“We may add that it is not an act of justice but of foolish injustice to pretend the sexes are the same. Justice is exercised in respectfully providing for the due needs of each.”― J. Budziszewski, Professor, University of Texas at Austin and Author of “What We Can’t Not Know: A Guide”

A 2017 review reported that women outperformed men in memory and learning, while men performed better in spatial and motor tasks.  Furthermore, women were more likely to have a higher rate of cerebral blood flow, a higher percentage of gray matter, and more connections between left and right hemispheres of their brains, whereas men had a higher percentage of white matter and more connections within the left hemisphere of their brains.

A 2017 cross-sectional study investigated the associations between emotional intelligence and cognitive functioning in 137 healthy adults (89 women and 48 men).  The study found that men scored significantly higher in cognition (specifically verbal memory, working memory, motor speed, verbal fluency, attention and processing speed, and reasoning and problem-solving skills).  It also did not find any differences in emotional intelligence between sexes.

A 2010 study examined toy preferences in 120 infants aged 12, 18, and 24 months.  It reported that girls had a significant preference for dolls, while boys had a significant preference for cars. However, this study did not find preferences for colors and shapes.