CARBON RANGERS
APRIL 2022
VOLUME 15, NO. 3
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Dear Reader,
 Ukraine and Other Conflicts. We watch transfixed. Mass media swells with growing dismay at the horrors of war. The suffering of the people of Ukraine has dominated world news for the past month. This Ukraine headline has also obscured ongoing conflicts and attendant suffering in Syria, Myanmar, Ethiopia, Yemen, Afghanistan, Mali, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Iraq, Niger, Nigeria, Somalia, South Sudan, the Middle East, and perennially, Haiti - all conflicts being monitored by United Nations agencies as of this month in 2022. These conflicts simmer and burst into our consciousness only periodically for a number of reasons. We have been focused on Ukraine now because it is mostly a European, Western, Great Powers struggle and an existential threat to the planet as it deters global efforts to overcoming the climate crisis. Most ominously, the conflict spiraling into a nuclear exchange remains a low percentage possibility - but not zero. The world will be less safe so long as the fighting continues.
North and South Poles Warm Simultaneously. On March 29 , Thomas Friedman in the New York Times: Simultaneous extreme heat waves gripped part of Antarctica this month, driving temperatures there to 70 degrees Fahrenheit warmer than the average for this time of year, and areas of the Arctic, making them more than 50 degrees warmer than average... “They are opposite seasons — you don’t see the North and the South (Poles) both melting at the same time,” Walter Meier, a researcher with the National Snow and Ice Data Center, recently told The Associated Press. “It’s definitely an unusual occurrence.” And last Friday, no surprise, scientists announced that an ice shelf the size of New York City had collapsed in East Antarctica at the beginning of this freakish warm spell. Climate Change continues to accelerate.
Heads and Hearts. This edition of Carbon Rangers takes a look at the climate crisis implications of the Ukraine invasion by Russia and how the world is responding  regarding our climate emergency. Katharine Hayhoe (photo) has first position today in the banner at the top here. Heads and hearts must be engaged together. I paraphrase Robinson Meyer writing in the Atlantic: Climate activists remain correct in their essential diagnosis: In order to avoid catastrophic changes to the climate system, most undrilled fossil fuels must remain in the ground. But in this crisis and for the next few years, climate policy will require a subtler hand than advocates have been used to providing. It means that the U.S. must make strategic investments to increase grappling with the energy system as it exists today—which is fossil-fuel-dependent—not because fossil fuels have inherent value but because only by understanding the current situation can the U.S. plan for the future. Putin’s war has all but ensured that the path to decarbonization will not be a straight line. But if advocates navigate this moment carefully, then the U.S. and the EU can find a shortcut, not a detour.
Africa continues to face climate induced challenges but some forecasts show rains are coming to East Africa in the coming months. Millions will still lack food security. India has stayed on a path of subsidizing the coal industry and will not meet its climate goals on the current trajectory.
Some of the arguments below from Bill McKibben, Kendra Pierre-Louis, and others will challenge the rightness of the Meyer analysis. Kendra' s book Green Washed: Why We Can't Buy Our Way to a Green Planet asks the question: Can we as a society dependent on constantly consuming ever be content with buying less? Clearly the largest banks and the largest fossil fuel corporations have outsize influence on US energy policy and these decisions impact the rest of the planet. In the USA, some reports are calling  for a Big Oil windfall profits tax to provide relief to consumers from rising gas prices and prevent fossil fuel corporations from exploiting the current energy crisis for profit. Big Oil made
Photo: Kendra Pierre Louis
over $174 billion in profits last year and they are now raking in record profits because of the current energy crisis. Whatever the path forward it will be essential to keep working to end fossil fuel addiction everywhere. And that requires everyone to be hopeful, in the spirit of this comment from David Orr: “Hope is a verb with its sleeves rolled up."
Cordially,
Br. Kevin
Here is a link for further reading:http://edmundriceinternational.org/jpic/
Pope Francis and Thomas Berry have the last word below.
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Ukraine Outrage: Path Forward on Climate Crisis?
John Vidal (The Guardian March 26, Excerpts from the Interview)
 Energy Conservation. Amory Lovins sees Vladimir Putin’s war in Ukraine as an outrage, but possibly also a step towards solving the climate crisis and a way to save trillions of dollars. “He has managed to bring about all the outcomes that he most feared, but he may inadvertently have put the energy transition and climate solutions into a higher gear. Whether or not we end up in a recession because of the disruption, [Putin’s war] may prove to be a great thing for climate economics.”
... Nicknamed the “Einstein of energy efficiency”, Lovins, an adjunct professor of civil and environmental engineering at Stanford University, has been one of the world’s leading advocates and innovators of energy conservation for 50 years. He wrote his first paper on climate change while at Oxford in 1968, and in 1976 he offered Jimmy Carter’s government a blueprint for how to triple energy efficiency and get off oil and coal within 40 years. In the years since there is barely a major industry or government that he and his Rocky Mountain Institute have not advised.
As it happens, Lovins has family connections to Ukraine: all four of his grandparents were early 20th-century immigrants from small villages between Kyiv and Odesa. He has one relative left there; the rest, as far as he knows, were murdered in the 1941 massacre of Tarashcha, when a Jewish population of nearly 14,000 was slaughtered by the Nazis, leaving just 11 people who happened to be off in the woods gathering mushrooms that day.
“Solar and wind are now the cheapest bulk power sources in 91% of the world, and the UN’s International Energy Agency (IEA) expects renewables to generate 90% of all new power in the coming years. The energy revolution has happened. Sorry if you missed it,” he says.
Nuclear Not the Solution. But just as with the 1970s oil shocks, the problem today is not where to find energy but how to use it better, he says. The answer is what he calls “integrative, or whole-system, design,” a way to employ orthodox engineering to achieve radically more energy-efficient results by changing the design logic. The most energy-inefficient design of all, he says, may be nuclear power, which is heavily subsidised, costly and pushed by a politically powerful lobby. Using it to address shortages of electricity or to counter climate change, he argues, is like offering starving people rice and caviar when it’s far cheaper and easier to give just rice. “When you have a climate and energy emergency, like now, you need to invest judiciously, not indiscriminately, to buy the most efficient solution. Far better to deploy fast, inexpensive and sure technologies like wind or solar than one that is slow to build, speculative and very costly. Anything else makes climate change worse than it needs to be.”
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Reducing Our Reliance on Oil Will Increase Our Quality of Life
Kate Aronoff TNR
 Cutting Oil Use Possible. “Demand destruction” —as in destroying demand for their products— refers to what happens when prices get so high that people become unwilling to keep paying for oil and gas - can also translate into a more pleasant quality of life. Last week, the hardly radical International Energy Agency—a group founded by Henry Kissinger as oil consuming countries’ counterweight to the producers’ alliance OPEC—released a 10-point list of suggestions for cutting oil use in the wake of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. It used the gentler term “demand restraint” rather than “demand destruction,” leaving open the polluter-friendly possibility that demand could surge back. ...Though the White House has touted the Bipartisan Infrastructure Package as an engine of decarbonization, its outsize spending for highway expansion (see next section on cars) may well outweigh the climate benefits of its comparatively meager low-carbon line items. Much like an oil pipeline, new highways lock in emissions for decades, inducing demand for new cars to fill them up.
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Private Cars: Early Observer Spots Big Oil Strategy
 Cars and Fossil Fuels. The proliferation of private car transit, the Austrian philosopher André Gorz noted in 1973, was one of the oil industry’s most ingenious innovations:
If people could be induced to travel in cars, they could be sold the fuel necessary to move them. For the first time in history, people would become dependent for their locomotion on a commercial source of energy. There would be as many customers for the oil industry as there were motorists—and since there would be as many motorists as there were families, the entire population would become the oil merchants’ customers. The dream of every capitalist was about to come true. Everyone was going to depend for their daily needs on a commodity that a single industry held as a monopoly.
Myth of Energy Independence. The same corporations that have pushed the myth of American energy independence since the 1970s are the ones that have made daily life here utterly dependent on a volatile global commodity, tying the cost someone pays to get to work in Omaha to whether Russia cuts off a pipeline transiting crude oil from Kazakhstan to the Black Sea.
Reduce Energy Consumption. The shortened workweek cuts emissions partly by reducing commuting time but also by reducing energy use from offices. In the heat of summer and dead of winter, not having to keep office buildings at 70 degrees can generate enormous energy savings. Lighting, heating, cooling, and operating appliances in buildings—including commercial and residential properties—account for nearly 40 percent of U.S. emissions. Buildings produce an astounding 70 percent of New York City’s emissions. Massive building upgrades, like New York’s Local Law 97, can both cut down energy use and create tens of thousands of jobs for union workers.
If SUVs were a country, the IEA has found that it’d be the sixth-largest-emitting country on the planet.
Absurdly, fossil fuel companies have been broadcasting climate plans that simply make their emissions disappear. ... Evidence for that isn’t exactly promising: Exxon, a study from the U.K. think tank Common Wealth recently found, invested just 0.16 percent of its 2021 capital expenditure in such things as technological solutions to carbon emission.
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International Energy Agency Offers Plan
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Bill McKibben: Banks and Fossil Fuels Get Their Wish
 Administration Misstep. On March 25 the White House announced a new plan for European energy security. It is, I think, the first serious misstep in the administration’s truly remarkable handling of the war—at first blush it seems to basically follow the wishlist of American fossil fuel providers and their bankers. Most importantly, it pledges that “the European Commission will work with the governments of EU Member States to accelerate their regulatory procedures to review and determine approvals for Liquid Natural Gas import infrastructure.” LNG is liquefied natural gas, which lots of American frackers want to sell; it’s always been the Democrat’s energy weakness. And it’s precisely what the biggest of the energy lenders—Chase Bank—demanded earlier this week. Chase CEO Jamie Dimon in a meeting with the White House earlier this week called for a “new Marshall Plan” on energy. Its first two points, according to a CNN source, were “increasing natural gas production in an environmentally responsible way, building additional liquefied natural gas facilities in Europe.”
Remember—this is the bank that has lent more money to the fossil fuel industry than any other, trying to profit off the end of the world. It’s the bank that—until campaigners forced him out two years ago—had as its lead director former Exxon CEO Lee Raymond, a father of climate denial. It’s the Doomsday Bank. Chase has long been the house bank for Exxon, and as the Times reminds us, it was back in the 1980s that Exxon and its allies did all they could to get Europe hooked on Russian gas.
Banks Call for New LNG Infrastructure. Chase’s new advocacy for LNG just drives the point home. In the last week we’ve learned that natural gas production leaks even more climate-wrecking than methane than previously thought. The study, by researchers at Stanford University, estimates that oil and gas operations in New Mexico’s Permian Basin are releasing 194 metric tons per hour of methane, a planet-warming gas many times more potent than carbon dioxide. That is more than six times as much as the latest estimate from the Environmental Protection Agency. And that’s just from the drilling. Now try chilling it, putting it on a boat to Europe, heating it back up, and piping it across another continent.
...The White House plan does include some language about renewables and efficiency, but it doesn’t come with the hard numbers that were attached to the LNG portions of the plan... But for the moment it appears that the administration is going with the path of least resistance, and bowing to Big Banking and Big Oil.
This is a terrible mistake, perhaps an epochal one. As research makes clear, a concerted clean energy push in Europe could wean it off most Russian gas by 2025. Instead we seem likely to lock in a generation’s worth of new infrastructure on either side of the Atlantic. And to waste what may be our last decision point on energy this decade—the decade that scientists have assured us will be decisive one way or another.
New LNG Infrastructure A Death Sentence. As Collin Rees at Oil Change International put it: Today’s announcement was lacking in detail, but the facts are clear: New LNG infrastructure is a death sentence for the planet. It would take years to build and would operate for decades, far beyond a timeline compatible with meeting climate goals. Ending the fossil fuel era as quickly as possible is the only path to achieve true energy security. Europe doesn’t need more LNG import capacity — it can meet immediate needs with existing infrastructure and shift rapidly to reduce gas demand and ramp up clean energy. Boosting LNG exports from the U.S. would serve only to tether Western economies to a volatile commodity that’s driving conflict, killing the planet, and harming communities.
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History: Fossil Fuel Industry Sent $100 Billion to Russia After Annexation of Crimea - Global Witness
BP Leads All. Oil and gas projects backed by just eight such companies paid an estimated $100 billion to Russia following its annexation of Crimea in 2014. Just one company, BP, makes up a staggering $79 billion of this, by our calculations.
 The fossil fuel industry is Putin’s biggest earner and it’s these funds that have given both the revenue and legitimacy to Putin’s war drive and carry out his atrocities in Ukraine. Companies that continued to do business with Russia in spite of the Crimean invasion, were supporting the money pouring into his war chest and should surely be questioning whether they now have Ukrainian blood on their hands.
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Climate Goals a Victim of Russia Invasion? NYT 3/26/22
New Infrastructure A Threat . Replacing Russian piped gas with L.N.G. right now isn’t necessarily a big climate problem. The worry is that, if new gas pipelines and terminals get built, they’ll be used for a long time, making it all but impossible to slow down global warming. “I’m very worried our climate goals may be another victim of Russia’s aggression,” Fatih Birol, the head of the International Energy Agency, said this week in Paris at a meeting of energy ministers from around the world. That meeting, Birol said, was supposed to be devoted  to a discussion of the global energy transition away from fossil fuels. Instead, it was punctuated with discussions about how to increase production of fossil fuels to help Europe wean itself from Russian energy. The agency has said no new oil and gas fields should be developed starting this year if the world is to avert the worst effects of climate change.
EU Ambition... The European Union has one of the world’s most ambitious climate targets: By law, it’s required to cut greenhouse gas emissions across the 27-nation bloc by 55 percent by 2030. Europe had counted on using gas to pivot away from coal and reach its climate goals long before the Russian invasion of Ukraine. The biggest share of that gas came from Russia.
Renewables Without New Infrastructure. Now, as the European Commission seeks to reduce Russian gas imports, it has proposed to ramp up renewable energy sources, to reduce energy demand by insulating leaky old buildings, to install heat pumps. All those things could very well hasten Europe’s transition to clean energy. Renewables could replace two-thirds of Russian gas imports by 2025, one European think tank, the Regulatory Assistance Project, argued in an analysis this week. The rest could be replaced with gas other than from Russia without building new gas infrastructure.
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UN Report -East Africa: Rains Forecast But Drought Impacts Will Remain for Months
 After almost two years of drought in most parts of eastern Africa, heavy rains could be experienced in the next three months. Indeed, a wetter than normal season is forecast in the southern to central parts of the region, particularly southern, central and northern Tanzania, eastern Uganda, northern Burundi, eastern Rwanda, southern and western Kenya, eastern South Sudan and a few localities in southern and south-eastern Ethiopia, and southern and northern Somalia.
Some Areas to Receive Less Rainfall. However, western South Sudan, and central and north-eastern Ethiopia are likely to receive less than usual rainfall. Warmer than usual temperature conditions could also be recorded in southern Tanzania, most of Kenya, Ethiopia, Djibouti, Eritrea, and northern Sudan. It is important to note that the climate drivers that influence the MAM rainfall season are not well defined, hence difficult to predict. Generally, the rains are expected to start on time over most parts of the region, except over parts of north-western Uganda and northern Burundi where the onset is likely to be delayed.
Similar Conditions to 2010 Famine. In parts of the region worst-hit by drought, the current trends are comparable to those observed during the 2010-2011 famine and 2016-2017 drought emergency. Looking ahead, it is likely that the situation in the affected areas will intensify through the transition period (2022 MarchMay rainfall season). The situation thereafter will be informed by the season’s performance. However, considering the high livestock offtake and deaths reported so far and that the MAM harvests start around July, it is worth noting that any positive impacts will be realized much later.
Food Insecurity. Approximately 12 to 14 million people remain highly food insecure in Ethiopia, Kenya, and Somalia. In view of these grim realities, humanitarian and risk reduction efforts must be scaled up urgently, primarily by the respective national governments, humanitarian actors, and development partners. IGAD Link is here.
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India: COVID and Coal Subsidies Curb Progress on Climate
Climate Action Tracker (CAT) Report. India has been severely impacted by COVID 19 during the second wave in the first half of 2021, which has further reduced the resilience of climate change vulnerable populations already at risk of displacement by storms, floods, droughts and other climate disasters.
Large Stimulus. The Indian government has responded to the economic crisis by unveiling one of the largest stimulus packages in the world, equating to a share of around 11% of the country’s GDP in 2019. India’s overall COVID recovery stimulus package mainly supports activities related to industries likely to have a large negative impact on the environment by, for example, increasing the use of fossil fuels, and unsustainable land use.
More Battery and Solar Power. However, India’s most recent stimulus (2021) is more climate-friendly, with two-thirds of the resources targeted towards a green recovery, including roughly USD 3bn in battery development and solar PV. While the additional stimulus is a positive step, India continues to support coal, with fresh loans to a number of thermal power projects, undermining a green recovery.
Pandemic Slowed Emissions. CAT analysis shows emissions to 2030 will rise less than in pre-COVID 19 projections, mainly because of the pandemic’s impact on the economy. India is continuing to expand its coal capacity, as a number of projects are under construction and several others have been announced, despite the utilisation rate of coal power plants falling. This risks profitability and stranded assets.
 Based on current coal expansion plans, India’s coal capacity would increase from current levels of over 200 GW to almost 266 GW by 2029-2030, with 35 GW expected to come online in the next five years: an increase of 17.5% in coal capacity. India’s coal-fired power plant pipeline is the second largest in the world and is one of the few to have increased since 2015. A recent move to increase domestic coal production has opened coal mining to private investors, risking a fossil fuel lock-in as well as harm to areas of ecological significance. To get on a 1.5°C emissions pathway, it is important for India to phase out old, high-capacity power plants with lower efficiency and higher emissions, and stop any new coal capacity additions.
Coal Subsidies Higher Than Renewal Subsidies. India provides subsidies for both fossil fuels and renewable energy, including direct subsidies, fiscal incentives, price regulation and other government support. While coal subsidies in absolute terms have remained largely unchanged since 2017, they are still approximately 35% higher than subsidies for renewables. India needs to provide price support, in the form of feed-in-tariffs, and the transfer of subsidies from fossil to non-fossil sources could be an important driver of higher penetration of renewables in energy mix.
Climate Targets Highly Insufficient. The CAT rates India’s climate targets and policies as “Highly Insufficient,” indicating that India’s climate policies and commitments are not consistent with the Paris Agreement’s 1.5°C temperature limit. Under India’s current targets and policies, emissions will continue to rise and are consistent with 4°C or more of warming when compared to a modelled domestic emissions pathway. India’s policies and action would result in overachieving its targets, but still only in line with 2°C warming when compared to its fair share contribution to climate action. Link to Climate Action Tracker.
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Jon Stewart Interview
March 20, 2022 in Drilled (Amy Westervelt)
MYTH: Oil Is Progress.
 The American Petroleum Institute has been telling this story for about 150 years: Oil enables progress, it is the basis of the American dream and the fuel of all our success over the past century. Oil companies successfully argued this point a few years back in a San Francisco court as well. Chevron's attorney, Ted Boutrous, speaking on behalf of all the oil company plaintiffs, argued that asking the courts to hold oil companies responsible for their role in climate change was akin to "challenging the way human civilization has developed to this date," and then he laid the blame at the feet of consumers, arguing that there's no evidence consumers would have changed their behavior had oil companies been truthful about climate change back in the 1980s.
In his climate segment, Jon Stewart parroted this talking point as well, noting: “Fossil fuels have been the engine of progress over the last 100 years, we are as addicted to them as they are to us,” and “Fossil fuels power our comfort and convenience and the fact that they lead to impending doom probably won’t get us to change our ways.”
Super weird point to make after just debunking the idea that climate change can be solved by small shifts in consumer decisions. Here’s the thing: it’s not oil (or gas or coal) that enabled all that growth and development, it’s affordable energy. And part of what made fossil fuels affordable for a century is that their actual cost—including in the form of climate change—has been pawned off onto the public. ALSO, the "progress" and comfort that Stewart describes Americans as enjoying? Um, not all Americans! More than 13 percent of Americans live in poverty as of 2021; that's more than 40 million people, many of which do not have any of the comforts Stewart describes
MYTH: Fossil Fuel Addiction is Human Nature
Stewart cites the pandemic as an example of the fact that Americans refuse to do what's best for the collective--it's true, this is a fatal flaw in our society, one I've researched and written about extensively, but it's not "human nature." It's a mentality pretty unique to America and for some specific reasons that Stewart never even gets close to naming. Also guess what, turns out human societies, including even here in the U.S., managed to balance long- and short-term with nuclear energy just fine. (In fact some would argue that long-term thinking has dominated the regulatory approach to that energy source.) So we know it’s possible. The other thing this argument does is go along with the fossil fuel industry’s favorite story, that it simply supplies a demand. That we want what it’s selling and it is just obliging us. Again, there is a mountain of evidence to the contrary. In the 1970s when the Arab oil embargo constrained oil supplies in the U.S., Americans got very good at conserving energy, very quickly.
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Good News: Podcast Suggestion
HOW TO SAVE A PLANET
https://gimletmedia.com/shows/howtosaveaplanet/episodes
 Climate change. We know. It can feel too overwhelming. But what if there was a show about climate change that left you feeling... energized? One so filled with possibility that you actually wanted to listen? Join us, journalist Alex Blumberg and a crew of climate nerds, as we bring you smart, inspiring stories about the mess we're in and how we can get ourselves out of it.
Check out our Calls to Action archive here for all of the actions we've recommended on the show. Send us your ideas or feedback with our Listener Mail Form. And follow us on Twitter and Instagram.
How to Save a Planet is reported and produced by Kendra Pierre-Louis, Rachel Waldholz, Anna Ladd, Daniel Ackerman, and Hannah Chinn.
Good News: Braiding Sweetgrass
Braiding Sweetgrass by Robin Wall Kimmerer
Science and the Sacred. As a botanist, Robin Wall Kimmerer has been trained to ask questions of nature with the tools of science. As a member of the Citizen Potawatomi Nation, she embraces the notion that plants and animals are our oldest teachers. In Braiding Sweetgrass, Kimmerer brings these two lenses of knowledge together to take us on “a journey that is every bit as mythic as it is scientific, as sacred as it is historical, as clever as it is wise” (Elizabeth Gilbert).
 Female and Indigenous. Drawing on her life as an indigenous scientist, and as a woman, Kimmerer shows how other living beings—asters and goldenrod, strawberries and squash, salamanders, algae, and sweetgrass—offer us gifts and lessons, even if we've forgotten how to hear their voices. In reflections that range from the creation of Turtle Island to the forces that threaten its flourishing today, she circles toward a central argument: that the awakening of ecological consciousness requires the acknowledgment and celebration of our reciprocal relationship with the rest of the living world. For only when we can hear the languages of other beings will we be capable of understanding the generosity of the earth, and learn to give our own gifts in return.
Good News: Rights of Nature Embraced Chile and Panama embrace rights of nature. In February 2022, Panama made it mandatory to respect and protect nature's right to "exist, persist, and regenerate its life cycles."
In March 2022, Chile's Constitutional Assembly approved the addition of  a rights-of-nature amendment to the country's Constitution.
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Pope Francis
From Laudato Si:
 ...Yet a number of scientific studies indicate that most global warming in recent decades is due to the great concentration of greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide, methane, nitrogen oxides and others) released mainly as a result of human activity. Concentrated in the atmosphere, these gases do not allow the warmth of the sun’s rays reflected on the earth to be dispersed in space. The problem is aggravated by a model of development based on the intensive use of fossil fuels, which is at the heart of the worldwide energy system. Another determining factor has been an increase in changed uses of the soil, principally deforestation for agricultural purposes.
...Warming has effects on the carbon cycle. It creates a vicious circle which aggravates the situation even more, affecting the availability of essential resources like drinking water, energy and agricultural production in warmer regions, and leading to the extinction of part of the planet’s biodiversity. The melting in the polar ice caps and in high altitude plains can lead to the dangerous release of methane gas, while the decomposition of frozen organic material can further increase the emission of carbon dioxide. Things are made worse by the loss of tropical forests which would otherwise help to mitigate climate change. Carbon dioxide pollution increases the acidification of the oceans and compromises the marine food chain. If present trends continue, this century may well witness extraordinary climate change and an unprecedented destruction of ecosystems, with serious consequences for all of us. (LS 23-24)
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 Thomas Berry 1914-2009
Our main source of psychic energy in the future will depend on our ability to understand this symbol of evolution in an acceptable context of interpretation. Only in the context of an emergent universe will the human project come to an integral understanding of itself. We must, however, come to experience the universe in its psychic as well as in its physical aspect. We need to experience the sequence of evolutionary transformations as moments of grace, and also as celebration moments in our new experience of the sacred.
Thomas Berry: The Great Work: Our Way into the Future, Page: 170
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