Hashana and Yom Kippur, it doesn’t matter if they daven with a minyan or go to a shiur in Torah or do other mitzvos. Either they will get it or they won’t get it!
But that’s not true! Even if in Shomayim it was decided that a person will get a lot, if he doesn’t earn Hashem’s bracha, he won’t get the bracha in Gashmius. And the opposite is also true — even if someone isn’t supposed to get a lot, with Hashem’s bracha that little can help him even more than a lot would!
See Kuntres Umaayan
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TANYA
Igeres Hakodesh Siman Hey
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We learned before that Hashem gives chayus to Olam Haba with the letter Yud, and to Olam Hazeh with the letter Hey.
A mashal for the letter Hey is like the letter Hey in a person — the sound that we make using our breath.
A mashal for the letter Yud is “Kadmus Hasechel” — a very deep part of the neshama which makes our mouth and throat and tongue make that sound into words.
We learned that the letter Yud is very close to Hashem, from the pnimius of Hashem’s chayus. This is like the way it is in the mashal, that the way we make words from our mouth is from a very deep place in our neshama.
In today’s Tanya, the Alter Rebbe tells us that really Olam Hazeh and Olam Haba both get chayus from ALL the letters of Hashem’s Name. The only difference is that in Olam Haba, we can FEEL the chayus from the Yud of Hashem’s name that is so close to Him! In our world, though, Olam Hazeh, we can only FEEL the chayus from the letter Hey of Hashem’s name, which is also called Sefiras Hamalchus, because the world is Gashmius and Hashem is hiding inside it.
Soon we will see how understanding this shows us what special thing happens when we give Tzedakah!
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Once the Baal Shem Tov stopped hiding that he was a big tzadik, he would travel around to many different cities and villages, for three reasons:
1) To raise money for Pidyon Shevuyim — getting Yidden out of jail. They were put in jail for reasons like not having enough money to pay their rent.
2) To inspire Yidden to learn more Torah and have more Yiras Shomayim.
3) To teach Chassidus.
The Mitteler Rebbe explained why it was so important to travel around for the third reason:
Many times in seforim, we call Torah “water.” Just like people don’t need to be forced to drink water, Yidden don’t need to be forced to learn Torah — they LIKE to learn Torah!
But Chassidus is very warm — it’s like fire! People can be scared of fire. They are not sure if they should learn Chassidus! So the Baal Shem Tov had to go to the people and say, “Don’t worry, the fire of Chassidus is the varemkeit (warmth) of Hashem! When you learn Chassidus, it will only make you a Yid with more chayus — there is nothing to be afraid of!”
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Today’s mitzvah (Mitzvas Lo Saasei #322) is the same as yesterday’s — that a Beis Din is not allowed to punish anyone on Shabbos. We learn this mitzvah from the posuk that says, “You shouldn’t burn a fire on Shabbos.”
This is a posuk in Parshas Vayakhel: לֹא תְבַעֲרוּ אֵשׁ
Really, this posuk seems strange — we already know that we can’t burn a fire on Shabbos, because it’s one of the Lamed-Tes Melachos! The Mechilta explains that this is talking about one of the types of punishment, called Sereifah, that a Beis Din sometimes needs to give. We are not allowed to do this type of punishment, or any of the other punishments, on Shabbos.
The Talmud Yerushalmi says that we learn from the end of this posuk (“Bechol Moshvoseichem,” in all of your dwellings) that the Beis Din can’t judge at all on Shabbos
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Today’s perakim in Rambam are continuing to teach us about the melacha of Hotza’ah, carrying. We are not allowed to transfer things from one reshus (type of area) to another, or to carry things around inside of some of the reshuyos.
Perek Tes-Vov: We learn the halachos about when someone is in one reshus, and is moving something in a different reshus. For example, sticking your hand out through a window and drawing up water from a well.
Perek Tes-Zayin: We learn the halachos about what types of walls can surround an area to make it into a different type of reshus. (Halacha calls these walls mechitzos, and nowadays many people call it an “eruv.”)
Perek Yud-Zayin: In those days, most houses were inside of courtyards, and most courtyards were in an alleyway (mavui). We learn what needs to be done to the mavui to make it into a Reshus Hayochid. We also learn about pasim, small dividers that can sometimes act as a mechitza to make it into a different reshus.
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In this perek, we start learning the mitzvos about who is not allowed to eat Terumah. There are many mitzvos about this!
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How did Chassidus start?
We learned in today’s Hayom Yom that the Baal Shem Tov would travel all over, teaching people Chassidus.
The Rebbe says that now, before Moshiach, we need to do the same thing! All of us need to go out and find Yidden to teach them about Chassidus.
When the Mishna speaks about teaching Torah to other people, it uses an expression, “Osek BeTorah” — working in Torah, like a business person. We can learn from this expression that we need to teach Torah like a businessman does his work: He doesn’t just sit in his store and wait for people, he works to find ways to make people want to come in to his store! We also need to go out and help people to WANT to come learn Chassidus and behave the way it teaches!
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After the section of the Korban Tomid, we say a posuk that starts with the words “Veshachat Oso,” saying that a Korban Olah (like the Korban Tomid) is shechted on the north side of the Mizbeiach.
The Medrash tells us that this posuk also hints to the Akeidah, reminding Hashem to have rachmonus on us in the zechus of the Avos.
In fact, the whole mitzvah of bringing the Korban Tomid is connected to the Akeidah: The Medrash teaches that at the time of the Akeidah, Hashem decided that the Yidden should bring a Korban Tomid every day.
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We learned in today’s Chumash (Rishon of Parshas Eikev) that it’s a mitzvah to bentch after we eat and are satisfied, as the posuk says, “Ve’achalta Vesavata Uveirachta Es Hashem.”
The Chachomim added that not only should we make a bracha AFTER we eat, we should make a bracha before, too! They said that before enjoying even a tiny drop of Hashem’s food or drink, we need to make a bracha. (For example, even if we’re eating just one chocolate chip, or just a small piece of a cookie.)
The Gemara says that anyone who enjoys something without making a bracha first is like taking from the parts of korbanos that belong to Hashem and are supposed to be burned on the Mizbeiach! The whole world belongs to Hashem, and we need to get permission before we enjoy it. By saying a bracha, we are getting permission from Hashem to enjoy the food or drink!
Seder Birchas Hanehenin, Perek Alef, Halacha Alef
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לעילוי נשמת הרה״ח ר׳ דניאל יצחק ע״ה בן ר׳ אפרים שי׳ מאסקאוויץ
שליח כ"ק אדמו"ר נשיא דורנו למדינת אילינוי
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The three Neviim of Yeshaya, Yirmiya, and Yechezkel said many nevuos about the time of the Geulah. (We learned some of them over the last few months.)
After these neviim, there is a sefer in Nach called Trei Asar. “Trei Asar” means “twelve” in Aramaic, and this sefer has the nevuos of twelve Neviim. Only some of their nevuos were written down for later generations, so each of these neviim is short. That’s why they were all put together as one sefer.
The nevuos in Trei Asar start from Hoshea, a Navi at the time of the first Beis Hamikdash, and go all the way to the time of the second Beis Hamikdash, when all nevuah stopped. Malachi, the last Navi in Trei Asar, was also the last of the Neviim.
In this sefer, there are also many nevuos about the Geulah. IY”H we will soon start by learning a nevuah from the first Navi in Trei Asar, Hoshea.
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לע"נ התינוק זאב ארי' ע"ה בן יבלט"א הרה"ח ר' שניאור זלמן שי' גליק
נפטר ב' מנחם אב ה'תשע"ג
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