The extraction of magnets from different waste streams plays a key role in the establishment of a rare earth elements value chain in Europe based on secondary resources and requires significant R&D as well as industrialisation efforts. Hard disk drives and electric motors represent attractive sources for the recovery of NdFeB magnets from EoL products. These are applications where disassembly is attractive from an economical point of view due to the magnet quantities and the advantageous product properties. Electric vehicle traction drives are of central importance, as they contain attractive quantities and quality grades of rare earth magnets. In parallel, the automotive industry is a major driver of demand for rare earth elements.
Today, a large proportion of electronic waste is processed by shredding, which means that the magnets are lost in the ferrous fraction. To change this situation, fundamental research is needed with the aim of developing a universally applicable process chain.
Due to the increasing demand of rare earth magnets, the uncertainty of supply, and the growing waste streams containing rare earth elements, rapid industrialisation of the developed process chains is necessary. The REEPRODUCE project is performing pioneering work by demonstrating a practical level of industrialisation using the realised pilots. To do so, the machinery will be transferred to several European recycling facilities to be validated under real conditions. This is an important step towards meeting the objectives of the European economic strategy, which have been defined in the Critical Raw Materials Act.
In the context of the REEPRODUCE project, the Institute for Factory Automation and Production Systems (FAPS) of the Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg(FAU) has developed the concepts to recover neodymium magnets from relevant waste streams. This includes both dismantling of end-of-life (EoL) products containing rare earth magnets as well as sorting processes for shredded ferreous fractions with a rare earth content.