IUCN SULi Digest
October, November and December 2020
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We hope you’re all keeping well! This is our final edition of 2020 - featuring 163 journal articles and news items.
This Digest is an IUCN SULi information service intended to keep you up to date with recent journal articles and news on issues relating to sustainable use and livelihoods.
We will cover journal articles and news from the previous month(s). Please note that the summaries provided are not the official abstracts of the articles.
Our current watch list includes the following journals and news sources: Africa Biodiversity Collaborative Group; Africa Sustainable Conservation News; African Journal of Ecology; Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment; AMBIO; Animal Conservation; Antipode; Biodiversity and Conservation; Biological Conservation; Conservation Frontlines; The Conservation Imperative; Conservation Letters; Conservation Science and Practice; Conservation and Society; The Conversation; Development and Change; Diversity and Distributions; Ecological Economics; Ecology and Society; Environmental History; Forest Cover; Frontline Dispatches; The Geographic Journal; Global Environmental Change; Human Ecology; Human Dimensions of Wildlife; The Independent; Local Environment; Mongabay; National Geographic; Natural Resources Forum; PARKS; PNAS; Regional Environmental Change; Sustainability; Tourist Studies and World Development.
If you would like to sign up to receive the Digest on an ongoing basis, please click here.
Plus, if you haven't already sign up to receive the People not Poaching newsletter for all the latest on communities and illegal wildlife trade.
- Dilys Roe, Chair IUCN SULi
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1. Doris C (2020) The effects of COVID-19 on the wildlife tourism. Idosr Journal of Applied Sciences. Available here (PDF)
The wildlife economy plays a primary economic role to rural communities so the shutting down of borders, grounding of flights and restriction on movement has left the wildlife tourism sector hard hit and people without incomes.
2. Fiorella K, et al (2020) Feedbacks from human health to household reliance on natural resources during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Lancet Planetary Health. DOI: 10.1016/S2542-5196(20)30199-6 (Open access)
Limited attention has been given to how human health feeds back to affect the environment and exacerbate harm to people. By affecting livelihoods and natural resource use, health shocks can create a feedback loop, compounding negative consequences for both human and environmental health.
3. Forest Peoples Programme (2020) The impact of COVID-19 on Indigenous communities: Insights from the Indigenous Navigator. The International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs and the International Labour Organization. Available here (Open access)
This report identifies how pre-existing barriers in access to health, social security and education are fuelling disproportional impacts of the pandemic on indigenous peoples. Findings indicate a rise in food insecurity, related to loss of livelihoods and lack of access to land and natural resources.
4. Golar G, et al (2020) The social-economic impact of COVID-19 pandemic: Implications for potential forest degradation. Heliyon.
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05354 (Open access)
This article presents an analysis of the potential forest damage that occurred due to the COVID-19 pandemic in rural communities on the Forest Management Units. The analysis shows that social and economic impacts potentially enhance the threat of forest resource utilisation–increasing pressure on the forest due to the increase in forest product demand.
5. Liu J, et al (2020) Pandemics and biodiversity: Applying lessons learned to conservation in the post-COVID-19 era. EcoEvoRxiv Preprints. Available here (Open access)
The authors identify putative positive and negative effects of the pandemic on biodiversity. They argue that to avoid further pandemics and protect human health, local governments should consider biodiversity conservation as a core value and strengthen conservation efforts.
6. Liu S, Ma Z, Zhang Y and Y Zhang (2020) Attitudes towards wildlife consumption inside and outside Hubei Province, China, in relation to the SARS and COVID-19 outbreaks. Human Ecology. DOI: 10.1007/s10745-020-00199-5 (Open access)
The authors design a questionnaire to determine changes in attitudes towards wildlife consumption in Chinese adults during the SARS epidemic in 2002–2003 and on-going COVID-19 pandemic. The results show the proportion of participants who had eaten wildlife significantly decreased from 27.0% during SARS to 17.8% during COVID-19.
7. Matias D, Pinto E, Ramnath M and D San Jose (2020) Local communities and wildlife consumption bans. Nature Sustainability. DOI: 10.1038/s41893-020-00662-7 (Open access)
A wildlife consumption ban, which China enacted in February as a response to the COVID-19 pandemic, has both been welcomed and argued against. While both schools of thought have their own valid arguments, neither has yet to actively lobby for the free, prior and informed consent or consultation of the people who will be directly affected by conservation decisions related to COVID-19.
8. McElwee P, et al (2020) Ensuring a post-COVID economic agenda tackles global biodiversity loss. One Earth. DOI: 10.1016/j.oneear.2020.09.011 (Open access)
In this perspective, the authors discuss a number of tools across a range of actors for both short-term stimulus measures and longer-term revamping of global, national, and local economies that take biodiversity into account. These include measures to shift away from activities that damage biodiversity and toward those supporting ecosystem resilience.
9. Santana C (2020) COVID-19, other zoonotic diseases and wildlife conservation. History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences. DOI: 10.1007/s40656-020-00345-8 (Open access)
Some researchers have argued for stronger conservation measures, arguing that the economic costs of pandemics justify scaling back economic development, since excessive development raises the risk of future pandemics. In this note, however, the author highlights the ways in which these calls for conservation may backfire, could be racist and colonialist, and are empirically suspect.
10. Stokes G, et al (2020) COVID-19 pandemic impacts on global inland fisheries. PNAS. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2014016117 (Open access)
This report provides a data-driven global snapshot of expert-perceived impacts of COVID-19 on inland fisheries, using data from 79 countries that account for 82.1% of global inland fish catch.
11. Turcios-Casco M and R Cazzolla Gatti (2020) Do not blame bats and pangolins! Global consequences for wildlife conservation after the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Biodiversity and Conservation. DOI: 10.1007/s10531-020-02053-y (Open access)
In this commentary the authors revise and discuss some of the repercussions that SARS-CoV-2 pandemic may have to wildlife. They propose four actions that should be taken into account to protect and conserve wildlife in this pandemic era: wildlife “wet” markets must close; human interference with wildlife must be reduced; bats and pangolins must be conserved and not blamed; and Chinese traditional medicine must be more controlled.
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News articles, blogs etc.
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12. How effective are China’s attempts to reduce the risk of wildlife spreading disease to humans? -> Progress, loopholes and contradictions converge as the world’s most populous country works to lower the odds of another global pandemic.
13. How Covid-19 is impacting wildlife conservation -> With tourism funds drying up, wildlife conservation, and the people who depend on it, are facing a crisis.
14. How is COVID-19 affecting wild meat consumption in rural Cameroon? -> A series of interviews with residents from Cameroon’s Dja Faunal Reserve uncover how COVID-19 is influencing the wild meat they hunt, buy, sell and eat.
15. Why COVID-era campaigns against wildmeat consumption aren’t working -> Research with indigenous villagers in Indonesia has found that some of these recent anti-wildlife consumption campaigns miss a key point.
16. Uganda's struggle to tame poaching during lockdown -> Wildlife poaching in Uganda has risen during the Covid-19 induced lockdown, but authorities say they are working hard to stop the vice that is costing the country in both tourism revenues and illicit financial flows.
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17. Chancellor R, et al (2020) Community‐based conservation and chimpanzee research in Gishwati forest, Rwanda. American Journal of Primatology. DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23195
The authors evaluate a community‐based conservation program in Gishwati forest, Rwanda, that aims to restore biodiversity and ecosystem services using chimpanzees as a flagship species. They examine how a reduction in cattle grazing and increase in chimpanzee population size may have been influenced by the community‐centred approach.
18. Ghinki C, Shrestha A and B Kopainsky (2020) Empowering communities: Power devolution in Community-Based Natural Resource Management. Available here (PDF)
The authors study power devolution, a key component of governance, distribution of benefits of natural resources, and community participation, as the building block for successful CBNRM programmes.
19. Gilli M, Côte M and G Walters (2020) Gatekeeping Access: Shea land formalisation and the distribution of market-based conservation benefits in Ghana’s CREMA. Land. DOI: 10.3390/land9100359 (Open access)
In some cases, Community Resource Management Areas (CREMAs) in Ghana have connected collectors of shea nuts with certified organic world markets, which can be understood as a ‘market-based’ approach to conservation. This paper examines how the benefits of this approach are distributed and argues that shea land formalisation is crucial to this process.
20. Mahajan S, et al (2020) A theory‐based framework for understanding the establishment, persistence, and diffusion of community‐based conservation. Conservation Science and Practice. DOI: 10.1111/csp2.299 (Open access)
The authors introduce a theory‐based framework called “the Community-Based Conservation (CBC) framework” that draws upon three foundational theories from sociology, economics, and political science to understand the establishment, persistence, and diffusion of CBC.
21. Needham J, Beazley K and V Papuga (2020) Accessing local tacit knowledge as a means of knowledge co-production for effective wildlife corridor planning in the Chignecto Isthmus, Canada. Land. DOI: 10.3390/land9090332 (Open access)
This paper explores local tacit knowledge application to identify wildlife locations, movement patterns and heightened opportunities and barriers for connectivity conservation planning in the Chignecto Isthmus in the provinces of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. The results show that local participants provide rich explanatory and complementary data.
22. Nelson F, et al (2020) Progress or regression? Institutional evolutions of community‐based conservation in eastern and southern Africa. Conservation Science and Practice. DOI: 10.1111/csp2.302 (Open access)
Eastern and southern Africa has been a key laboratory for community‐based approaches to conservation for over three decades. At a wider scale, sufficient devolution of rights over wildlife and natural resources has been a chronic constraint, but community‐based initiatives have still managed to persist, adapt, and deliver some evidence of positive ecological and social impacts in Zambia, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe.
23. Rampheri M and T Dube (2020) Local community involvement in nature conservation under the auspices of Community‐Based Natural Resource Management: A state of the art review. African Journal of Ecology. DOI: 10.1111/aje.12801
This work provides a detailed synthesis of the implications of involving local communities in conservation in PAs and further examines how spatial explicit methodologies can be adopted in enhancing nature conservation. Overall, the study shows that community attitudes and perceptions towards nature conservation in PAs point towards the failure of the CBNRM approach.
24. Umar B and J Kapembwa (2020) Economic benefits, local participation, and conservation ethic in a Game Management Area: Evidence from Mambwe, Zambia. Tropical Conservation Science. DOI: 10.1177/1940082920971754 (Open access)
This study examines views on economic benefits, local participation in wildlife management and conservation ethic among residents of three chiefdoms in eastern Zambia. Results show that 68% of the residents who live in the Lupande Game Management Area are not in any way involved in community wildlife management.
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News articles, blogs etc.
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25. With the help of an app, Nunavut hunters document the changing Arctic -> Since 2012, the Nunavut Wildlife Management Board has run a community-based monitoring program to gather information about Inuit harvesting practices and the status of regional species.
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26. Kihima B and P Musila (2020) Constraints to community participation in tourism in Kenya: The Mwaluganje Elephant Sanctuary. Journal of Tourism and Adventure. DOI: 10.3126/jota.v3i1.31363 (Open access)
This study investigates constraints to community participation in Mwaluganje Elephant Sanctuary in Kwale County, Kenya. The results indicate that lack of coordination among stakeholders; inadequate financial resources, lack of conducive environment for tourism growth, and lack of skills/knowledge were major constraints to participation.
27. Merediz-Alonso G (2020) Ecotourism as a means to promote community inclusion and nature conservation: The case study of Maya Ka’an. In Ortega-Rubio A (eds) Socio-ecological Studies in Natural Protected Areas. Springer, Cham. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-47264-1_32
Since 2014 Sian Ka’an Biosphere Reserve and its surroundings are in what is now called Maya Ka’an: Mexico’s new ecotourism destination. The author discusses how Maya Ka’an will spread Sian Ka’an’s success in the region, reducing pressure to the reserve while benefiting Mayan communities, showing that there are profitable non-massive tourism models that are environmentally and socially viable.
28. Tichaawa T and R Lekgau (2020) Nature and characteristics of wildlife tourism in the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park. ŒCONOMICA. Available here (Open access)
The authors explore the nature and characteristics of wildlife tourism in the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park and two adjacent communities. Key findings show the nature of wildlife tourism differed in the two communities, one largely focused on the integration of culture and tradition in the tourism experiences while the other was limited to being a transit site.
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News articles, blogs etc.
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No new news articles or blogs at this time.
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29. Bulafu C, Tumusiime D, Hårklau S and G Owuor (2020) Status of illegal resource extraction within Rwenzori Mountains National Park, Uganda: Baseline studies near four hydropower projects. African Journal of Ecology. DOI: 10.1111/aje.12823
This paper investigates status and distribution of illegal activities inside Rwenzori Mountains National Park in areas adjacent to four sites where hydropower projects are being developed outside the park. The results show that the collection of medicinal plants and poaching are the most pervasive forms of illegal activities inside the park
30. Coals P, et al (2020) Commercially-driven lion part removal: What is the evidence from mortality records? Global Ecology and Conservation. DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01327 (Open access)
The authors evaluate potential cases of commercially-driven part removal and targeted killings, using field sites at Hwange National Park and surrounds (Zimbabwe) and the Ruaha landscape in Tanzania. They find no evidence of systemic targeted killing of lions for commercial trade at either site and suggest that the majority of part removals are opportunistic and culturally-driven.
31. Davis E, et al (2020) Insights for reducing the consumption of wildlife: The use of bear bile and gallbladder in Cambodia. People and Nature.
DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10164 (Open access)
The authors aim to gather key consumer insights such as demographics, beliefs and the identification of trusted individuals and communication channels, which could be used to underpin future behaviour change efforts to reduce the consumption of bear bile and gallbladder.
32. Halbwax M (2020) Addressing the illegal wildlife trade in the European Union as a public health issue to draw decision makers attention. Biological Conservation. DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2020.108798 (Open access)
Illegal wildlife trade is often considered as a problem of developing countries but it is first and foremost an international global business. The author argues that strengthening research in wildlife forensic science and developing a network of forensic laboratories should be the cornerstone of the European Union plan to tackle the illegal wildlife trade.
33. Lyakurwa G, Mremi R and A Kisingo (2020) Insights of legal and illegal wildlife hunting in Selous and Rungwa Game Reserves in the south-east and central Tanzania. International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation. Available here (PDF)
The authors use fifteen years of data on trophy hunting and poaching of African elephant, lion, cape buffalo, common zebra, hippopotamus and greater kudu from Selous and Rungwa game reserves in Tanzania. The results show that there is no evidence of influence of regulated hunting on poaching rates for all species with the exception of African elephant.
34. Margulies J (2020) Korean ‘housewives’ and ‘hipsters’ are not driving a new illicit plant trade: Complicating consumer motivations behind an emergent wildlife trade in Dudleya farinose. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.604921 (Open access)
The author argues that the primary motivational desire for California succulent species Dudleya farinosa is coming from a selective and highly skilled community of succulent enthusiasts, rather than mainstream plant consumer groups. They offer suggestions on how these findings can inform more sustainable solutions to the illicit extraction of wild plants in meeting consumer demand.
35. Masés-García C, Briones-Salas M and J Sosa-Escalante (2020) Assessment of wildlife crime in a high-biodiversity region of Mexico. Journal of Nature Conservation. DOI: 10.1016/j.jnc.2020.125932 (Open access)
The authors analyse the effects of wildlife crime on native wild vertebrates of Oaxaca, Mexico, from 2004 to 2018. The results show that reptiles account for the highest number of individual specimens, while birds record the greatest range of species, and support the understanding that illegal trade reports are underestimates.
36. Naude V, et al (2020) Longitudinal assessment of illegal leopard skin use in ceremonial regalia and acceptance of faux alternatives among followers of the Shembe Church, South Africa. Conservation Science and Practice. DOI: 10.1111/csp2.289 (Open access)
With up to 4 million followers in southern Africa, the recently‐established Nazareth Baptist “Shembe” Church represents the principal culturo‐religious use of illegal leopard skins in the world. This study explores socio‐economic and experiential factors related to the desirability and possession of illegal leopard skins for Shembe followers before and after receiving a faux alternative through a Furs for Life intervention program.
37. Ngorima A, Brown A, Masunungure C and D Biggs (2020) Local community benefits from elephants: Can willingness to support anti‐poaching efforts be strengthened? Conservation Science and Practice. DOI: 10.1111/csp2.303 (Open access)
This paper empirically examines how the spread of costs and benefits associated with elephants, and associated ownership rights, influence community attitudes to support anti‐poaching activities. Based on surveys of community members in Zimbabwe, the results show that 92% of the respondents are unwilling to engage in conservation activities due to lack of financial gain from elephants.
38. Ullah Z, et al (2020) Poaching of Asiatic black bear: Evidence from Siran and Kaghan valleys, Pakistan. Global Ecology and Conservation. DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01351 (Open access)
This paper assesses the vulnerability of Asiatic black bear to poaching in a key ecological zone in Northern Pakistan. Evidence is collected from Siran and Kaghan valleys through participants’ observations, interviews from key informants and structured questionnaires. They find local community members of both valleys to be active observers of hunting and poaching in the study area.
39. Vaidyanathan T, Zhang X, Balakrishnan R and A Vincent (2020) Catch and trade bans for seahorses can be negated by non‐selective fisheries. Aquatic Conservation. DOI: 10.1002/aqc.3419
Between 2015 and 2017, the authors conduct fisheries and trade surveys along the south‐east coast of India, historically known to be a hub for seahorse catches and trade. They argue that a fishery and trade ban for incidentally caught species, particularly in a poorly regulated fishery, appears to add little conservation value.
40. Veríssimo D, 't Sas‐Rolfes M and J Glikman (2020) Influencing consumer demand is vital for tackling the illegal wildlife trade. People and Nature. DOI: 0.1002/pan3.10171 (Open access)
Tackling the illegal wildlife trade (IWT) for the benefit of biodiversity conservation requires understanding and influencing consumer demand. While demand reduction activities are increasing, they remain poorly funded, with only 6% of the funds committed globally to reduce IWT focused on consumer demand
41. Wang S, et al (2020) Implicit attitudes toward wildlife products. Global Ecology and Conservation. DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01358 (Open access)
The authors detect implicit attitudes of wildlife products, showing that that participants may explicitly express negative attitudes towards wildlife products, but implicitly be in favour of them. Besides, participants hold stronger negative attitudes towards the consumption of hedonic wildlife products than utilitarian wildlife products.
42. Wilson L and R Boratto (2020) Conservation, wildlife crime, and tough-on-crime policies: Lessons from the criminological literature. Biological Conservation. DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2020.108810
The authors briefly review the deterrence theory and tough-on-crime literature, examine wildlife crime sentencing policies in the context of criminological understanding, and outline alternative approaches for those working on wildlife crime.
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News articles, blogs etc.
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43. He once trafficked in rare birds. Now, he tells how it’s done -> After a chance encounter in Brazil, Johann Zillinger became one of the world’s most prolific wildlife smugglers. Three decades and two prison stints later, he says he has gone straight.
44. No work: Abalone poachers in Kleinmond say they have no choice – it’s poach or starve -> Kleinmond was rocked by violent protests this week after five men were arrested for poaching abalone.
45. Women on a mission: Poachers to peacekeepers -> A series of short films highlighting incredible leaders making a difference in their communities.
46. Investigating the black market trade in Dudleya farinose -> Podcast talking about what Dr. Jared Margulies learned through investigating the illicit trade is one of North Americas most stunning succulents, Dudleya farinosa.
47. Big mammals are at risk in the world’s poorest countries, even within parks -> Forty years of global conservation research reveals that mammal populations are declining due to hunting in poor countries and within preserved areas, especially in Africa.
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Medicinal plant harvest and use
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48. Adedire O, et al (2020) Survey of medicinal plants utilised by Afizere people of Jos, Plateau State, Northern Nigeria. International Journal of Medical, Biological and Phar. Sci. Available here (PDF)
This study identifies and documents the medicinal plants used by the Afizere people in Plateau State, Nigeria, in the management of human illness and to harness such plants for the purpose of drug development in future research.
49. Bhandari P, et al (2020) Traditional use of medicinal plants in the Chyangthapu-Phalaicha biological sub-corridor, Panchthar District, Kangchenjunga Landscape, Nepal. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine. DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-96892/v1 (Open access)
The study documents the knowledge of the ethnomedicinal uses and practices that exist in the Chyangthapu-Phalaicha biological sub-corridor. The results indicate that the area supports significant medicinal plants and associated traditional knowledge.
50. Kavidayal H and N Uniyal (2020) A survey on traditional knowledge and the status of medicinal plants in Garhwal and Kumaon Regions of Uttarakhand. Trends in Biosciences. Available here (PDF)
This study documents the traditional knowledge of medicinal plants in Ghansali and Mukteshwar regions (India) and assesses the status of the plants. The results show that local tribal communities mainly use 17 medicinal plants but that they are threatened by overexploitation and habitat degradation.
51. Leaman D (2020) Diversity, conservation, and sustainability of North American medicinal plants. In Máthé Á (eds) Medicinal and Aromatic Plants of North America. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants of the World. Springer, Cham. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-44930-8_2
Approximately 2000 species of medicinal and aromatic plants are native to North America. The conservation status of these species is currently being assessed, which will contribute to the IUCN Plants for People initiative’s objective to support conservation through species and habitat protection, sustainable wild harvest, and cultivation where warranted.
52. Sah A, Mandal R, Mathema A and M Subedi (2020) Medicinal herbs in community forests of Darchula District, Nepal: A boon of employment and income generation for rural users. Journal of Historical Archaeology & Anthropological Sciences. Available here (Open access)
The authors assess the stock of major tradable medicinal species, employment and income generation through their collection and trade, focusing on four community forests in Darchula district.
53. Samant S, Devi K, Puri S and A Singh (2020) Diversity, distribution pattern and traditional knowledge of sacred plants in Kanawar Wildlife Sanctuary (KWLS), Himachal Pradesh, Northwestern Himalaya. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge. Available here (Open access)
This study investigates the diversity, distribution pattern and traditional knowledge of sacred plants by the native communities of Kanawar Wildlife Sanctuary, Himachal Pradesh. The results show that there is a need to develop a proper management plan and appropriate strategy for the conservation and sustainable utilisation of certain sacred plants.
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News articles, blogs etc.
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54. A Philippine tribe’s plant-based medical tradition gets its moment -> The Manobos of the highland Agusan region have for generations depended on their vast compendium of ethnomedicinal plants to treat a wide range of ailments.
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55. Gargallo E and L Kalvelage (2020) Integrating social-ecological systems and global production networks: local effects of trophy hunting in Namibian conservancies. Development Southern Africa.
DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2020.1835608
The authors analyse the impact of trophy hunting on three communal conservancies in Namibia. Although wildlife numbers in these conservancies have increased, positive economic impacts are often insufficient, unevenly distributed across regions, and parts of the population are excluded. At the same time, findings indicate that in some areas benefits from hunting can be significant and can contribute to sustainability.
56. Ghasemi B (2020) Trophy hunting and conservation: Do the major ethical theories converge in opposition to trophy hunting? People and Nature. DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10160 (Open access)
The analysis presented in this paper challenges the ethical justification of trophy hunting based on a utilitarian perspective, and it also suggests that trophy hunting is problematic from the perspectives of both deontology and virtue theory.
57. Kakakhel S (2020) A Review on markhor (Capra falconeri falconeri Wagner 1839) population trends (2016-2019) and community-based conservation in Toshi Shasha, Gehrait Goleen, Kaigah Kohistan Conservancies and Chitral Gol National Park, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. American Journal of Natural Sciences. DOI: 10.47672/ajns.569 (Open access)
The central goal of this study is to review population trends (2016-2019) of markhor in several community conservancies and Chitral Gol National Park in Pakistan. The findings reveal that populations of markhor have increased and that trophy hunting has generated over USD$5 million.
58. Muboko N, et al (2020) Trophy quality trends and hunting effort of selected big game in Chewore South Safari Area, northern Zimbabwe, 2009–2012. Tropical Ecology. DOI: 10.1007/s42965-020-00123-4 (Open access)
This study is based on a temporal analysis of trophy quality trends and hunting effort in Chewore South Safari Area (CSSA), Zimbabwe, for the period 2009–2012. The authors conclude that hunting has limited negative impact on species trophy quality trends when a sustainable hunting system is consistently followed in CSSA.
59. Zhou X, et al (2020) Understanding the public debate about trophy hunting in China as a rural development mechanism. Animal Conservation. DOI: 10.1111/acv.12638
The authors aim to better understand the trade‐offs made by both urban and rural populations across China in relation trophy hunting as a rural development and wildlife management tool. They find that trophy hunting is supported by the majority of rural residents but opposed by most urban residents, although there is heterogeneity within both these groups.
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News articles, blogs etc.
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60. Organisation aims to end trophy hunts by buying up guide-outfitter rights -> Raincoast raises $650,000 to end hunting in Kitlope valley in Great Bear Rainforest, the fifth tenure purchased so far.
61. Trophy hunting – A complex picture -> Trophy hunting has become a divisive topic but calls for an outright ban risk undermining the substantial contributions that well-managed hunting can make to conservation.
62. Does trophy hunting hurt giraffe populations? A planned lawsuit says it does -> Conservation groups are suing the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for failing to respond to a petition seeking protection for giraffes under the nation’s Endangered Species Act, a move that would severely limit the import and trade of giraffe trophies and other giraffe products.
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Rights-based conservation
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63. Guerrero N, Torres M and I Nepomuceno (2020) Impacts of the Public Forest Management Law on traditional communities in Crepori National Forest. Ambiente & Sociedade. DOI: 10.1590/1809-4422asoc20190054r2vu2020l5ao (Open access)
This article focuses on the impacts of the Public Forest Management Law on traditionally occupied territories, by analysing the case of Crepori National Forest, in the state of Pará. The authors discuss how the management of forests benefits commercial exploration of wood resources over the territorial rights of peoples and communities that traditionally occupy these areas.
64. Mudombi-Rusinamhodzi G and A Thiel (2020) Property rights and the conservation of forests in communal areas in Zimbabwe. Forest Policy and Economics. DOI: 10.1016/j.forpol.2020.102315
The authors examine, through a systematic search and review of Acts of Parliament, the overarching principles that underlie property rights bundles for harvesting of forest produce in communal lands in Zimbabwe. Results show that the rights to regulate access, withdrawal, management, exclusion and alienation of land and forest resources lie with the minister and the state President.
65. Rights and Resources Initiative (2020) Rights-based conservation: The path to preserving Earth’s biological and cultural diversity? Rights and Resources Initiative, Washington, DC. Available here (Open access)
This report is informed by the imperative to prevent the collapse of biodiversity while respecting the tenure and human rights of Indigenous Peoples (IPs), local communities (LCs), and Afrodescendants (ADs). It seeks to highlight the risks and opportunities for IPs, LCs, and ADs arising out of the proposed expansion of conservation areas.
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News articles, blogs etc.
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66. Embedding human rights in nature conservation: From Intent to action -> Report of the Independent Panel of Experts of the Independent Review of allegations raised in the media regarding human rights violations in the context of WWF’s conservation work. WWF’s Statement to the Review can be found here.
67. ‘Large-scale human rights violations’ taint Congo national park project -> Conservation groups proposing a protected area in the river basin accused of ignoring the interests of the Baka people.
68. WWF vows to 'do more' after human rights abuse reports -> The probe comes after a series of articles published last year by BuzzFeed News. These accused the WWF of funding and working with anti-poaching guards who allegedly tortured and killed people in national parks in Asia and Africa.
69. The return of fortress conservation -> Unfortunately, Zimbabwe, a pioneer in community-based conservation through the CAMPFIRE programme, is returning to a fortress conservation approach, enlisting foreign, private-sector partners to re-fence parks and keep people out.
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Small scale fisheries management
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70. Alam S, Rahman M and A Arif (2020) Challenges and opportunities in artisanal fisheries (Sonadia Island, Bangladesh): The role of legislative, policy and institutional frameworks. Ocean and Coastal Management. DOI: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2020.105424
This paper examines the unique social, economic, and environmental challenges surrounding the livelihoods of artisanal fishers and the coastal communities who depend upon them, by analysing the experiences of the local communities on Sonadia Island in Cox’s Bazar District, Bangladesh.
71. Cochrane K (2020) Reconciling sustainability, economic efficiency and equity in marine fisheries: Has there been progress in the last 20 years? Fish and Fisheries. DOI: 10.1111/faf.12521
This paper reviews the progress made over the last 20 years in achieving sustainable, economically efficient and socially just marine fisheries. Globally, substantial problems remain in the status of stocks, threats to biodiversity, poverty, food insecurity and marginalisation of fishers and other dependents on fisheries, particularly small‐scale fishers.
72. De Keyzer E, et al (2020) Local perceptions on the state of the pelagic fisheries and fisheries management in Uvira, Lake Tanganyika, DR Congo. Journal of Great Lakes Research. DOI: 10.1016/j.jglr.2020.09.003
The authors investigate knowledge of the perceptions and an understanding of the concerns and struggles of stakeholders of Lake Tanganyika fisheries. Stakeholders of the fisheries indicated challenges due to weather or climate variability, a noticeable decrease in fish abundance and size, and an increase in the price of fish, but none of the groups of stakeholders attributed the problems in the fisheries to overfishing or overpopulation.
73. Gardner C, et al (2020) A decade and a half of learning from Madagascar's first locally managed marine area. Conservation Science and Practice. DOI: 10.1111/csp2.298 (Open access)
The authors highlight lessons learnt from the implementation of Madagascar's first locally managed marine area (LMMA), drawing on their insights and experiences as staff of a comanaging NGO. Their experiences suggest that small scale fishers can be effective natural resource managers in low‐income contexts, but may need extended support from outsiders.
74. Koning A, Perales K, Fluet-Chouinard E and P McIntyre (2020) A network of grassroots reserves protects tropical river fish diversity. Nature. DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2944-y
The authors show that reserves created by 23 separate communities in Thailand’s Salween basin have markedly increased fish richness, density, and biomass relative to adjacent areas. The findings suggest that networks of small, community-based reserves offer a generalisable model for protecting biodiversity and augmenting fisheries as the world’s rivers face unprecedented pressures
75. MacKeracher T, et al (2020) Understanding non-compliance in small-scale fisheries: Shark fishing in Myanmar’s Myeik Archipelago. Ambio. DOI: 10.1007/s13280-020-01400-1
The authors gather a complete story of non-compliance in five small-scale fishing communities in the Myeik Archipelago. Among 144 fishers surveyed, 49% were aware of the nationwide ban. The results of the study emphasise that in resource-dependent communities, improving compliance for effective shark conservation may require addressing broader issues of poverty, food security and the lack of alternatives.
76. Maire E, et al (2020) Disentangling the complex roles of markets on coral reefs in northwest Madagascar. Ecology and Society. DOI: 10.5751/ES-11595-250323 (Open access)
The authors use social and ecological data from 10 coastal communities and 31 reefs in northwest Madagascar to (i) unravel the respective influences of the local fish market and coastal communities on reef fish biomass and (ii) investigate how communities’ socioeconomic and resource use characteristics change with increasing proximity to markets.
77. Pellowe K and H Leslie (2020) Ecosystem service lens reveals diverse community values of small-scale fisheries. Ambio. DOI: 10.1007/s13280-020-01405-w (Open access)
The authors assess community values related to a top fished species, the Mexican chocolate clam in Baja California Sur, Mexico. They find that community members perceive multiple provisioning and cultural benefits from the clam, including community economic, historical, and identity values.
78. Quintana A and X Basurto (2020) Community‐based conservation strategies to end open access: The case of Fish Refuges in Mexico. Conservation Science and Practice. DOI: 10.1111/csp2.283 (Open access)
The process of establishing short‐term but renewable area‐based conservation tools, such as the Fish Refuges of Baja California Sur, Mexico, offers the authors the opportunity to examine how community‐based strategies can generate incentives for conservation despite the lack of secure property rights.
79. Rashid M, et al (2020) Issues and problems of small-scale fishing (SSF) communities in South Asia: a comprehensive overview. Indian Journal of Ecology. Available here (Open access)
This paper aims to examine issues and problems plaguing SSF communities in South Asian countries. The data reveals that the adverse effects of climate change has seriously impended lives and livelihoods of fishing communities.
80. Rodrigues De Freitas R, Simão Seixas C and S Regina Da Cal Seixas (2020) Understanding the past to plan for the future: The small-scale fisheries at Ilha Grande Bay, Brazil. World Development Perspectives. DOI: 10.1016/j.wdp.2020.100258
The authors aim to explore a sustainable territorial development approach to improve quality of life of fishing communities while conserving the land and seascape that they explore, looking at the past phases of the development trajectory of Ilha Grande Bay in order to plan for the future.
81. Waithaka E, et al (2020) The impacts of co-management towards sustainable development and utilisation of fisheries resources in Lake Naivasha, Kenya. Poultry, Fisheries & Wildlife Sciences. Available here (PDF)
This paper presents an assessment of co-management from its inception, implementation, and establishment in Lake Naivasha and its contribution towards sustainable fisheries development. The results show that the impact of co-management on the
lake’s fishery varied among the landing sites.
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News articles, blogs etc.
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82. Lived experiences: Small-scale fishers and fishworkers share their stories -> Millions of people across the globe work in and around small-scale fisheries, which provides them and their communities with vital income, food and nutrition and sustains their culture.
83. Community conservation reserves protect fish diversity in tropical rivers -> A collaboration has found that small, community-based reserves in Thailand’s Salween River Basin are serving as critical refuges for fish diversity in a region whose subsistence fisheries have suffered from decades of overharvesting.
84. A Malagasy community wins global recognition for saving its lake -> The association’s efforts, including implementing fishery closures, regulating water use, and reforestation, have led to increased fish catches and helped revive the lake ecosystem.
85. On a Philippine island, Indigenous women get their say on marine conservation -> The Philippines’ fisheries space has traditionally been dominated by men, but an Indigenous community in the western province of Palawan is allowing women to manage critical marine habitats.
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Sustainable/community-based forest management
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86. Amadu M, Ayamga M and F Mabe (2020) Assessing the value of forest resources to rural households: A case of forest-fringe communities in the Northern Region of Ghana. Environmental Development.
DOI: 10.1016/j.envdev.2020.100577
This study assesses the value of forest resources to rural households in forest-fringe communities in the northern region of Ghana. It also identifies the factors that influence the amount of compensation (in terms of money) households were willing to accept to forego or limit the use of forest resources.
87. Ancha P, et al (2020) Assessment of forest products and services utilisation as sustainable livelihood options among households in Okpukwu Local Government Area (LGA), Benue State, Nigeria. Journal of Agriculture and Sustainability. Available here (Open access)
This study examines the impact of extraction and utilisation of forest resources as a sustainable livelihood option for households in Okpukwu LGA. The results show that there are significant differences between variable responses in the six wards in family sizes, distance to the forest, educational status, occupation, age, sex and estimated income from collected forest resources.
88. Chukwuone N, Adeosun K and C Chukwuone (2020) Socioeconomic factors affecting households' use of indigenous forest management practices in managing non-wood forest products: evidence from forest communities in Nigeria derived savannah. Heliyon. DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05281 (Open access)
This study determines the socioeconomic factors that drive the household's use of the practices in the management and conservation of plant species of non-wood forest products in Nigeria’s derived savannah.
89. Ekanayake E, Cirella G and Y Xie (2020) Impacts of community forestry on forest condition: Evidence from Sri Lanka’s intermediate zone. PLoS ONE. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239405 (Open access)
The authors assess the impacts of community forestry (CF) on forest conditions of semi-mixed evergreen forest in the intermediate zone of Sri Lanka. The results reveal that the impact of CF on forests may vary depending on pre-existing forest conditions, length of period to implement, perception, and decisions by local people.
90. Frimadani R, Yonariza Y and Y Yuerlita (2020) The implementation of community-based forest management (CBFM) schemes within the protection forest management unit (PFMU) Sijunjung, Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/583/1/012035 (Open access)
This paper aims to describe the implementation of CBFM schemes in the working area of PFMU Sijunjung in terms of its institutional and forest utilisation activities by the local community. It concludes that CBFM practice should consistently encourage local institutions as the core of forest management, as stated in the PFMU long-term plan, instead of establishing new institutions.
91. Gebreegziabher Z, Mekonnen A, Gebremedhin B and A Beyene (2020) Determinants of success of community forestry: Empirical evidence from Ethiopia. World Development.
DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105206
Based on data from 110 community forests in Ethiopia, the authors analyse the determinants of success of community forestry (CF) and characterise institutional attributes of community forests. Results show that the majority of both forest users and foresters view the CF toward subsistence rather than commercial value.
92. Hajjar R, et al (2020) A global analysis of the social and environmental outcomes of community forests. Nature Sustainability. DOI: 10.1038/s41893-020-00633-y
The authors present a comprehensive global analysis of environmental, income and natural resource rights outcomes of community forest management (CFM), using data from 643 cases in 51 countries. They find that while most cases report positive environmental and income-related outcomes, forest access and resource rights are often negatively affected by policies to formalise CFM, countering one of CFM’s principal goals.
93. Haji L, Valizadeh N and D Hayati (2020) The role of local communities in sustainable land and forest management. In Shit P, Pourghasemi H, Das P and G Bhunia (eds) Spatial Modeling in Forest Resources Management. Environmental Science and Engineering. Springer, Cham. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-56542-8_20
Local and community-based forest management is a multi-dimensional approach to sustainable forest management in which different stakeholders with different interests play a part in achieving a common goal. This chapter examines the role of participation of local communities in sustainable land and forest management.
94. Husseini R, Kendie S and P Agbesinyale (2020) Rights and responsibilities: The reality of forest fringe communities in the northern region of Ghana. IntechOpen. DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.93550 (Open access)
This article discusses the rights and responsibilities of the forest fringe communities under Ghana’s collaborative Forest Management in the northern region. The authors find that fringe communities have limited knowledge about their rights and responsibilities to the forest reserve.
95. Jannat M, Hossain K and M Uddin (2020) Socioeconomic factors that favour forest conservation reducing forest dependency of local communities in developing countries: Lesson learnt from the Rangamati hill district in Bangladesh. International Journal of Geography, Geology and Environment. Available here (PDF)
This study investigates the socioeconomic factors that favour forest conservation and influence people’s dependency on forest resources, revealing that peoples’ income from forests and forest-related occupations are positively aligned with their forest dependency.
96. Kosoe E, Beyuo A and R Addy-Morton (2020) Participatory exclusion in community-based forest management: The case of semi-arid Ghana. In Osabuohien E, et al (eds) Handbook of Research on Institution Development for Sustainable and Inclusive Economic Growth in Africa. IGI Global. Available here
The authors assess the perceptions of inhabitants around the Wa Community Forest Reserve, concerning the categories of people that benefit from the forest and the factors influencing community participation in the management of the forest reserve. The results show that community participation in the forest reserve management is below average.
97. Li Y, Gong P and J Ke (2020) Development opportunities, forest use transition, and farmers' income differentiation: The impacts of Giant panda reserves in China. Ecological Economics.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2020.106869
This paper examines the impact of the natural conservation policy in China's giant panda reserves on forest resource utilisation and its economic consequences. The results indicate that the use of forest resources by communities and farmers is changing from traditional consumptive uses, such as timber harvest and the collection of nontimber products, to non-consumptive uses such as ecotourism, forest farming and forest guard.
98. Miller D, Mansourian S and C Wildburger (2020) Forests, trees and the eradication of poverty: Potential and limitations. International Union of Forest Research Organizations (IUFRO). Available here (Open access)
This report presents the findings of the Global Forest Expert Panel on the interactions between forests and poverty and contributes to the implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development by highlighting the nexus between SDG 1 on ending poverty and SDG 15 on life on land, as well as relevant links to other SDGs.
99. Mushi H, Yanda P and M Kleyer (2020) Socioeconomic factors determining extraction of non-timber forest products on the slopes of Mt. Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. Human Ecology. DOI: 10.1007/s10745-020-00187-9 (Open access)
In this study on the foothills of Mt. Kilimanjaro, the authors assume that the extraction of NTFPs by local communities is related to sex, income, age, household size, and distance from the forest and test the significance among the variables. Their results contribute to a better targeted participatory forest management.
100. O’Hagan R, O’Connor A, Fa J and T Sunderland (2020). Community forestry in Liberia: Progress and pitfalls. In Nikolakis W and J Innes (eds) The Wicked Problem of Forest Policy: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Sustainability in Forest Landscapes. Cambridge University Press. DOI: 10.1017/9781108684439.013
The authors explore the evolution and development of community forestry in Liberia and assess prospects for its future implementation. They provide a clear framework of recommendations to address potential constraints to its success.
101. Oldekop J, et al (2020) Forest-linked livelihoods in a globalised world. Nature Plants. DOI: 10.1038/s41477-020-00814-9 (Open access)
The authors use a horizon scanning approach to identify five large-scale trends that are likely to have substantial medium- and long-term effects on forests and forest livelihoods: forest megadisturbances; changing rural demographics; the rise of the middle-class in low- and middle-income countries; increased availability, access and use of digital technologies; and large-scale infrastructure development.
102. Pinkerton E and M Rutherford (2020) Evaluating British Columbia’s Municipally Owned Community Forest Corporations as governance structures. Environmental Management. DOI: 10.1007/s00267-020-01384-4
The authors consider the strengths and vulnerabilities of the most common ownership and governance structure adopted by municipalities, the municipally owned corporation (MOC), by reviewing the performance of three different MOCs against standards of democratic and effective decision-making, and the record of each of these three community forests (CFs) in achieving its stated objectives.
103. Robson J, Wilson S, Sanchez C and A Bhatt (2020) Youth and the future of community forestry. Land. DOI: 10.3390/land9110406 (Open access)
The authors seek to connect researchers and practitioners with young people living in forest regions, and explore whether community forestry is, or could be, a viable option for them in a globalising world. They find that community forestry is not seen as an obvious livelihood pathway by a majority of youth.
104. Talukdar N, Choudhury P, Barbhuiya R and B Singh (2020) Importance of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) in rural livelihood: A study in Patharia Hills Reserve Forest, northeast India. Trees, Forest and People. DOI: 10.1016/j.tfp.2020.100042 (Open access)
The study is carried out in Patharia Hills Reserve Forest to understand the importance of NTFPs in the daily life of rural people living in the area adjacent to the reserve forest, the economic importance of NTFPs used by them and evaluate the lacunae of government strategies for their preservation.
105. Zamora-Maldonado H and V Avila-Foucat (2020) Non-timber forest product importance for rural household well-being in four coastal communities in Oaxaca, Mexico. International Forestry Review. DOI: 10.1505/146554820830405663
This research seeks to determine the role played by NTFPs at the household level in four localities with a high degree of marginalisation, located on the South Pacific coast of Mexico. The results show that NTFP use is a livelihood diversification strategy and promotes the objective and subjective well-being of rural households.
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News articles, blogs etc.
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106. How small-scale loggers can help save Africa’s tropical forests -> Small-time loggers providing timber to local villages have long been seen as a threat to African forests. But that view is changing, as evidence mounts that these communities can be better forest protectors than the governments that are sanctioning major commercial operations.
107. Gorongosa National Park is being reforested via coffee and agroforestry -> Gorongosa National Park is reforesting itself with the help of shade-grown coffee and other agroforestry crops. Marketed internationally, Gorongosa Coffee and other related ventures employ many local and indigenous people via this regenerative form of agriculture
108. Malaysia’s Indigenous people question timber sustainability -> Communities in state of Sarawak on Borneo say forest is being felled without their consent and still being certified as sustainable.
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Sustainable use and traditional knowledge
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109. Cowie W, et al (2020) IUCN Guidelines for gathering of fishers’ knowledge for policy development and applied use. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Environment Agency - Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.CH.2020.11.en (Open access)
This is also a SULi publication!
The purpose of these guidelines is to make it easier for users to recognise and include fishers’ knowledge as an important data stream in resource management. The report includes details on the breadth of knowledge that can be gathered, how it can be gathered, and how this information can be applied to support sustainable fisheries policy and broader applications in society.
110. Gilmore M, Griffiths B and M Bowler (2020) The socio-cultural significance of mineral licks to the Maijuna of the Peruvian Amazon: Implications for the sustainable management of hunting. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine. DOI: 10.1186/s13002-020-00412-1 (Open access)
Mineral licks are naturally occurring areas in the forest where animals come to obtain essential minerals or clays that are thought to neutralise plant-based alkaloids. The authors aim to better understand the socio-cultural importance of mineral licks to the Maijuna Indigenous group to inform the sustainable management of this habitat and associated wildlife populations.
111. Hwang L, Juliani H, Govindasamy R and J Simon (2020) Traditional botanical uses of Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFP) in seven counties in Liberia. African Natural Plant Products, Volume III. DOI: 10.1021/bk-2020-1361.ch001
This chapter aims to record indigenous knowledge regarding plants and their traditional uses and to assess how this knowledge is distributed across communities within seven counties in Liberia. The study emphasises the immense knowledge of local communities about the traditional use of natural plant resources.
112. Jabali W, Wamukota A and B Fulanda (2020) The role of indigenous knowledge in the management of marine resources: a case study of Kuruwitu and Mkunguni fishing areas in Kenya. Western Indian Ocean Journal of Marine Science. Available here (Open access)
This study identifies the existing types of Indigenous knowledge (IK) and practices used in the management of marine resources. The results show that the use of IK in the location of marine fish species and favourable conditions enables the fishers to understand the factors driving fish catches within these ecosystems.
113. Owusu Afriyie J and M Opare Asare (2020) Use of local ecological knowledge to detect declines in mammal abundance in Kogyae Strict Nature Reserve, Ghana. Environmental Management. DOI: 10.1007/s00267-020-01372-8
This study aims to explore Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK) on mammal abundance and qualitative population trends through interviews from 331 local people in and around Kogyae Strict Nature Reserve, Ghana. The results highlight the ability of LEK to provide reliable ecological information on animal abundance and qualitative population trends.
114. Selemani I (2020) Indigenous knowledge and rangelands’ biodiversity conservation in Tanzania: Success and failure. Biodiversity and Conservation. DOI: 10.1007/s10531-020-02060-z (Open access)
This review discusses how the coexistence of local communities with complex ecosystems offers them excellent experiences on rangelands’ biodiversity conservation. However, increasingly loss of rangelands’ biodiversity in the country is attributed to ignoring the contribution of local communities which are rich in indigenous knowledge and skills on rangelands management.
115. Su K, et al (2020) Efforts of indigenous knowledge in forest and wildlife conservation: A case study on Bulang People in Mangba Village in Yunnan Province, China. Forests. DOI: 10.3390/f11111178 (Open access)
This study records how a Bulang village in Yunnan Province uses indigenous knowledge to protect forests and wildlife and analyses the underlying reasons. The authors find that even without specific punishment measures, local people effectively controlled the use of natural resources through moral constraints, public-opinion constraints, and worship rituals.
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News articles, blogs etc.
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116. A budding botanist’s quest for plant-indigenous community relations -> Momang Taram, a budding ethnobotanist of the Adi indigenous community in Arunachal Pradesh, leverages her community’s traditional knowledge for taxonomic studies
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Sustainable use measurement, monitoring, assessment
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117. Camera B, et al (2020) Assessing the sustainability of yellow anaconda (Eunectes notaeus) harvest in northeastern Argentina. DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-109402/v1 (Open access)
The authors investigate the effects of the anaconda harvest on its biological parameters based on 2002-2016 data. They show that the levels of species exploitation are sustainable.
118. De Angeli K, et al (2020) Modelling the impact of wild harvest on plant–disperser mutualisms: Plant and disperser co-harvest model. Ecological Modelling. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2020.109328 (Open access)
The authors formulate a discrete-time model for interacting seed dispersers and plants under harvest. They find that the more dependent species will dictate the sustainable threshold level of harvest, and that higher levels of dependence could drive the species to local extinction.
119. Masoodi H and R Sundriyal (2020) Richness of non-timber forest products in Himalayan communities—diversity, distribution, use pattern and conservation status. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine. DOI: 10.1186/s13002-020-00405-0 (Open access)
The study aims to provide information on diversity, distribution, use pattern, and conservation status of selected NTFPs in Himachal Pradesh (India) that have market potential. The authors recommend a species-specific conservation strategy, proper harvesting protocol, cultivation practices, the supply of quality planting material, product development and diversification, and value chain development.
120. Masud M, Othman A, Akhtar R and S Rana (2020) The underlying drivers of sustainable management of natural resources: The case of marine protected areas (MPAs). Ocean and Coastal Management. DOI: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2020.105405 (Open access)
This study aims to explore the predominant factors affecting natural resources management within MPAs and the impact of said factors. The study found that economic, social, cultural and ecological development factors have a significant influence on “sustainable use of natural resources”.
121. McRae L, et al (2020) A global indicator of utilised wildlife populations: Regional trends and the impact of management. BioRxiv Preprints. DOI: 10.1101/2020.11.02.365031 (Open access)
The authors use a global data set of over 11,000 population time-series to derive indices of ‘used’ and ‘unused’ species and assess global and regional changes in wildlife populations. Their results show that wildlife population trends globally are negative, but with used populations tending to decline more rapidly, especially in Africa and the Americas. Crucially, where used populations are managed, using a variety of mechanisms, there is a positive impact on the trend.
122. Yulianto, et al (2020) Reconciling livelihoods and conservation for rattan sustainable harvesting in Lore Lindu National Park, Indonesia. Small-scale Forestry. DOI: 10.1007/s11842-020-09463-4
This study analyses multiple scenarios for balancing the ecological and economic sustainability of rattan harvesting in the Lore Lindu National Park. The results indicate that reconciliation will be best achieved through allocating a specific rattan utilisation area, deciding the harvesting quota, determining the number of harvesters, proposing a reasonable price, and restocking rattan for optimising income and a sustainable rattan population.
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News articles, blogs etc.
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No new news articles or blogs at this time.
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123. Barbosa J, Aguiar J and R Alves (2020) Hunting strategies used in protected areas in the Atlantic rainforest of north-eastern Brazil. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge. Available here (Open access)
The significance of faunal resources and their utilisation potential is well known and constitutes important natural resources in local communities in the Atlantic forests of region north-eastern Brazil, including in protected areas. In order to gain access to these resources, hunters have developed a series of techniques and strategies that are described in this study using interviews with 109 hunters in 4 official conservation units.
124. Borelli T, et al (2020) Born to eat wild: An integrated conservation approach to secure wild food plants for food security and nutrition. Plants. DOI: 10.3390/plants9101299 (Open access)
This paper reviews recent efforts being undertaken in several countries to build evidence of the importance of wild food plants, while providing examples of cross-sectoral cooperation and multi-stakeholder approaches that are contributing to advance their conservation and sustainable use.
125. Chaves W, et al (2020) Impacts of rural to urban migration, urbanisation, and generational change on consumption of wild animals in the Amazon. Conservation Biology. DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13663
The authors investigate how rural‐urban migration, combined with urbanisation and generational change, affects consumption of chelonians (tortoises and freshwater turtles). They find that urban demand for wildmeat is alarmingly high, with conservative estimates of approximately 1.7 million turtles and tortoises being consumed annually in Amazonas state.
126. Dell B, Souza M and A Willcox (2020) Attitudes, practices, and zoonoses awareness of community members involved in the bushmeat trade near Murchison Falls National Park, northern Uganda. PLoS ONE.
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239599 (Open access)
The authors interview 292 women who cook for their households and 180 self-identified hunters from 21 villages bordering Murchison Falls National Park in Uganda to gain insights into bushmeat preferences, opportunity for zoonotic pathogen transmission, and awareness of common wildlife-associated zoonoses.
127. Gombeer S, et al (2020) Exploring the bushmeat market in Brussels, Belgium: A clandestine luxury business. Biodiversity and Conservation. DOI: 10.1007/s10531-020-02074-7 (Open access)
The authors explore several aspects of the African bushmeat market in Brussels. Inquiries among central and western African expatriates living in Belgium, who frequently travel to their home countries, indicate that the consumption of bushmeat is culturally driven by the desire to remain connected to their countries of origin.
128. Ibbett H, et al (2020) Estimating hunting prevalence and reliance on wild meat in Cambodia's Eastern Plains. Oryx.
DOI: 10.1017/S0030605319001455 (Open access)
The authors estimate the prevalence of hunting behaviours and wildlife consumption amongst 705 households living within Keo Seima Wildlife Sanctuary, Cambodia. They detect a high awareness of conservation rules, but low awareness of punishments and penalties, with wildlife depletion, rather than the risk of being caught by patrols, causing the greatest reduction in hunting.
129. Nessa N, et al (2020) The role of women in the utilisation of Enhalus acoroides: Livelihoods, food security, impacts and implications for coastal area management. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/564/1/012073 (Open access)
This case study focuses on the role of coastal women with different levels of knowledge and utilisation of E. acoroides fruit in three cities/districts of South Sulawesi. The results show that the methods currently used for collecting the fruit can be destructive and may have contributed to the decline in seagrass cover. A win-win solution is needed to empower women while simultaneously managing seagrass ecosystems sustainably.
130. Ruppert K, et al (2020) Use of specialised questioning techniques to detect decline in giraffe meat consumption. SocArXiv. DOI: 10.31235/osf.io/8vw7c (Open access)
The authors estimate and compare behavioural prevalence of giraffe meat consumption between 2017 to 2019. The results suggest that there was a true reduction in giraffe meat usage during this time. A key change in the study area between the two time periods was the introduction of a community-based program for giraffe conservation.
131. Sachula, et al (2020) Wild edible plants collected and consumed by the locals in Daqinggou, Inner Mongolia, China. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine. DOI: 10.1186/s13002-020-00411-2 (Open access)
This study aims to conduct a detailed investigation and evaluation of wild edible plants that are collected and consumed by the Mongolian and Han locals in Daqinggou and to provide valuable data for the development and utilisation of plant resources.
132. Sardeshpande M and C Shackleton (2020) Fruits of the veld: Ecological and socioeconomic patterns of natural resource use across South Africa. Human Ecology. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10745-020-00185-x
The authors describe patterns of use of wild edible fruits (WEFs) in South Africa across socioeconomic and geographical gradients and compare them to the patterns of use of other wild foods and non-food NTFPs. They find WEFs were used by one-fifth of all sampled households, independent of economic and urbanisation gradients and were grown in or collected mostly from surrounding areas
133. van Velden J, Moyo B, Ross H and D Biggs (2020) Understanding the bushmeat hunting crisis in African savannas using fuzzy cognitive mapping and stakeholder knowledge. Ecology and Society. DOI: 10.5751/ES-11873-250321 (Open access)
The authors investigate bushmeat hunting and consumption in Malawi as a case study. They find that the concept of hunting is perceived as more complex than consumption, and that poverty, human population, and political will are shared as important drivers of both issues.
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News articles, blogs etc.
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134. Mapping the African bushmeat crisis -> The bushmeat crisis refers to the increasingly widespread practice of harvesting meat from locally available wild animals, mainly in Africa, Amazonia and Southeast Asia.
135. Bushmeat hunting: The greatest threat to Africa’s wildlife? -> Bushmeat hunting is a complex issue that is closely linked to development and is influenced by a diverse range of factors that vary from place to place.
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Wildlife trade (and CITES)
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136. Chen F and M ’t Sas-Rolfes (2020) Theoretical analysis of a simple permit system for selling synthetic wildlife goods. Ecological Economics. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2020.106873 (Open access)
The authors present an economic model of a market for wildlife products, using it to study theoretically the potential impact on the poaching of wildlife animals if a legal market for synthetic wildlife products is created.
137. Leupen B, et al (2020) Thirty years of trade data suggests population declines in a once common songbird in Indonesia. European Journal of Wildlife Research. DOI: 10.1007/s10344-020-01436-4
The authors report on the trade in the Sunda laughing thrush, using market data from 365 bird market surveys across a 30-year period. They conclude that a more proactive stance from the government, including increasing levels of protection and enforcement of existing regulations, community engagement and possibly targeted captive breeding may alleviate the pressure on remaining wild populations.
138. Marshall B, Strine C and A Hughes (2020) Thousands of reptile species threatened by under-regulated global trade. Nature Communications. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18523-4 (Open access)
The authors generate a dataset on web-based private commercial trade of reptiles to highlight the scope of the global reptile trade. They find that over 35% of reptile species are traded online and that three quarters of this trade is in species that are not covered by international trade regulation.
139. Mejías-Balsalobre C, et al (2020) Local community perceptions of sea turtle egg use in Tortuguero, Costa Rica. Ocean & Coastal Management. DOI: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2020.105423
This study identifies the perceptions and attitudes of the local community in Tortuguero towards the consumption and trade of sea turtle eggs and its impact on conservation. The results show that there is awareness among villagers about the negative effects of sea turtle egg consumption mainly on the economy and conservation, but that it continues as a traditional practice.
140. Šetlíková I and M Berec (2020) Diversity and volume of international trade in Old World pitcher plants. Australian Journal of Botany. DOI: 10.1071/BT20027
The authors present an in-depth look at the dynamics of the international trade in attractive and widely traded carnivorous Old World pitcher plants from their first appearance in the CITES Trade Database in 1983 until 2017.
141. Turner J and H Wels (2020) Lion conservation and the lion bone trade in South Africa: On CITES, shifting paradigms, “sustainable use” and rehabilitation. The Oriental Anthropologist. DOI: 10.1177/0972558X20952967
The Wildlife Animal Protection Forum of South Africa appealed against legalised trade in lion’s bones from captive lions, based on rational arguments that fit CITES and its Cartesian approach to animals but also on the paradigm shift where humans and animals are no longer considered different in kind but only in degree. This paradigm shift has led to initiatives to try and suggest possible ways forward for a political order that matches this “new normal.” Probably the most developed in this context is the concept of “zoopolis,” which is explored in this article.
142. Wang Y, Turvey S and N Leader-Williams (2020) Knowledge and attitudes about the use of pangolin scale products in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) within China. People and Nature. DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10150 (Open access)
The authors interview stakeholders in Henan and Hainan provinces to determine their knowledge of and attitudes towards the pangolin scale trade. Their findings suggest that raising awareness of the legality of pangolin scale products and petitioning TCM communities to use alternative substitutes for these products could constitute feasible and effective pangolin conservation interventions.
143. Wyatt T (2020) Canada and the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES): Lessons learned on implementation and compliance. Liverpool Law Review. DOI: 10.1007/s10991-020-09267-8 (Open access)
This study researches the lessons learned and best practice in regards to implementation of and compliance with CITES, using Canada as a case study. CITES needs to be improved to further protect endangered species and lessons from Canada and other countries can contribute to this improvement.
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News articles, blogs etc.
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144. Vietnam conservation regulations improving, but much work remains -> The country’s laws related to biodiversity conservation are robust and generally comprehensive, with strong penalties for violations in place. But enforcement remains a problem, while corruption and other issues also hinder improved protection of Vietnam’s wildlife.
145. CITES has degenerated into a battleground in the war between Western NGOs and African conservationists -> A new colonialism, led by US- and UK-based animal protection organisations, threatens the income potential of rural communities in several southern African nations.
146. Are wildlife trade bans backfiring? -> Trafficking in wild animal and plant products is driving species to extinction, but some researchers think restrictions only spur demand and make things worse.
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General (non-thematic articles on sustainable use and livelihoods)
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147. Bauer H, et al (2020) Consider divergent regional perspectives to enhance wildlife conservation across Africa. Nature Ecology and Evolution. DOI: 10.1038/s41559-020-01343-6 (Open access)
In African wildlife conservation literature, southern and south-eastern African voices dominate, giving a false impression of pan-Africanism. The authors present divergent perspectives from West, Central and the Horn of Africa and argue that empathy towards multiple perspectives offers increased resilience to COVID-19 and other crises.
148. Cabral R, et al (2020) A global network of marine protected areas for food. PNAS. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2000174117 (Open access)
The authors use data for 1,338 commercially important fisheries stocks around the world to model how MPAs in different locations would affect catch. They show that strategically expanding the existing global MPA network by just 5% can improve future catch by at least 20%, demonstrating that a global network of MPAs designed to improve fisheries productivity can substantially increase future catch, enabling synergistic conservation and food provisioning.
149. Cheng Q, et al (2020) Offering the win-win solutions between ecological conservation and livelihood development: National parks in Qinghai, China. Geography and Sustainability.
DOI: 10.1016/j.geosus.2020.10.001 (Open access)
This study focuses on the development of local people's livelihood in Qinghai's national parks and puts forward the viewpoint that national parks should set a long-term goal, and gradually advance based on the environmental conditions and appropriately prioritise the improvement of local people's wellbeing in the future.
150. Cheung H, et al (2020) Understanding Traditional Chinese Medicine to strengthen conservation outcomes. People and Nature. DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10166 (Open access)
The authors examine the core theories and practices of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in order to make TCM more accessible to conservation scientists and practitioners. A better understanding of TCM will enable conservationists to deliver more effective and lasting conservation outcomes.
151. Jones N, Malesios C, Kantartzis A and P Dimitrakopoulos (2020) The role of location and social impacts of protected areas on subjective wellbeing. Environmental Research Letters. DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/abb96e (Open access)
This paper analyses data from approximately 800 respondents living inside or near four PAs in Greece to assess their wellbeing levels. The results reveal that it is mainly PAs social impacts that have an effect on subjective wellbeing levels, suggesting that more effort needs to be invested in the equal distribution of PAs benefits in order to increase wellbeing and public support for these areas.
152. Latombe G, et al (2020) How moral values influence conservation: A framework to capture different management perspectives. bioRxiv Preprints. DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.04.282947 (Open access)
The authors present a conceptual framework that mathematically formalises the interplay of value systems, arguing that this framework provides a heuristic tool to clarify normative postulates in conservation approaches, and highlights how different value systems might rank various management options differently.
153. Leclère D, et al (2020) Bending the curve of terrestrial biodiversity needs an integrated strategy. Nature. DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2705-y
The authors use an ensemble of land-use and biodiversity models to assess whether—and how—humanity can reverse the declines in terrestrial biodiversity caused by habitat conversion. They show that immediate efforts could enable the provision of food for the growing human population while reversing the global terrestrial biodiversity trends caused by habitat conversion.
154. Li J, Li S, Daily G and M Feldman (2021) Classifying forest livelihoods in poor mountainous regions based on forest resource utilisation. In Rural Livelihood and Environmental Sustainability in China. Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore. DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-6349-2_4
Relations of households in poor mountainous areas to the environment are reflected on the one hand by households’ behaviour of forest resource utilisation and production, forestry-related production and direct utilisation of forest resources, and on the other hand by households’ attitudes, satisfaction, and other perceptions with respect to policies on ecological protection and forestry in the mountains areas where they live.
155. Maxwell S, et al (2020) Area-based conservation in the twenty-first century. Nature. DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2773-z (Open access)
The authors argue that to be more successful after 2020, area-based conservation must contribute more effectively to meeting global biodiversity goals and must better collaborate with the many Indigenous peoples, community groups and private initiatives that are central to the successful conservation of biodiversity.
156. Miao Z, et al (2020) Current societal views about sustainable wildlife management and conservation: A survey of college students in China. Animals. DOI: 10.3390/ani10101821 (Open access)
This study assesses attitudes of Chinese college students towards sustainable wildlife management and wildlife conservation, and investigates the role of demographic and other characteristics on attitude. The results show that students broadly support sustainable wildlife management but not in issues relating to “Animal Welfare and Rights” and “Trophy Hunting”.
157. Sarker S, et al (2020) Food security through employment generation in Safari parks of Bangladesh: Empirical study from socio-economic perspectives. International Journal of Geoheritage and Parks. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijgeop.2020.11.010 (Open access)
This study focuses on the role of Safari parks as a sustainable source of income and employment to ensure food security of the corresponding employees. The results reveal that overall livelihood of the household was positively changed where food security was significantly influenced by the mode of employment.
158. Vilá B and Y Arzamendia (2020) South American Camelids: Their values and contributions to people. Sustainability Science. DOI: 10.1007/s11625-020-00874-y (Open access)
The authors present three case studies (chakus for vicuña management, llama caravans, and llama nanobodies) to bring attention to the essential role of vicuñas and llamas for Andean communities today, their intercultural linkages with the Western world, and telecoupling interactions.
159. Wilson G, Edwards M and N Byron (2020) Custodianship of wildlife on private land to support conservation – an Australian model. The Rangeland Journal. DOI: 10.1071/RJ20039 (Open access)
This paper proposes a model that could increase abundance and distribution of Australia’s biodiversity, while providing financial incentives to private landholders to do so. Encouraging wildlife custodianship on private freehold land would be mutually beneficial, as it would not only result in an increase in biodiversity, but the economic value of wildlife could provide an income to landholders as well as enhancing Australia’s conservation system.
160. Zebardast L, Akbarpour S, Jafari H and M Karimi (2020) Sustainable wetland management through bridging the communication gap between conservation projects and local communities. Environment, Development and Sustainability. DOI: 10.1007/s10668-020-01082-5
In the case of Gharagheshlagh wetland, bordering Urmia Lake in the northwest of Iran, several conservation projects have been conducted, but their efforts have not led to tangible and long-lasting outcomes. The absence of full integration of the locals seems to be a major reason, and this study examines the causes of this failure.
161. Zhang J, et al (2020) A multiple importance–satisfaction analysis framework for the sustainable management of protected areas: Integrating ecosystem services and basic needs. Ecosystem Services. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoser.2020.101219
The authors introduce a multiple importance–satisfaction framework to gauge whether a national park pilot in China currently meets the requirements of sustainable development. The framework emphasises that considering both ecosystem services and basic needs is conducive to improving the sustainability of protected areas’ management policies.
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News articles, blogs etc.
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162. Fears for a million livelihoods in Kenya and Tanzania as Mara River fish die out -> Water biodiversity is on the brink, with dire consequences for the region known for the zebra and wildebeest migration, says WWF.
163. We’re not protecting enough of the right areas to save biodiversity -> Adequate protection of the world’s biodiversity will require conservation areas in the right places, the involvement of Indigenous peoples and local communities in decision-making and management, ecologically connectivity between protected areas, and much more financing.
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