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Knowledge and Library Services Part of the Barts Health Education Academy
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April 2023
Hello and welcome to this edition of Barts Health Knowledge and Library Services' monthly Inclusion and Diversity Evidence Update.
Please let us know how we can improve future updates by providing feedback, and let us know if there are any resources or publications you would like us to feature.
To find out more about the library services available to you, including our highly-regarded literature searching service and desktop document supply service, please visit our WeShare page.
Feel free to cascade this update to any colleagues who might be interested.
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From South, Central and West (SCW)
- Unlocking data that will change lives
"A significant issue facing under-represented communities in the UK right now is the burden of health inequalities. Studies show that people from these communities have significantly poorer health outcomes and experiences in terms of both initial contact with health professionals and follow-up care.
Together with Kent and Medway, and Sussex ICSs, we’re working on a new, innovative project looking to address this problem and narrow the gap. The two-year programme will work closely with the academic community and innovators on research programmes looking to address these challenges. "
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From Medical News Today:
- Why Black patients tend to have a higher rate of kidney dialysis graft failure
"In a new study, researchers assessed how ethnicity impacts the success of arteriovenous grafts for dialysis.
They report that African Americans are more likely to experience graft failure than other ethnicities.
They also found that the presence of a radiology residency training program in hospitals helps eliminate graft failure risk.
Further studies are needed to determine why African Americans are more likely to experience graft failure."
- Obesity: Men and women have different drivers that lead to weight gain
"New research suggests that obesity affects different parts of the brain in men and women, potentially requiring sex-specific treatment options.
While some brain imaging studies have shown how obesity affects eating habits, this study analyzed different types of brain scans in combination with other clinical information to compare differences between males and females with high BMI compared to those with a normal BMI.
The researchers found that specific parts of the brain differed between males and females with high BMI, indicating that tailoring treatments to each person’s sex may be crucial in combating obesity."
- What are some different types of gender identity?
"This article will discuss what gender identity is, some definitions of different gender identities, and where people can find support. It will also look at how gender exists on a spectrum."
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From the Association for Young People’s Health:
- Themes from available data The importance of ethnicity for understanding young people’s experiences of health inequalities
"In the population as a whole more young people than older people fall into ethnic minority groups (AYPH, 2021). Yet little is understood about how health outcomes vary by ethnic groups for young people aged 10-25 in the UK. In this report we have collated a range of publicly available data sources in order to examine the level of ethnic health inequalities experienced by young people. The structure of the report considers the drivers, levers and outcomes of health inequalities in turn"
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From All-Party Parliamentary Group:
- Health Disparities - Why medical research is a crucial tool for change
"This report is the culmination of an enquiry the All-Party Parliamentary Group on Medical Research conducted to better understand the role research can play to address health disparities. The report's recommendations propose a shift in priorities for research funding, diversity and inclusion in research, and the implementation of findings"
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From Nature Medicine: Interactions between the lipidome and genetic and environmental factors in autism
"Autism omics research has historically been reductionist and diagnosis centric, with little attention paid to common co-occurring conditions (for example, sleep and feeding disorders) and the complex interplay between molecular profiles and neurodevelopment, genetics, environmental factors and health. Here we explored the plasma lipidome (783 lipid species) in 765 children (485 diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD)) within the Australian Autism Biobank. We identified lipids associated with ASD diagnosis (n = 8), sleep disturbances (n = 20) and cognitive function (n = 8) and found that long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids may causally contribute to sleep disturbances mediated by the FADS gene cluster"
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From The Journal of Clinical Investigation: Preconception paternal ethanol exposures induce alcohol-related craniofacial growth deficiencies in fetal offspring
"Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) is characterized by a range of structural birth defects, including facial dysmorphia, central nervous system growth deficits (microcephaly), and prenatal/postnatal growth restriction, which correlate with the magnitude of prenatal alcohol exposure. Although exclusively attributed to the maternal consumption of alcohol during pregnancy, multiple clinical studies and case reports have emerged describing instances where infants presenting with alcohol-related birth defects were born
to mothers who denied consuming alcohol during pregnancy. For example, the Collaboration on FASD Prevalence (CoFASP) research consortium recently conferred a diagnosis of FAS to a cohort of 41 children whose mothers refused to endorse alcohol use during pregnancy. The prevailing rationalization for these reported inconsistencies is that the mothers did not faithfully report their prenatal alcohol use (4). However, the recent identification of epigenetic mechanisms of paternal inheritance presents an
alternative explanation; that the drinking habits of the birth father may contribute to the emergence of alcohol-related phenotypes in their offspring. However, due to the misconception that sperm do not transmit information beyond the genetic code, the influence of paternal drinking on the development of alcohol-related birth defects has not been rigorously examined."
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From the Annals of Vascular Surgery: Gender Bias in Clinical Trial Enrollment: Female Authorship Matters
"Female authorship of clinical trial publications, specifically having both first and senior authors as female, was correlated with higher female enrollment in clinical trials when compared to male authorship and endured with multiple subset analyses."
From Health Expectations: Gender bias in shared decision-making among cancer care guidelines: A systematic review
"Background: In cancer care, the promotion and implementation of shared decision-making in clinical practice guidelines (CPG) and consensus statements may have potential differences by gender.
Objective: To systematically analyse recommendations concerning shared decision-making in CPGs and consensus statements for the most frequent cancers exclusively among males (prostate) and females (endometrial).
Discussion and Conclusions
We observed a significant gender bias as shared decision-making was systematically more often recommended in the prostate compared to endometrial cancer guidelines. These findings should encourage new CPGs and consensus statements to consider shared decision-making for improving cancer care regardless of the gender affected."
From Sports Medicine - Open: Women Have Tendons… and Tendinopathy: Gender Bias is a “Gender Void” in Sports Medicine with a Lack of Women Data on Patellar Tendinopathy—A Systematic Review
"Patellar tendinopathy is one of the most common musculoskeletal problems associated with sport. While commonly perceived as a predominantly male problem, recent epidemiological studies revealed that it also affects a large number of sport-active women. The aim of this systematic review was to understand how the available treatments apply to women affected by patellar tendinopathy."
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From BMJ Open: A mixed-methods evaluation of unconscious racial bias training for NHS senior practitioners to improve the experiences of racially minoritised students
"Objective The degree awarding gap indicates that racially minoritised higher education students receive lower degree classifications relative to their white peers. While the reasons for this are complex, research suggests that educator and practitioner attitudes and behaviour towards racially minoritised students are a significant contributing factor. This preregistered study evaluates the effectiveness of unconscious racial bias training (URBT) to enhance National Health Service senior practitioner’s recognition of how racial inequalities negatively impact racially minoritised students."
From Nurse Education in Practice: The lived experiences of racial bias for Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic students in practice: A hermeneutic phenomenological study
From Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine: Fairness in Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Assessing Sex and Racial Bias in Deep Learning-Based Segmentation
"Artificial intelligence (AI) techniques have been proposed for automation of cine CMR segmentation for functional quantification. However, in other applications AI models have been shown to have potential for sex and/or racial bias. The objective of this paper is to perform the first analysis of sex/racial bias in AI-based cine CMR segmentation using a large-scale database."
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From the European Association of Urology: Fertility preservation and sperm quality in adolescent transgender patients prior to hormonal treatment
"As increasing numbers of adolescents with gender dysphoria(GD) start gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonists (GnRHa), their unknown affects make fertility preservation (FP) increasingly important and strongly recommended, prior to starting hormone
treatment (HT). FP in GD adults has shown poorer sperm parameters than expected. As younger patients are now receiving HT, we investigated the take up, hormonal profile and sperm quality in adolescents undergoing FP via cryopreservation or surgical sperm retrieval (SSR), prior to starting
HT."
From Climacteric: Transgender health and the impact of aging and menopause
"This narrative review aims to provide an overview of transgender health with a focus on masculinizing and feminizing GAHT for clinicians experienced
in menopausal hormone therapy and discuss implications of aging when managing trans adults across the lifespan."
From Psycho-Oncology: Cisheteronormativity and its influence on the psychosocial experience of LGBTQ+ people with cancer: A qualitative systematic review
"Cisheteronormativity refers to the relationship of heterosexual and cisgender privilege stemming from patriarchy. Although studies have shown that cisheteronormativity can impact health outcomes for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer and other sexual, gender diverse, and gender nonconforming (LGBTQ+) people, the specific impact on cancer care has not been described. We synthesized the qualitative evidence on how cisheteronormativity impacts the psychosocial experience of LGBTQ+ people with cancer."
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From the Journal of Pain and Symptom Management: Relationship Between Religion/Spirituality and the Aggressiveness of Cancer Care: A Scoping Review
"The present review addresses the following research questions: 1) Is there a relationship between Religiosity/spirituality/religious-spiritual coping (RS) and the receipt of aggressive cancer treatment at the (end-of-life) EOL? 2) How was RS assessed? 3) How was treatment preference/receipt assessed?"
From Palliative Medicine: Spiritual, religious, and existential concerns of children and young people with life-limiting and life-threatening conditions: A qualitative interview study
"In a recent systematic review on spiritual care in palliative care, only two of 53 included studies were of paediatric populations and neither study included primary data from children.10 Similarly, a systematic review of symptoms and concerns of children with life-limiting and life-threatening conditions found that of the 37/81 studies that included spiritual concerns, nearly all focused on cancer and recruited professionals or parents as proxies. Moreover, much of the existing literature has focused more on religious aspects of spirituality.11,12 As part of a larger study to develop and test outcome measurement for children and young people facing life-limiting illness13 this article aims to identify and describe the components of the spiritual domain of palliative care for children with life-limiting and life-threatening conditions as expressed by the children themselves, their families, professionals and commissioners."
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New title available in our collection:
Read our latest Staff Wellbeing Evidence Update (published April 2023) here.
Read our latest Safer Surgery Evidence Update (published April 2023) here.
Read our latest Research from Barts Health Authors (published March 2023) here.
Read our latest Leadership Evidence Update (published March 2023) here
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Happy to help.
If you require the full text of any of the articles mentioned above, or any other assistance, please email bartshealth.library@nhs.net
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