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Damage to Syria's Heritage

2 September 2021
This newsletter provides a summary of the most recent reports on the damage to and restoration of Syria's heritage. It should be stressed that many of the damage reports cannot be verified, but it is hoped that it will assist in the documentation of the damage occurring, and help raise awareness of ongoing work. Heritage for Peace have released a statement concerning their stance on data recording, available here.

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Main Contents

New from Heritage for Peace | Updates on Damage | Updates on Looting | Intangible Heritage | Syrian Activity | Policy Changes and Updates from Syria | International Activity | News Updates

Stories
New from Heritage for Peace
Heritage for Peace launched the Palmyrene Voices initiative

Heritage for Peace and its partners ALIPH, Yetim Sultan and the Swedish Research Institute in Istanbul announce the creation of the Palmyrene voices initiative. It is a platform for the voices of the Palmyrene people to reach out to the international community, to support all Palmyrene people in the diaspora in their efforts to come back to Palmyra and to help them rebuild their city in a way that guarantees their dignity and preserves their identity. The initiative includes three different projects: Supporting artisans from Palmyra; Creating an interactive map of Palmyrene people in the diaspora and Fighting illicit traffic to return Palmyra’s looted objects. The project is in the final phase. 

To know more about the Palmyrene Voices initiative visit the you can watch this video
New video about Heritage for Peace work in Raqqa


Protecting cultural heritage in Raqqa after its occupation by ISIS. The Documentation and protection of Cultural Heritage project in Raqqa city emphasizes the role of heritage in contributing to peacebuilding and reconciliation for communities that have suffered from war and terrorism. Watch this video in the following link, which summarizes the stages of our work in Raqqa. 
Heritage for Peace new publication

Dr Isber Sabrine and Dr Emma Cunliffe published a new article by the journal of Ancient Near Eastern Studies titled "Protecting heritage during conflict: the work of Heritage for Peace"

ABSTRACT:

The large-scale destruction of historical buildings, museum collections, and archaeological sites by different actors during the Syrian conflict has led to the development of initiatives and programs by International Organizations (IOs) and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs. In 2013, the NGO Heritage for Peace was created in Spain. It is a non-profit organization whose mission is to support all Syrians in their efforts to protect and safeguard Syria’s cultural heritage during the conflict. 

This paper begins with the idea behind Heritage for Peace (HfP). It will then give an overview of the work being done to protect Syria's heritage by the NGO. Within this context, we then present Syrian Heritage Law Training (SHeLTr) project. SHeLTr aims to provide an online curriculum, offering Islamic court staff, heritage workers and government officials across opposition-held area in Syria . After carrying out a survey of lawyers, imams, and archaeologists, HfP - with the support of Save Muslim Heritage and financial support of the Gerda Henkel Foundation - has designed a course that presents how cultural heritage destruction is addressed in three different frameworks: Syrian domestic law, Islamic law, and International Humanitarian law. We will present the ongoing work of this project, and perspectives for the future.
Updates on Damage
Restoration acts of Museum of Popular Traditions in Aleppo continue with high pace [image: SANA]
Mosques continue to be damaged in clashes 

The Al Mansour mosque in Daraa al-Balad is the third mosque to be damaged in clashes this month, according to the New Arab and North Press Syria. The Doctor Ghassan Aba Zayed and Sa'd bin Abi Waqas Mosques have also been damaged
Updates on Looting
Seizure of antiquities prepared for smuggling in Daraa

The Directorate General of Antiquities and Museums of Syria (DGAM) reported that the Syrian authorities in Daraa seized antiquities that were intended for smuggling and handed them over to the Daraa Antiquities Department. In turn, the Daraa Antiquities Department inspected the pieces. It was found that these pieces belong to different historical periods, such as the modern Bronze Age, the Roman period, and the Hellenistic period. 
Turkey thwarts the smuggling of antiques from Syria

According to the Anadolu Agency (AA) the Turkish authorities thwarted the smuggling of 2,533 ancient coins at the "Gilwa Gozo" border gate with Syria. The Turkish authorities indicated that the seized coins were sent to the Directorate of Museums in Hatay, where it was found that 308 pieces dated to the Hellenistic era, 2016 pieces to the Roman era, and 209 pieces from the Byzantine era. 
Intangible Heritage
Heritage of the Euphrates


Launched on August 24, 2021, on a Facebook page “Heritage of the Euphrates”, “The Syrian stories” is a program that sheds light on Syrian characteristics and traditions. Presented by Duaa Al-Soboah, the program deals with the variations of culture in Syria and its distinctions, such as dress, dialects, customs, and cultural traditions. A promotional video is available here
Reports and Updates from the Syrian People
Completion of the first phase of the project Atlas of archaeological sites in Syria using the GIS system

The Directorate General of Antiquities and Museums of Syria (DGAM) has completed the first phase of the project Atlas of archaeological sites in Syria using the GIS system. The work focused on preparing the base map of the Syrian Arab Republic, including the borders of governorates, regions, cities, villages, roads, and rivers. The coordinates of about 700 archaeological sites were determined on the map distributed over several governorates and linked with the information related to them in turn.

The project aims to create a central database for all archaeological sites in Syria that contains plans, pictures, primary and secondary historical periods, national and foreign working missions, damages of various kinds, uploading them on the map to ensure the possibility of producing different multi-purpose maps for documentation, study, statistics and future plans for excavation projects and studies archaeological surveys, exploration, rehabilitation, restoration, maintenance, preservation, cultural and tourist investment, and various tourist itineraries. 
Launching the project of the historical map of the city of Damascus using a GIS system

The Directorate General of Antiquities and Museums of Syria (DGAM), reported that they have started a project to prepare a historical map of the buildings of the city of Damascus, using the GIS system. This project aims to determine the historical periods of the existing buildings in the city and to understand the evolution of city planning through different periods.
A meeting entitled “Cultural Heritage in Danger” between experts from the DGAM and the Russian Academy of Sciences

The Directorate General of Antiquities and Museums of Syria (DGAM) reported that a meeting between some experts from the Directorate General of Antiquities and Museums (DGAM) and a delegation from the Russian Academy of Sciences was held. The aim of the meeting was to discuss the prospects for cooperation to protect the Syrian cultural and urban heritage. During the meeting, the Russian side presented the results of the documentation work it had undertaken for the ancient city of Palmyra and some churches. The Director-General of Antiquities and Museums, Mohamed Nadhir Awad, indicated that cooperation between the two sides is developing well and that the Russian side promised to provide three-dimensional documentation when it is fully completed to be used in restoration operations.
Restoration of Bosra Al-Sham Castel 

The Directorate General of Antiquities and Museums of Syria (DGAM) has carried out studies to enable restoration interventions to Bosra Al-Sham Castle to avoid further damage, maintaining the cultural and social importance of the castle.

The main works that have been implemented included: 
  • Phase 1: Restoration of the curtain walls between the fourth and fifth towers; the first phase of the planning project; multispectral data was collected, including satellite images of the Bosra Al-Sham Castle;  and plan showing the curtain wall between the fourth and fifth towers.
  • Phase 2: Sorting and documentation.
  • Phase 3: Restoration and reconstruction phase which includes: document collection management; exterior façade restoration; and restoration of the interior façade of the curtain wall. 
Restoration of the Museum of Popular Traditions in Aleppo continue 

The Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA) released an article about the ongoing restoration works in the Museum of Popular Traditions at Al-Jadidah neighborhood in Aleppo governorate. The museum, which was sabotaged and destroyed, was located in one of the significant historic houses of Aleppo. Pierre Ghassan Zarz, the contractor of the restoration project, said that the restoration acts include sculptural works of stones and construction works for facades and ceilings, giving attention to heritage details. Zarz pointed out that the Museum of Popular Traditions is one of the most important monuments that attract visitors from all over the world due to its unique architecture and decorations. 
Restoration of molded skulls from prehistoric times by the DGAM

Turath Athari Syria reported on their Facebook page that the Directorate of the Technical Laboratory, Laboratory for the Restoration of Organic Materials, restored two molded skulls kept at the National Museum of Damascus and date back to the pre-pottery Neolithic period (6500-6000 BC). It is worth mentioning that molded skulls are a group of human skulls whose forms were reshaped after death, and used in religious rituals. The two skulls are considered among the most important artifacts discovered during the oldest systematic excavations of Neolithic sites in the early agricultural villages, conducted by the joint Syrian-French mission in southern Syria.
Policy Changes and Updates from Syria
  • None
International Activity
Turkish restoration of Nebi Huri

Turkey has carried out restorations at the Nebi Huri archeological site in Afrin, which it has controlled since 2018, according to North Press Agency. The restorations are of a more Turkish style than the original style.
Opening of the traveling exhibition of Syrian antiquities in China entitled “Incredible Syria”

The Directorate General of Antiquities and Museums of Syria (DGAM)  reported on opening of “Incredible Syria” exhibition at the Museum of Shenzhen, China, which will be hosted in Chinese museums for two years. DGAM’s participation consisted of 195 important archaeological and artistic exhibits that were collected from several museums in Syria. Exhibits were carefully selected to tell the story of the Syrian civilization from the dawn of history through historical periods until the Islamic periods and to express the uniqueness, diversity, and richness of the Syrian cultural heritage.
Valuable Syrian mosaics on show in Athens

Ekathimerini wrote about a digital exhibition in display until August 6, 2021 at Melina Mercouri Cultural Center, that highlighted the efforts to salvage historic artworks from the ravages of war. The Syrian Mosaic Pavement Documentation project, launched in 2004, was one of Greece’s most important programs in Syria before its second phase – a workshop on conservation – was violently interrupted by the war in 2008. The archive is now safely filed away at the center’s offices in Thessaloniki in northern Greece, serving as a valuable resource not just for researchers interested in East Mediterranean Byzantine art, but also for international law enforcement authorities investigating incidents of looting and destruction at Syria’s museums, monuments, and archeological sites. 
Syrian restorers will take a course on the restoration of monuments in Chersonesos and St. Petersburg

TASS reported that, the deputy director of the Institute for the History of Material Culture (IIMK) of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Natalia Solovieva, head of the projects “Palmyra in Time and Space and “Salvation of Early Christian Temples in Syria”, specialists of the Department of Antiquities and Museums of Syria will undergo practice in Russia on the preservation and restoration of antiquities during their visit to Chersonesos and St. Petersburg. According to her, Syrian specialists will observe the archaeological excavations in Chersonesos and the work of the restorers of the State Hermitage.
News Updates
(Not covered in other sections)
This mailing list was produced by Dr Emma Cunliffe, in association with Heritage for Peace
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