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CHUMASH
Parshas Ki Seitzei - Shvi'i with Rashi
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Moshe Rabbeinu is telling the Yidden more mitzvos, teaching how to act in a caring way to other people:
- If someone does work for you, pay right away, especially if he is poor, because he might need the money you’re supposed to give him! He worked hard and may have even endangered his life for the money. If you don’t pay him right away, it is an aveira.
- Close relatives can’t be witnesses (eidim) for each other in court.
- The Beis Din has to be extra careful with the way they treat an orphan or a ger, making sure that they are treated fairly.
- An almanah (a woman whose husband R”L passed away) also needs extra sensitivity. If she borrowed money, even if she didn’t pay back, you can’t take a Mashkon from her. Hashem took us out of Mitzrayim and gave us mitzvos to keep. We need to keep them even if they are hard, like this one, where someone might lose money!
- When you are cutting your wheat from the field, or picking olives and grapes, and you forget something by mistake you need to leave it for a poor person and not take it for yourself.
- The Beis Din needs to make sure to make a proper Din Torah to say who is right and who is wrong.
- Then we learn the mitzvah of the court giving malkos to a person who deserved that punishment in court for an aveira he has done.
- You are not allowed to cover the mouth of an animal when it is working in the field! (People used to cover the mouth of an animal, called muzzling, to keep it from eating the food in the field.)
- Then we learn the mitzvah of yibum and chalitzah. If someone passed away without children, his wife needs to get married to the brother of her husband so they can name a child after him. That’s called Yibum. If that’s not possible or they don’t want to, then chalitzah is done.
- If someone does something very embarrassing to someone else when they were fighting, he must pay. A person doesn’t just have to pay for hurting someone else, but also for embarrassing him.
- When you do business it needs to be honest and then Hashem will be happy and give you long life.
- Remember, and never forget, what Amalek did to us when we left Mitzrayim. We need to wipe out their name. This mitzvah will be finished when Moshiach comes!
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Today’s shiur Tehillim is kapitelach Samach-Tes, Ayin, and Ayin-Alef. We also say three kapitelach for Elul: Lamed-Zayin, Lamed-Ches, and Lamed-Tes.
In today’s Tehillim, we say a posuk “Yemalei Fi Tehilasecha.” “My mouth should be full of Your praises.”
The Gemara says that we learn from here that when we say a bracha, our mouth needs to be FULL of the bracha. That’s why we shouldn’t say a bracha with food in our mouth — our mouth should be full of Hashem’s bracha, not full of food!
In today’s shiur Tehillim, there are niggunim in EVERY kapitel! Can you find them? Do you know how to sing them all?
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TANYA
Igeres Hakodesh Siman Yud-Gimmel
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Yesterday we said that there are two kinds of Yidden — some that are more serious and strict with themselves, and others that are more freilich and ready to give EVERYTHING, in their Avodas Hashem.
There are two examples for these two types:
1. Beis Shamai and Beis Hillel: Beis Shamai was usually very strict, and Beis Hillel would find a way to be patient with the most annoying people, and not as strict when he paskened Halacha.
2. Yitzchak and Avraham: Yitzchak was very strict with himself. He was always working to become better . He used his midah of gevurah. Avraham was kind (Chesed) and had a lot of Hachnosas Orchim — even to people who didn't believe in Hashem.
The Alter Rebbe tells us that in kedushah, these two midos are not by themselves! Chesed has Gevurah and Gevurah has Chesed! (We also know this from Sefiras Ha’omer, where we see that every midah has all the other midos inside of it too!)
Since they are all connected, we see that sometimes even Beis Hillel was MORE strict than Beis Shamai! And sometimes, Beis Shamai was LESS strict than Beis Hillel!
Avraham Avinu, whose Avodah was Chesed, was also able to show a lot of Gevurah, like when he brought Yitzchak to be a Korban.
The same is with EVERY Yid’s neshama — everyone has both midos of Chesed and Gevurah, and there is a time to use each one.
So if everyone has Chesed AND Gevurah, why do we say that there is a difference, and that there are different ways in Avodas Hashem?
Beis Shamai was USUALLY strict, and the Chesed was hiding. Beis Hillel was USUALLY kind, and the Gevurah was hiding. The same thing is with Avraham and Yitzchak! Each of them had BOTH midos, but one of them was usually hiding.
So each of us have both midos, but our Avodah is usually in one way.
In tomorrow’s Tanya, we will see that the Alter Rebbe uses this explanation to encourage even those Chassidim who are usually more strict, that they should use the Chesed inside of them and give tzedakah without a limit to the chossid who is collecting for Colel Chabad!
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In today’s Hayom Yom, we learn what happens to a chossid the first time he goes into Yechidus.
We all know what a bris is.
A baby boy is born with an extra piece of skin called the Orlah, which needs to be taken off. This is the mitzvah of Bris Milah! Once a baby has a Bris Milah, his body becomes connected to Hashem.
There is also a Ruchnius’dike kind of Bris Milah!
We are born with ways of thinking that come from the Yetzer Hara. These ideas can cover over our Neshama, like an extra piece of skin, and make it harder for us to be connected to Hashem!
The Chossid R’ Chanoch Hendel said that all Chassidim knew that when a Chossid goes into Yechidus, he gets a “bris milah” for his Neshama! Once a chossid goes into Yechidus for the first time, that “Orlah,” the grobkeit and way of thinking of the Yetzer Hara, are taken away, and he can now think and feel like a Chossid!
It only takes one time for a Chossid to go to the Rebbe, and it changes him forever!
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SEFER HAMITZVOS
Shiur #69 - Hilchos Megillah V'Chanukah Perek Gimmel - Daled, Mitzvas Asei #213
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Because there are no mitzvos for this set of halachos, we learn the perakim of Hilchos Megillah V’Chanukah in Rambam, even if we usually just say Sefer Hamitzvos!
We also learn the mitzvah (Mitzvas Asei #213) of getting married according to Torah! This is called Kiddushin. One of the ways we do Kiddushin is for the Chosson to give the Kallah something worth at least a perutah, and says that she is his wife. That’s called “Kiddushei Kesef.” Another way is that he writes down on a paper that she is his wife, and she accepts it from him in order to get married. That’s called “Kiddushei Shtar.”
We learn this mitzvah from a posuk in Ki Seitzei: כִּי יִקַּח אִישׁ אִשָּׁה וּבְעָלָהּ
The details are explained in Mesechta Kiddushin.
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RAMBAM
Hilchos Megillah V'Chanukah - Hilchos Ishus
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In today’s Rambam, we learn about Chanukah! Even though lighting the menorah and hearing the Megillah are mitzvos, since they are mitzvos from the Chachomim, they don’t count as part of the 613 mitzvos.
One of the things we learn is about saying Hallel on Chanukah. Did you know that there are 18 days a year when we say the whole Hallel? (8 days of Sukkos, 8 days of Chanukah, first day of Pesach, and Shavuos.) Outside of Eretz Yisroel, we say the whole Hallel 21 days — can you figure out why? (Saying Hallel on Rosh Chodesh is a minhag, and that’s why we don’t say the whole Hallel.)
We learn many halachos about lighting the Menorah. Here is one very important halacha: If someone only has enough money to do one mitzvah — lighting the Menorah or lighting Shabbos candles, he should get the Shabbos candles!
Why? Because the most important thing is to have Shalom Bayis, which is what Shabbos candle lighting is about!
Now we finished a whole Sefer of the Rambam, Zemanim! We are starting the next sefer, called Noshim (women). It talks about getting married.
Some of the halachos are about which people aren’t allowed to get married to each other. One halacha is that a Kohen Gadol can’t get married to anyone who was married before.
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If we live far away from Yerushalayim, the food might not be good by the time we get there! We learn how to trade the food for money, and then use the money to buy food in Yerushalayim later.
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Today is the Yom HaChasunah of the Frierdiker Rebbe and Rebbetzin Nechama Dina!
The Frierdiker Rebbe was the only son of the Rebbe Rashab and Rebbetzin Shterna Sara. When he was seventeen, it was time to look for a shidduch. A few choices came up, but the Rebbe Rashab said that he wanted his son to get married to someone who was related to the family. They chose Rebbetzin Nechama Dina, who was also a great-granddaughter of the Tzemach Tzedek.
At the time of the Chasunah, the Rebbe Rashab said a very long maamar that starts with the words Samach Tesamach. This maamar talks about Simcha, and how Simcha is stronger than anything! It teaches what a person should think about when he does a mitzvah, so that he will have Simcha Shel Mitzvah!
During the Sheva Brachos, the Rebbe Rashab announced the beginning of Yeshivas Tomchei Temimim, and made the Frierdiker Rebbe the Menahel Poel, the one who will run the yeshivah!
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We are a little more than two weeks away from Rosh Hashana! Let’s take the time to learn more about the upcoming Yomim Tovim.
It is important to understand the meaning of the special davening of Rosh Hashana and Yom Kippur. We add many sections to davening, which speak about the meaning of these holy days. We speak about crowning Hashem as King, how Hashem judges the world, and asking for a good year.
Even though we might already know how to look inside of our Machzor and say the words clearly, it is also important to UNDERSTAND what we are saying.
The Rebbe told Baalei Tefillah (the ones who will be a Chazan) for the Yomim Noraim, that before davening they should first spend time going over the meaning of the tefillos. This is especially important for someone who is being the Shliach Tzibur for a whole shul, but it is also important for everyone!
IY”H over the next two weeks we will look at the general meaning of the tefillos and piyutim (poems) that we say in the Machzor. We will also review some of the halachos of these special days.
See Shevach Hamoadim, Kitzur Hilchos Yomim Noraim siman yud
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It is brought in halacha that a Yerei Shomayim should check his tefillin and mezuzos during Elul, and that all of the other mitzvos should also be “checked” and fixed if they need it.
We may be able to understand this halacha better by thinking about another Yom Tov!
About a month before Pesach, our Mommies start getting busy! They make lists and charts and calendars, to make sure that everything is taken care of, so we will have a kosher and happy Pesach.
They make sure all the drawers will get cleaned, the kitchen will get scrubbed, each room of the house will be checked, the car will get vacuumed, the Pesach food will get bought in time, and they will have recipes for everything we need to eat. They make sure we will have all of the pieces of our Seder plate, and not one bit of chometz will be found anywhere! This way we can keep all of the mitzvos of Pesach and feel like we are going out of Mitzrayim.
Preparing for Rosh Hashana is the same thing! A month before Rosh Hashana, we all need to start getting busy. We need to think about each part of our life as a Yid: How we dress, how we act, how we think, and how we feel.
We need to look at all of our mitzvos and make sure they are done right: We make sure our mezuzos are kosher, put up the right way, and are on every door they need to be on. We make sure we are bentching licht on time every week and giving tzedakah before. We make sure we have good Kibud Av Va’em, and that we are treating other people nicely. We make sure that all of our mitzvos are “clean” and just right!
This way, we’ll be ready for Rosh Hashana, when we are making Hashem our King. We tell Hashem that we are ready to use the new chayus from the new year to make our Yiddishkeit much better than ever before!
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לעילוי נשמת הרה״ח ר׳ דניאל יצחק ע״ה בן ר׳ אפרים שי׳ מאסקאוויץ
שליח כ"ק אדמו"ר נשיא דורנו למדינת אילינוי
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Hashem showed the Navi Zechariah a malach who asked why Hashem is not helping the Yidden. Hashem told the malach not to worry, because the second Beis Hamikdash will be rebuilt. The malach told Zechariah to tell this to the Yidden!
The malach also told the Navi that even though there will be another Churban, there will also be another Geulah. In the end, there will again be a Beis Hamikdash in Yerushalayim.
עוֹד קְרָא לֵאמֹר כֹּה אָמַר ה׳ צְבָאוֹת עוֹד תְּפוּצֶנָה עָרַי מִטּוֹב וְנִחַם ה׳ עוֹד אֶת צִיּוֹן וּבָחַר עוֹד בִּירוּשָׁלִָם
Od Kra Leimor — And you should say even more!
Ko Amar Hashem Tzeva’os — So says Hashem:
Od Tefutzena Arai Mitov — “My cities will be scattered, and sent away from the good land of Eretz Yisroel.
Venicham Hashem Od Es Tzion — But Hashem will again one day comfort Tzion,
U’vachar Od BiYerushalayim — And again choose Yerushalayim!”
See Zechariah perek Alef posuk Yud-Zayin
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לע"נ התינוק זאב ארי' ע"ה בן יבלט"א הרה"ח ר' שניאור זלמן שי' גליק
נפטר ב' מנחם אב ה'תשע"ג
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