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Emerging Technologies
in Healthcare
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Knowledge and Library Services Part of the Barts Health Education Academy
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September 2021
Welcome to this month's update on the latest technology developments in healthcare. Emerging tech is best described as any advanced technologies with the capacity to act as disrupters in their field or sector. Robotics and artificial intelligence are clearly such technologies, as well as machine learning, nanomedicine, deep learning, blockchain and others which are all impacting medicine and healthcare research and practice.
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Barts Health NHS Trust deploys Clinithink AI to help diabetic patients
Barts Health NHS Trust has deployed AI technology from Clinithink which will scan millions of documents and help identify those with diabetic foot problems.
NHSX launches new digital guidelines for NHS trusts
NHSX has published new digital guidelines to support local NHS leaders and organisations to transform services for patients. The What Good Looks Like framework calls for patients to be able to digitally access their care plans and test results, for trusts to explore new ways of delivering care such as remote monitoring and consultations, and to improve care through the use of electronic prescribing systems.
NHS Cervical Screening Management System
News on the new system which will be introduced at the end of October 2021
NHSX asks healthcare professionals to send in challenges that could be solved by tech
"NHSX has put out a direct request to health and social care professionals, asking them to send in information about workplace challenges they are facing that they think could be addressed with a digital or tech solution. Posted through the NHSX Innovation Lab, the call is asking for assistance from the workforce to help shape the organisation’s ‘roadmap‘. The request says: “If you face a challenge that you think could be answered with innovative thinking and digital technology.
WHO should lead on genome-editing policy, advisers say
Nature Journal reporting on the WHO committee which has advised the World Health Organization (WHO) to assume a leading, global role in efforts to regulate genome editing.
Is healthcare too hard for Big Tech firms?
Blog post from Healthcare IT News discussing the implications of the news that Google and Apple are scaling back their healthcare efforts.
UK gov launches £375 million fund for "game-changing" startups
"The UK government has launched its £375 million startup Future Fund: Breakthrough scheme that aims to help “high-growth.
NHSX opens funding to accelerate the adoption of digital health technologies
NHSX has now opened applications for The Digital Health Partnership Award, a scheme created to help NHS organisations in England bid for funding to accelerate the adoption of digital health technologies that support patients with long-term conditions.
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HTN Now September
Monday 20 - Thursday 23 September
2,000 free tickets have been made available for NHS employees to attend any of the sessions at our next Health Tech for the Now event. Taking place virtually between 20-23 September, exploring ICS digital strategies, change management, supplier pitches, paediatric early warning signs tools, approaches to digital first, EPR journeys and experiences, remote monitoring, clinical communications, AI and data, cloud strategies, digital literacy, and of course sharing learnings and best practice.
https://htn.co.uk/2021/07/07/2000-nhs-tickets-available-for-htn-now-september/
Bristows Life Sciences Summit "Trust me, I am an algorithm. Is AI the future of healthcare"?
Tuesday 16 November
The event, which will be held on Tuesday 16 November 2021, will explore the use of artificial intelligence in healthcare.
https://www.bristows.com/events/bristows-life-sciences-summit-trust-me-i-am-an-algorithm-is-ai-the-future-of-healthcare/
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Health Foundation explores opportunities and challenges of automation
The Health Foundation, working with the University of Oxford, has published research into the opportunities and challenges for automation and artificial intelligence in healthcare.
Freely available online
https://www.health.org.uk/publications/reports/switched-on
ORCHA releases report into UK attitudes towards digital health
ORCHA (the Organisation for the Review of Care and Health Apps) has released an online report that investigates attitudes to digital health across the UK and outlines what this could mean for the NHS. The report, entitled ‘Digital Health in the UK, National Attitudes and Behaviour Research’, surveyed both those who use digital health apps and those who do not, to provide a wider snapshot of the situation in different UK regions and demographics.
https://htn.co.uk/2021/07/15/orcha-releases-report-into-uk-attitudes-towards-digital-health/
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AI, Medical Education
The impact of artificial intelligence on clinical education: perceptions of postgraduate trainee doctors in London (UK) and recommendations for trainers
Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies are increasingly used in clinical practice. Although there is robust evidence that AI innovations can improve patient care, reduce clinicians’ workload and increase efficiency, their impact on medical training and education remains unclear.
BMC Med Educ 21, 429 (2021). doi: 10.1186/s12909-021-02870-x
Cancer; Drug targeting; Mitochondria; Nanoparticles; Therapy.
Nanotherapeutic approaches to target mitochondria in cancer
Treatment of cancer cells exemplifies a difficult test in the light of challenges associated with the nature of cancer cells and the severe side effects too. After making a large number of trials using both traditional and advanced therapies (immunotherapy and hormone therapy), approaches to design new therapies have reached a saturation level. However, nanotechnology-based approaches exhibit higher efficacy and great potential to bypass many of such therapeutic limitations.
Life Sci 2021 Sep 15;281:119773. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119773.
autoencoder; convolutional neural networks; deep learning; histopathology; machine learning; nephropathology.
Evaluation of Kidney Histological Images Using Unsupervised Deep Learning
Evaluating histopathology via machine learning has gained research and clinical interest, and the performance of supervised learning tasks has been described in various areas of medicine. Unsupervised learning of histological images has the advantage of reproducibility for labeling; however, the relationship between unsupervised evaluation and clinical information remains unclear in nephrology.|
Kidney Int Rep 2021 Jun 24;6(9):2445-2454. doi: 10.1016/j.ekir.2021.06.008.
pelvic schwannoma; prostate cancer; prostatectomy; robot?assisted surgery; schwannoma.
Two cases of pelvic schwannomas simultaneously resected with the prostate by robot-assisted surgery
Schwannoma is a rare benign tumor of peripheral nerves arising from Schwann cells of the ubiquitous nerve sheath. The operative steps and technical aspects of robotic resection of pelvic schwannoma are described herein.
IJU Case Rep 2021 Jun 7;4(5):277-281. doi: 10.1002/iju5.12323.
Augmented reality; Imaging; Mixed reality; Technology.
Applications of augmented reality in the neurosurgical operating room: A systematic review of the literature
Advancements in imaging techniques are key forces of progress in neurosurgery. The importance of accurate visualization of intraoperative anatomy cannot be overemphasized and is commonly delivered through traditional neuronavigation. Augmented Reality (AR) technology has been tested and applied widely in various neurosurgical subspecialties in intraoperative, clinical use and shows promise for the future. This systematic review of the literature explores the ways in which AR technology has been successfully brought into the operating room (OR) and incorporated into clinical practice.
J Clin Neurosci 2021 Sep;91:43-61. doi: 10.1016/j.jocn.2021.06.032.
Artificial intelligence; Body composition; CT scans; Deep learning; Patient risk stratification.
Artificial intelligence to assess body composition on routine abdominal CT scans and predict mortality in pancreatic cancer- A recipe for your local application
Body composition is associated with mortality; however its routine assessment is too time-consuming.|Purpose: To demonstrate the value of artificial intelligence (AI) to extract body composition measures from routine studies, we aimed to develop a fully automated AI approach to measure fat and muscles masses, to validate its clinical discriminatory value, and to provide the code, training data and workflow solutions to facilitate its integration into local practice.
Eur J Radiol 2021 Sep;142:109834. doi: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2021.109834.
Auto-segmentation; Computational fluid dynamics; Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome; Upper-airway morphology.
Diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea with prediction of flow characteristics according to airway morphology automatically extracted from medical images: Computational fluid dynamics and artificial intelligence approach
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is being observed in an increasing number of cases. It can be diagnosed using several methods such as polysomnography.|Objectives: To overcome the challenges of time and cost faced by conventional diagnostic methods, this paper proposes computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and machine-learning approaches that are derived from the upper-airway morphology with automatic segmentation using deep learning.
Comput Methods Programs Biomed 2021 Sep;208:106243. doi: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2021.106243.
Convolutional neural network; Deep learning; GRE; Machine learning; Microhemorrhage; Object detection.
Novel Approaches to Detection of Cerebral Microbleeds: Single Deep Learning Model to Achieve a Balanced Performance
Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) are considered essential indicators for the diagnosis of cerebrovascular disease and cognitive disorders. Traditionally, CMBs are manually interpreted based on criteria including the shape, diameter, and signal characteristics after an MR examination, such as susceptibility-weighted imaging or gradient echo imaging (GRE). In this paper, an efficient method for CMB detection in GRE scans is presented.
J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2021 Sep;30(9):105886. doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2021.105886.
Cross-dataset evaluation; Instance segmentation; Robot-assisted surgery; Surgical instrument segmentation.
Accurate instance segmentation of surgical instruments in robotic surgery: model refinement and cross-dataset evaluation
Purpose: Automatic segmentation of surgical instruments in robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery plays a fundamental role in improving context awareness. In this work, we present an instance segmentation model based on refined Mask R-CNN for accurately segmenting the instruments as well as identifying their types.
Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg 2021 Sep;16(9):1607-1614. doi: 10.1007/s11548-021-02438-6.
Machine learning; Review; Social determinants of health.
A scoping review on the use of machine learning in research on social determinants of health: Trends and research prospects
Background: Machine learning (ML) has spread rapidly from computer science to several disciplines. Given the predictive capacity of ML, it offers new opportunities for health, behavioral, and social scientists. However, it remains unclear how and to what extent ML is being used in studies of social determinants of health (SDH).
SSM Popul Health 2021 Jun 5;15:100836. doi: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2021.100836.
Deep learning; Intra-operative; Neural network; Semantic segmentation.
Real-time deep learning semantic segmentation during intra-operative surgery for 3D augmented reality assistance
Purpose: The current study aimed to propose a Deep Learning (DL) and Augmented Reality (AR) based solution for a in-vivo robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP), to improve the precision of a published work from our group. We implemented a two-steps automatic system to align a 3D virtual ad-hoc model of a patient's organ with its 2D endoscopic image, to assist surgeons during the procedure.
Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg 2021 Sep;16(9):1435-1445. doi: 10.1007/s11548-021-02432-y.
minimally invasive surgery; mitral surgery; obesity; robot-assisted surgery.
Robotic mitral valve operations can be safely performed in obese patients
Introduction: Robotic cardiac surgery offers mitigated risks for obese patients requiring mitral valve surgery. We aimed to study the safety of robotic mitral surgery in the obese patient population by analyzing the outcomes of mitral surgery patients in our center for robotic cardiac surgery.
J Card Surg 2021 Sep;36(9):3126-3130. doi: 10.1111/jocs.15758.
cataracts; genome sequencing; genomics; microphthalmia.
Genome sequencing in congenital cataracts improves diagnostic yield
Congenital cataracts are one of the major causes of childhood-onset blindness around the world. Genetic diagnosis provides benefits through avoidance of unnecessary tests, surveillance of extraocular features, and genetic family information. In this study, we demonstrate the value of genome sequencing in improving diagnostic yield in congenital cataract patients and families.
Hum Mutat 2021 Sep;42(9):1173-1183. doi: 10.1002/humu.24240.
coronary artery bypass; minimally invasive coronary revascularization; national inpatient sample; robotic cardiac surgery.
Outcomes of robotic coronary artery bypass versus nonrobotic coronary artery bypass
Background: Robotic coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) has developed in recent decades, however, prior studies showed conflicting result of robotic CABG compared to nonrobotic CABG in terms of mortality, morbidity, and cost. Herein, we sought to analyze the in-hospital outcomes and health care utilization after robotic CABG compared to nonrobotic CABG, based on data from a nationally representative sample.
J Card Surg 2021 Sep;36(9):3187-3192. doi: 10.1111/jocs.15710.
COVID-19; basic science of dermatology; pandemic.
COVID-19 vaccines and nanomedicine
Background: The COVID-19 virus-induced pandemic has been the deadliest pandemic to have occurred in two generations, besides HIV/AIDS. Epidemiologists predicted that the SARS-Cov 2 pandemic would not be able to be brought under control until a majority of the world's population had been inoculated with safe and effective vaccines. A world-wide effort to expedite vaccine development was successful. Previous research for vaccines to prevent SARS and MERS, also coronaviruses, was vital to this success. Nanotechnology was essential to this vaccine development. Key elements are presented here to better understand the relationship between nanomedicine and the COVID-19 vaccine development.
Int J Dermatol 2021 Sep;60(9):1047-1052. doi: 10.1111/ijd.15673.
Artificial intelligence; biomarker discovery; deep learning; drug repurposing; machine learning; patient stratification; precision medicine; protein design; small molecule design; vaccine design.
Artificial intelligence in early drug discovery enabling precision medicine
Introduction: Precision medicine is the concept of treating diseases based on environmental factors, lifestyles, and molecular profiles of patients. This approach has been found to increase success rates of clinical trials and accelerate drug approvals. However, current precision medicine applications in early drug discovery use only a handful of molecular biomarkers to make decisions, whilst clinics gear up to capture the full molecular landscape of patients in the near future. This deep multi-omics characterization demands new analysis strategies to identify appropriate treatment regimens, which we envision will be pioneered by artificial intelligence.
Expert Opin Drug Discov 2021 Sep;16(9):991-1007. doi: 10.1080/17460441.2021.1918096.
endometriosis; laparoscopy; rectosigmoid endometriosis; robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery; surgical techniques.
Comparison of perioperative outcomes between standard laparoscopic and robot-assisted approach in patients with rectosigmoid endometriosis
Introduction: Robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery (RALS) has gained widespread application in several surgical specialties. Previous studies on the feasibility and safety of RALS vs standard laparoscopy (S-LPS) for rectosigmoid endometriosis are limited and reported conflicting data. This study aims to compare S-LPS and RALS in patients with rectosigmoid endometriosis in terms of perioperative surgical and clinical data.
Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2021 Sep;100(9):1740-1746. doi: 10.1111/aogs.14170.
COVID-19; anatomy; augmented reality; clinical anatomy; education; online; three-dimensional; virtual reality.
Easy three-dimensional scanning technology for anatomy education using a free cellphone app
The COVID-19 pandemic has brought difficult times to anatomy educators and medical/dental students. Under normal circumstances, gross anatomy classes give students opportunities to touch and observe human bones and cadaveric tissues, thus enhancing their understanding; such morphology is difficult to learn from textbooks alone. As many studies have shown, three-dimensional (3D) technologies used in online lectures can serve as alternatives to real specimens for providing knowledge of anatomy. However, such technologies are often expensive. The goal of this study was to create 3D anatomy models for online lectures using a free cellphone app.
Clin Anat 2021 Sep;34(6):910-918. doi: 10.1002/ca.23753
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Happy to help.
If you require the full text of any of the articles mentioned above, or any other assistance, please email bartshealth.library@nhs.net
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