Randomized controlled trials with several hundred patients and 15 year follow up have documented that biologic repair of subchondral lesions for patients with osteoarthritis and osteonecrosis is a viable alternative to total knee arthroplasty. This same technique has been shown to be effective to reduce the re-tear rate in rotator cuff surgery with a 10 year follow up as well as to repair certain non-unions and to slow the progression of osteonecrosis of the femoral head.
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