“Many sex differences in the brain are coordinate with sex differences in personality, abilities, and social behavior.”― Charles Murray, Political Scientist, WH Brady Scholar at the American Enterprise Institute

A 2001 comprehensive report from the National Academy of Sciences concluded that sex impacts health. Moreover, it reported that variations in health between sexes are caused by differences in reproductive hormones, genetic and physiological constitutions, and environmental factors..

A 1994 meta-analysis examined differences in personality traits between genders.  It found that men were more assertive than women, while women were more anxious, gregarious, trustful, and nurturing than men.  However, it did not find differences between the sexes in control tendencies, impulsivity, and orderliness.

A 2015 review found different stress responses between sexes across stages of life.  The study found that exposure to stress during gestation put male babies at greater risk of neurodevelopmental disorders, such as schizophrenia, compared to young girls. Meanwhile exposure to stress during childhood put young girls at greater risk for affective disorders compared to young boys. Finally, exposure to stress during reproductive years put women at greater risk for psychiatric disorders compared to men.