Winter-growing succulents are coming into life and strutting their stuff and the Christmas cacti are in bud with me here, so I have got something to look forward to even though I don't venture out into the greenhouse so often these days in the wind and rain. The other bit of good news is that volunteers are stepping forward and keeping the BCSS going - in particular I thank Jennie May who has taken over laying out this issue of eNews and will hopefully continue to do so. In the meantime we have this eNews which has information about November's Zoom meetings, the next best thing to a Branch meeting. There are also articles about growing on windowsills. Tom Radford delights in his Ceropegia flowers and Graham Charles continues with his musings. The Shows Committee reports on their plans and introduces the latest edition of the Handbook of Shows. This is your free regular monthly platform where you can announce your activities, so send any newsworthy items to the email at the bottom of this section.
The CactusWorld Editor is always looking for contributions to 'In my Greenhouse' (contact Editor for more information), as well as other articles, so do take some photos of your flowering cacti and succulents and write about any aspect of growing cacti and succulents.
I look forward to receiving your articles for eNews on any matters of interest to members, especially for the ‘Favourite things’ feature, but any cactus or succulent-related pieces would be especially appreciated over the coming months, as would photos of favourite plants with a paragraph or two explaining why they are so fantastic. Articles can be any length from a paragraph or two to around 900 words. Longer articles are more suited to CactusWorld. Please submit items of interest to enews@bcss.org.uk
CactusWorld LIVE – Online talks for NOVEMBER
The BCSS continues with the weekly online talks and this month we again have a fantastic line-up of speakers to educate and entertain us with various aspects of our wonderful hobby. I do hope that you can attend and if you have time please stay on after the talk for the usual informal chat which helps me understand what you want from the BCSS in the future. Please contact me, Ian Thwaites, by email at CHAIRMAN, if you would like to offer to give future talks or are able to recommend any top-class speakers.
The meetings are open to all so please spread the word and encourage more members (and anyone else) to join in. These talks are NOT recorded and many of the lectures are one off ‘specials’ so there will not be another chance to experience the talk.
John Arnold: I became interested in succulent plants, mainly cacti, about the age of eight. I joined the National Cactus and Succulent Society, one of the forerunners of the BCSS, in the early 1960s, the American Society in 1964 and the German Society in 1972, and I value the connection with other societies. I am a past chairman of the BCSS (seven years in post) and have been a trustee for 30 years or so. I am chairman of the Conservation Committee and organised the two most recent BCSS International Conventions. My main interest is South American cacti like Matucana, Cleistocactus and Borzicactus, although I do have a general interest. I had, like many, been drawn to the genus Melocactus by seeing the pretty ubiquitous Melocactus matanzanus, a wonderful small species of fairly easy culture, particularly bearing in mind from where it hails. I first put together a talk on this subject in the late 1970s after meeting my good friend David Rushforth at a Chileans Meeting. It was a time when some plants were coming from habitat which, fortunately, is no longer the case. The presentation is based upon plants in cultivation as I although have seen some Melocactus in habitat, I have not seen any Discocactus. Topic: Alan Rollason - Probably the Best Haworthia Collection in the World
Time: Tuesday 10 November 2020 at 7:30 PM (GMT) Meeting ID: 880 9870 4418 Passcode: bcss Join Zoom Meetinghttps://us02web.zoom.us/j/88098704418?pwd=YW9NRUFJWHVvdjU2N3JLcjNnSUQvQT09
Alan Rollason: I originally joined the Society back in 1976 after visiting a Birmingham Branch Show held in a school in Yardley, Birmingham one Saturday afternoon. Got talking to the then Secretary Doug Mackie about a very strange looking large plant called Haworthia truncata. I was soon hooked, and was quickly co-opted onto the committee of the Birmingham Branch of the then National Cactus and Succulent Society; the rest as they say is history. I was an early member of the Haworthia Society formed by Allan Akers, originally being asked to illustrate the covers of Society News Letter. Then I attended both Haworthia Society Conventions held in the Yorkshire Dales (great memories), plus all of the Haworthia Conventions since. I have been a committee member of the Haworthia Society on and off for many years, recently standing down as Chairman after nine years in office. As you might have guessed my collection extensively consists of Haworthia and Gasteria with a smattering of other succulents. This talk is from a visit I made to South Africa with my very good friend Jakub when we visited Gerhard Marx’s home and collection. Topic: Marco Cristini - The Aeoniums of the Canary Islands Time: Tuesday 17 November 2020 at 7:30 PM (GMT) Meeting ID: 848 9950 7667 Passcode: bcss Join Zoom Meetinghttps://us02web.zoom.us/j/84899507667?pwd=aUFFL2dGS2hST3ZoWVVsSDY0dFFGdz09 Marco Cristini: Aeoniums are among the most interesting succulents growing on the Canary Islands. Widespread in almost every habitat, they grow even on roofs and walls and their yellow or white flowers can cover whole hillsides. A brief overview of a few species and their habitats is the best way to appreciate the variety of shapes and colours in this genus, as well as the beauty of the Canary Islands. Marco Cristini is 28 years old and has been growing succulents, above all Crassulaceae, for almost 15 years. He is a member of the editorial board of Piante Grasse, the journal of the Italian Cactus and Succulent Society (AIAS), and has written articles about succulents in Italian, English and German. He has visited all the Canary Islands with the exception of Lanzarote and Fuerteventura; he is writing a monograph on the genus Aeonium. Apart from succulents, he has a PhD in Classics (History of Late Antiquity) and now works on a research project funded by the Italian government. Topic: Guillermo Rivera - ARGENTINA: An exploratory trip to north-western Argentina
Time: Tuesday 24 November 2020 at 7:30 PM (GMT) Meeting ID: 884 0194 9661 Passcode: bcss Join Zoom Meetinghttps://us02web.zoom.us/j/88401949661?pwd=K0FKR2prQ1dFeGVZWVRYenRhbFMvdz09
The presentation will cover the habitats of several provinces from central and north-western Argentina, from salt flats to high elevation Puna habitats. Gymnocalycium, Echinopsis and Parodia among many other cacti will be well represented, as well as some bromeliads and some wildlife. This presentation is more than simply a travelogue as it addresses the importance of habitat knowledge in order to determine the validity of plant names and the issue of ‘too many names for the same plant’. Diversity and variability of plants in habitat within populations and between populations will be addressed, and the importance of habitat knowledge will be discussed and its significance in plant taxonomy.
Guillermo Rivera: Born in Argentina. Owner of the company PLANT EXPEDITIONS (formerly South America Nature Tours) dedicated to the organization of tours for the last 20 years, throughout South America (Chile, Argentina, Brazil, Peru, Colombia, Bolivia, Ecuador), Mexico and South Africa, Madagascar, and Namibia, with an emphasis on plants: bromeliads, orchids, cacti, and other succulents. He is a former researcher at the University of Cordoba, Argentina, and holds a BSc degree in Biology University of Cordoba, MSc in Marine Biology, Northeastern University, and a PhD in Botany at the University of Cordoba.
For 2021 we are planning the following plant adventures to these countries: Baja California, Namibia, Ecuador, South Africa, Madagascar, and Argentina/Chile. If you wish to be kept informed about our future trips, please send email to Guillermo atinfo@plantexpeditions.com or plantexpeditions@gmail.com or visit website:www.plantexpeditions.com
IMPORTANT: You must either enter the unique Meeting ID or follow the link above
We now have a link for the Zoom talks on the BCSS website, so why not click on this and save that web page to your favourites/bookmarks so that you can see what the talks are even if you accidentally delete this eNews: https://tinyurl.com/CWLOnlineTalks
PUT THESE DATES IN YOUR DIARY NOW!
John Arnold - Melocactus and Discocactus
Alan Rollason - Probably the best Haworthia collection in the world
Marco Cristini - Aeoniums of the Canary Islands
Guillermo Rivera - Argentina
BCSS SHOWS COMMITTEE NEWS
The Shows Committee would like to thank the two members who have stepped down from the Committee this year, Barry Tibbetts and Rick Gillman. Barry served on the committee for 13 years and more details of his contribution will be included in our CactusWorld news item in the December journal. Rick joined the committee in 2017 and played an active role in the Committee throughout his period of office, especially in the running of the Showing and Judging Weekends. He took over the administration of the National Show trophies when Eddy Harris resigned and is currently still holding them on behalf of the Committee. Rick had decided that he would leave the Committee after the 2020 National Show and resigned in March 2020 when it became clear that the National would not be held this year.
At our September meeting, we elected Bill Darbon as our new Chairman and Board of Trustees representative and Hazel Taylor as Secretary. Other officer roles remain the same as before.
Would you like to join the Committee or be involved in its work?
We are looking to recruit a new member to join us (you currently need to be a qualified judge). The Committee would also like to hear from any volunteer who would be willing to assist with our Social Media engagement, as that is an area where we do not currently have very much expertise. You would not have to be a qualified judge to be an associate of the Committee to help us with this. Enquiries to Hazel Taylor at hazeltaylorcs@outlook.com.
Showing and Judging Weekend 2021
As previously advertised, we have scheduled a Showing and Judging weekend (formerly the Judges’ Course) for 10-11 July 2021, at the Hilton Hotel, Leicester. There will be a booking form in the December CactusWorld, but if you want to express interest now, we will be pleased to hear from you. Enquiries to Bill Darbon at william.darbon77@btinternet.com
We welcome any feedback and suggestions that you may have for us on the work of the Committee, so please contact our Secretary, Hazel Taylor at hazeltaylorcs@outlook.com
Close-up of flowers - Ceropegia ampliata
Ceropegia ampliata
In 1976 I was working in Copenhagen for a few weeks and at the time the only book on the succulents I was interested in was by Hermann Jacobsen who was at Kiel University in Germany, so one weekend I travelled to see his collection. It was early September and although the general collection was not particularly good there was an excellent collection of Asclepiads all bedded out with most of them in flower (see photo: Asclepiadsat Kiel). It was there that I first came across the large flowering variety of Ceropegia ampliata, which was spreading across the greenhouse, out of control, but with beautiful flowers (see photo: Close-up of flowers).
It was not until 1990 that I managed to get an unrooted cutting on a visit to the nursery of Cok Grootscholten in Holland. It easily rooted up in coarse horticultural grit. It has large fleshy roots and grows very quickly into a large trailing plant if not controlled. I now keep it in a 6-inch pot, and it flowers each year on new growth much of which comes from near the base of the plant. Some of the older growth will continue to grow but after time they start to show signs of age and the growing tip dies off. New growth can start anywhere on the old branches and so if not controlled can spread all over the greenhouse in a very short time. The stems are quite flexible however and can easily be arranged on a framework (see photo: Ceropegia ampliata). This plant was heavily pruned and repotted in early June.
I repot the plant every two or three years, depending on growth, once the plant is back in growth in the late spring. After taking the plant out of the pot and laying it on a flat surface I unravel the various stems from the frame and prune off most of the older stems and some of the newer growth if I think there is too much. After carefully repotting in an open compost I rearrange the plant stems on the frame at the back of the pot. The stems can easily be wound in circles if necessary.
The pruning material can be cut into pieces about 75–100mm long, although 25mm cuttings will often root. I root the cuttings in dust free absorbent granules and keep them in an open propagator with a little bottom heat. They will soon root and if the cutting has a growing tip it will continue to grow. Blind cuttings from older stems will send up a new shoot from the roots (see photo: Ceropegia ampliata cutting after 18 months). The photo shows the original cutting, the brownish stem on the left, with the new plant that has grown from the base of the cutting and is now about to flower in less than 18 months.
Tom Radford
Ceropegia ampliata
Asclepiads at Kiel 1976
Ceropegia ampliata cutting at 16 months
Avery Hill Winter Gardens
Back in June 2020, Serena Lovelace wrote: The gardens of this historic building houses some good plants - succulents and trees. However, they’re rather sparse now, and not cared for with the attention they deserve. Several years ago the glasshouse was closed for some months, and mostly emptied, for urgent repairs. Before that, things were different. The beds were fully planted giving a truly tropical feel, and the resident plants flourished.
It would be wonderful if the Society or its members could assist with an offer of advice, practical assistance, organisational expertise or plant donations. Many local people would be delighted to see the planting restored and may be pleased to help, too.
In August 2020, she further reported that the situation was as follows: The entire site comprises of a public park, the Mansion with a range of ancillary buildings, and the Winter Garden glasshouse. All the buildings are currently owned by the University of Greenwich. The University has seen the Winter Garden as something of a millstone, and now it wishes to realise capital on its holdings at Avery Hill by their sale to Harris Academy. A planning application is soon to be presented to the Council (Royal Borough of Greenwich, or RBG) by Harris Academy.
They intend to demolish all except the historic or protected buildings and rebuild for a large, new school. The planning application is likely to be supported in principle by RBG and local people have only relatively minor objections.
When Harris Academy takes over, the Winter Garden will revert to the ownership of RBG. Where it adjoins the Park there is some ornamental planting. It would be natural for the Council’s Parks Department to take over maintenance.
By agreement between RBG and the University, some of the sale price will be allocated for a complete renovation of the Winter Garden. The glasshouse will be placed into a trust to ensure future maintenance and public access. RBG is expected to evolve a business plan and it’s hoped that this will include some voluntary gardening effort.
Bromley Branch and BCSS: Our members, including John Pilbeam, have shown interest. Some have visited the Winter Garden in the past. One has some documentary archive material. However, my feeling is that if, with BCSS support, we can get the project up and running, local members will then want to get involved. Once relationships are forged, regular updates are given, volunteer gardening days are agreed, etc, people will naturally take an interest.
My vision is:
- a superbly planted public, all-weather garden in an impressive, restored building.
- an educational resource, comprising information boards about plants, their history and geography, along with audio visual displays and lectures.
- a flagship recruiting centre for new BCSS members - some of whom may be willing to help with the project.
- a bricks and mortar HQ for the BCSS. For my own part, I'd love to see this dream come true. (And I have a huge Albuca bracteata to offer!)
The latest news in October 2020: I’m pleased to inform you that Greenwich Council has this evening granted planning permission for the development I’ve previously described. This decision opens a clear path to the restoration of the Winter Garden. I attended the meeting remotely and heard both councillors and members of the public state their desire to ensure this happens.
If you are able to help in any way or volunteer your time, please contact Serena at Serena@Songwrighta.me.uk
Please use large typeface when contacting her
Avery Hill glasshouse previously
Avery Hill Winter Gardens (Photo: Nigel Fletcher)
New Edition of the Handbook of Shows
The 11th edition of the Handbook of Shows is on track to be published in December 2020 and will apply to all BCSS shows held after 1 January 2022.
Try to contain your excitement everyone! Oh….. you don’t know why you should be excited? Isn’t a Handbook of Shows a dull, technical tome that no one would want to read? No indeed! Let me explain.
If you like to go to BCSS cactus and succulent shows, the Handbook tells you which plants are eligible for the different classes, which are normally based on the Groups in the Handbook. Certainly if you exhibit your plants in BCSS shows, you need to know in which classes you can enter your plants. If you sometimes wonder why a plant has been placed first, second or third, then the Handbook tells you what the judging criteria are and how the points are awarded – not that every class is judged using pointing, but all judging decisions can be explained using the pointing system. Even something as seemingly simple as how to measure the size of the pot is covered. Accredited BCSS Judges regard the Handbook as the definitive reference source and guide to assist them in their work.
Plant name changes Plant names change all the time, so we have to ensure that everyone knows where their plants are eligible, especially if they bear a different historical name to the one that currently applies. As well as adding new names that have been published, we have also made some changes arising from the new names in the Haworthia and Aloe Groups, which threatened to blur the distinction between these two Groups, to define them more clearly and draw attention to plants of a controversial nature.
Parodia and Frailea Groups We have also addressed some issues arising from the 10th edition, in particular making changes to the Parodia Group. In the 10th edition, the miniature Blossfeldia liliputana (Fig. 1), smaller growing Parodia species and large growing semi-tropical species, such as “Eriocephala magnifica” (Fig. 2) were grouped together. These large growing species have been separated into a separate Eriocephala Subgroup within Parodia Group. Readers should be aware that some of their plants may be species labelled Notocactusor Parodia but which will be categorised as “Eriocephala” for show purposes under the new Handbook. We have also created a new Group, the Frailea Group, in order to group together smaller growing genera which are more suitable to be judged one against the other and have moved Frailea,Austrocactus, Blossfeldia, Cintia, Rimacactus and Yavia to this new Frailea Group.
We also made some adjustments to the plant names listing and pointing system, again based on feedback received from Judges’ experience in practice, and have provided an example table to assist both exhibitors and Judges in its application for condition and maturity.
The Shows Committee invite you to use and enjoy the new Handbook and look forward to seeing it being used live in 2022. The March 2021 CactusWorld will include an article giving further details of the changes made in the 11th edition.
The BCSS Shows Committee
Fig. 1 Blossfeldia liliputana on its own roots in a 7cm pot, grown by Gareth Darbon. (Photo by Gareth Darbon)
Fig. 2 Plants of “Eriocephala” magnifica in flower, planted out in the Jardin Exotique in Monaco. (Photo by Ray Stephenson)
Windowsill Growing
A simple way to get into the wonderful world of cacti and succulents
I’ve had a cactus of some kind or other since I was six years old. I have always loved their diverse shapes and beautiful flowers. For most of that time I’ve had to have a windowsill collection, often fewer than fifty plants, as a child in my parents’ home, as a student, as a lodger, in a small flat. Only latterly did I have a greenhouse, and since my move to Sweden nearly three years ago, I am back to windowsills and a cold frame. I’m an enthusiast rather than a specialist collector. Whenever I have had a garden, my plants have had outdoor summers.
Obviously, the number of plants is not the only limitation when growing indoors. I studied horticulture around twenty years ago, and one of the things we looked into was how much light came through different materials. As I now have triple glazing, I can vouch for how light is curtailed by layers of glass. Everyone reading this will probably think ‘grow lights’ but they were not a common option and beyond my means in the past. So, one has to think about the sort of genera that can cope with less brightly lit positions - some Aloes, Haworthias, smaller cacti that are often found in the shade of rocks or shrubs, and epiphytes. Or do what I did as a beginner, buy what you like and see how it goes!
The other problem is central heating. In the distant past I had a Rebutia in an unheated north-facing hall window that got quite cold in the winter and it flowered beautifully every year. Giving cacti their winter rest can prove a challenge. At the moment, I am keeping a mature Melocactus bahiensis in regular flowering in a room which has day time temperatures over 23°C all year around. Again, it’s a matter of choosing the right plant for the right place. My other plants go into an unheated bedroom facing west when it gets too cold outside in the cold frame. I have managed to grow them even in a heated room in the past by putting them behind the curtains at night, even though all the books advise against this, I found it gave a better diurnal range, which is also an important factor with desert plants.
Epiphytes can be quite successful, as long as you obey the rules concerning day length and a temperature drop to induce flowering. In the past, I have flowered Epiphyllums and Schumbergeras as well as Rhipsalidopsis. They can take up a lot of space though, although they can be grown in hanging baskets, impressive in a bay window for example.
Hardier cacti can be kept outdoors in a dry place, a shelf high under the translucent carport was home to some of my bigger plants for several winters in the 1990s.
I’ve always used gritty composts and been very careful with watering, and followed Dr Ray Allcock’s recipe using cat litter, grit and John Innes No.1 (BCSS Journal vol 15) for many years. I find it gave excellent results with Haworthias, and other succulents, encouraging good root growth.
My feeding technique over the years has been Baby Bio, Chempak cactus feed, half strength tomato food, even half strength Miracle Grow for acid loving plants. I think the important thing is to feed a little and often in the growing season.
Below: Melocactus bahiensis
Below left: Mammillaria zeilmanniana flowering on windowsill
Below right: Parodia flowering in a cold frame
(Photos by Heather Newby)
Graham’s musings 6
So, my continental experiences in the 1970s had taught me how to really grow cacti and my interest in South American cacti, which had started with Notocactus, was expanding into other genera. I had got to this point too late to be able to buy seeds collected by Friedrich Ritter but European nurseries were propagating imported plants from Alfred Lau and others so there were lots of species available as seeds, cuttings or seedlings.
It was at this time that I discovered The Chileans, a study group devoted to the cacti of South America. It was the brainchild of Harry Middleditch who put together a journal (now available as a free download from http://www.cactusexplorers.org.uk/Chileans_home.htm) and organised an annual residential weekend meeting. The first meeting I attended was a revelation! I came away thinking that I’d learnt nothing about these plants. I had been enjoying growing and appreciating the plants for their beauty but here was another world. The Chileans talked about where the plants came from, how they were related, what pollinated their flowers, their favoured geology, climate and history. And so my hobby took a new turn. It was clear that any observations of a plant would only be meaningful if that plant was from a known source with location data so I decided to try to acquire plants with data whenever possible and put that information on the label.
My collection expanded quickly now that I had made so many contacts with specialist growers through The Chileans. For instance, cuttings and seedlings of Lobivia came from John Hopkins and Roger Moreton. Phil Alcock had a small nursery that propagated plants with data. It was an exciting time with so many new and little-known species being available, even before they had been featured in any book.
It was around this time that Tom Jenkins founded his nursery Jumanery near Chatham (the name is an amalgam of the names of his wife June and business partner Mary). This was another source of imported plants including Brazilian species from Eddie Waras and Argentinian plants from Lau. Another popular destination at the time was Holly Gate Nursery in Sussex where a large Reference Collection was established by Clive Innes and John Brooke (of tea fame). Many imported plants of the latest discoveries were available to view and buy. At the time, many academic articles about South American cacti were written by John Donald who received plants directly from Lau. He was appointed as editor of Ashingtonia, the new journal of Holly Gate Reference Collection (see photos below), in which he wrote about Matucana, Oroya, Rebutia, Weingartia among other cactus genera. The journal only ran for three volumes but its contents remain valuable to this day.
Location data with plants has variable value since, as new generations are produced in cultivation, the risk of hybridisation increases. It all depends on the care taken by the grower to allow pollination only among individuals from the same locality. Explorers give field numbers to their finds and these can often be found in seed and plant lists. Ideally, a field number should be allocated to a single place at a single time but this is not always the case. The same number can be used for the same location on subsequent visits or be given to the supposed same species found at different places as is the case with HU (Horst-Uebelmann) and FR (Friedrich Ritter).
When we see a field number on a plant label, we do not know how many generations there have been since the original collection and hence the reliability of the associated data. In order to indicate the reliability, I add a suffix to the field number so that (H) means a vegetative propagation of a habitat collected plant; (Z) means that the plant was grown from a seed pollinated in habitat; and (Y) means that the plant was grown from a seed pollinated in culture from (Z) or (H) plants. A number of my friends now also use this code in their collections and when they sell plants. Even if the plant is misidentified, the field number will be permanent and accurate.
During the 1980s I continued amassing a collection of documented plants whilst attending talks and reading about their natural habitats. It was not until 1992 that the chance arose to actually visit South America but that is a story for next time.
Good Growing!
Graham Charles
Legends of the Leaf
Garden writer and BCSS member Jane Perrone has launched a crowdfunding appeal for a new book about indoor plants. The work, titled Legends of the Leaf, will explore the native roots of the plants that fill our homes, from string of beads to the Chinese money plant. The appeal is off to a great start since its launch in September, garnering more than 100 supporters in just two days and hitting 37% by mid-October.
The book follows on from Jane's success with podcast ‘On The Ledge’, which has built a global audience of houseplant enthusiasts around the world and has featured BCSS chairman Ian Thwaites and a recording at last year's Cactusworld Live.
BCSS members will be glad to hear that several cacti and succulents will be included in the list of 25 plants to be profiled. "I haven't quite finalised it yet, but Curio rowleyanus and Sansevieria trifasciata (ok, Dracaena if you must!) have definitely made the cut," Jane explains, "and Epiphyllum anguliger, Echinocactus grusonii and Opuntia microdasys are on the shortlist, along with at least one Hoya species: I'd love to hear from BCSS members as to which plants they would like me to write about!"
The book won't go ahead until Jane reaches 100% of her target: there are various pledge levels to support Legends of the Leaf, from £10 for the ebook edition. £25 gets you a copy of the first-edition, hardback book, the ebook and your name in the back. "I'm so excited to see how much support the book is getting already." Jane says. "It's a lifelong dream to write a book about houseplants, and I'm also excited to be working with illustrator Helen Entwisle, who will be creating 25 original images: one for each of the iconic plants featured in the book."
We hope that you have enjoyed reading this eNews.
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Contact
If you would like to discuss anything in the newsletter please email enews@bcss.org.uk
If you would like to discuss any aspect of the Society in general please email Ian Thwaites
Editor: Al Laius
Layout: Jennie May
Contributors: Hazel Taylor, Tom Radford, Serena Lovelace, Heather Newby, Graham Charles, Jane Perrone and Ian Thwaites.
