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CHUMASH
Parshas Pinchas - Chamishi with Rashi
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Hashem tells Moshe Rabbeinu to remind the Yidden to do what Hashem wants, even after Moshe passes away. They shouldn’t forget to bring the korbanos that Hashem asked them to bring.
Hashem tells Moshe Rabbeinu to remind the Yidden to always bring the Korban Tamid two times every day, just like Hashem said. (These pesukim are a part of davening, the paragraph that starts “Vayedaber” that we say in korbanos before Shacharis and Mincha! After the Churban, Shacharis and Mincha take the place of these korbanos, so we say this paragraph before davening.)
Hashem also tells Moshe to remind the Yidden about the special korban of Shabbos. (We say these pesukim in Musaf on Shabbos, since our davening then takes the place of this korban.) He reminds them about the korban for Rosh Chodesh, too. (Since we can’t bring the actual korban, we say THESE pesukim in Musaf of Rosh Chodesh, which is in place of bringing the Rosh Chodesh korban. These pesukim are also part of the Kriyas HaTorah for Rosh Chodesh.)
The Torah tells us the details of the animals that are brought for each of these korbanos, and the Mincha (flour and oil) and Nesech (wine) brought together with each of them:
TAMID: (2 times every day) 1 lamb for an Olah
SHABBOS: 2 lambs for an Olah
ROSH CHODESH: 2 bulls, 1 ram, and 7 lambs for an Olah AND a goat for a Chatas (in case any Yidden did an aveira by coming into the Beis Hamikdash or bringing a Korban while they were tomei without realizing it)
Each animal brought for a Korban Olah also needs a Mincha (fine flour and oil) and a Nesech (wine).
For each lamb (Keves) : 1/10 eifah of flour mixed with 1/4 hin of oil, and 1/4 hin of wine
For each ram (Ayil): 2/10 eifah of flour mixed with 1/3 hin of oil, and 1/3 hin of wine
For each bull (Par): 3/10 eifah of flour mixed with 1/2 hin of oil, and 1/2 hin of wine
This shiur in Chumash, about the Korban Tomid, is very special to learn now! Do you know why? Because during the Three Weeks we are supposed to learn about the Beis Hamikdash and the Avodah in the Beis Hamikdash. The Korban Tomid was part of the Avodah every day!
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Today’s kapitelach of Tehillim are Kuf-Vov and Kuf-Zayin.
Kapitel Kuf-Zayin starts with the words “Hodu LaHashem Ki Tov, Ki LeOlam Chasdo!” “Thank Hashem because He is good, His kindness is forever!”
The first word is “Hodu,” which means to thank. But it also means something else! Hodu also means to “admit.”
What are we admitting to?
The Tzemach Tzedek explains that we know that Hashem is creating the world EVERY SECOND and is here inside us EVERY MOMENT. But we don’t see it! But we need to admit that it’s true anyway.
When Moshiach comes, we won’t have to admit it anymore — we will all be able to SEE it!
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TANYA
Igeres Hateshuvah Perek Hey
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We are learning what is special about a Yiddishe Neshama. This way we can understand what happens to it when someone does an aveira, and how a person can do Teshuvah.
We said that every Yid has the name of Hashem (Havaya) in his neshama. When we serve Hashem in a HIDDEN way (with our minds and hearts), we get chayus from the first half of Hashem’s name. When we ACT the way a Yid should, we get chayus from the last letters of Hashem’s name.
The chayus of Hashem which is in our neshama also gives chayus to the Guf (body). The chayus that connects us to Hashem is like a rope that ties two things together — it connects the Yid to Hashem, and Hashem’s chayus to the Yid.
When a Yid does an aveira that deserves the punishment of Kareis, it cuts off the chayus from Hashem to the guf.
The chayus that comes to a Yid is a very strong chayus from Hashem. It is compared to blowing, which takes much more energy than speaking!
When a Yid does a Kareis aveira, it’s like he is putting up a wall to block that powerful koach of Hashem.
That’s why in the times of the Beis Hamikdash, a person who did an aveira that deserves kareis passed away before he got old, because he couldn’t live without the chayus of his neshama. (Later this changed, and we will IY”H see why later.) He still had some chayus left from before he did the aveira so he is still able to live for some time (and has a chance to do teshuvah), but then the chayus runs out.
So what happens with other aveiros? It also weakens the Yid’s connection with Hashem, but it is a little different. Our connection to Hashem is like a big “rope” made of 613 strings, one for each mitzvah. If someone does an aveira, it’s like Chas Veshalom cutting ONE of these strings, which makes the entire rope of connection weaker.
We will learn later how to strengthen the connection again, through Teshuvah!
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Today the Rebbe tells us how the Darkei Hachassidus affect us!
The Rebbe Rashab said:
1) A Chassidishe Vort (a saying) makes the head clear and the heart pure!
When we hear a Chassidishe vort it makes us feel like a Chossid! It takes away shmutz from our minds and makes us feel more aidel.
2) Chassidishe behavior (acting the way Chassidus teaches) makes our house bright — making it a lichtige house!
3) A Chassidishe Niggun is very special! It makes our bitachon in Hashem strong, and we KNOW that everything will be good! It brings simcha, and keeps the whole family safe from the darkness of the world.
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Today in Sefer Hamitzvos, we learn the same mitzvah (Mitzvas Asei #153) again: How the Beis Din needs to make a calendar and calculate the months and the years. This is the mitzvah of Kiddush Hachodesh.
We learn this mitzvah from a posuk in Parshas Bo: הַחֹדֶשׁ הַזֶּה לָכֶם רֹאשׁ חֳדָשִׁים
The details are explained in Mesechta Sanhedrin perek Alef, Mesechta Rosh Hashana and Brachos.
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RAMBAM
Hilchos Kiddush Hachodesh
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In today’s Rambam, Perakim Yud-Beis, Yud-Gimmel and Yud-Daled, we are learning more about how the Beis Din knows where the moon will be on Rosh Chodesh.
To understand these halachos, you need to know about how the sun and stars and moon move around (orbits).
These calculations help the Beis Din figure out where the moon should be, so they can make sure that what the witnesses are saying makes sense, and that they really DID see the new moon!
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This perek teaches us what happens if something is stolen while another person is watching it. It isn’t counted as being returned until the owner is sure that he got it back!
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At the top of the 15 steps going into the Azara, where the Mizbeiach was, there were two big gates, called Shaar Nikanor. These gates were very unusual — they were the only ones in the whole Beis Hamikdash that weren’t covered with gold, and they were named after a person! Why?
Nikanor was a Yid who loved the Beis Hamikdash so much, that he wanted to do something special for it! He decided to take all of his money and go to Alexandria, in Mitzrayim, where there were coppersmiths who could do the most beautiful work in the world. He paid them a lot of money to make two huge doors for the Beis Hamikdash out of the finest copper that money could buy.
They worked very hard, and made two magnificent doors. Nikanor paid them, and hired a ship to bring the heavy doors to Eretz Yisroel.
On the way, there was a big storm, and the sailors were afraid the ship would sink! “It’s because of these heavy copper doors!” they cried out, and even though Nikanor begged them not to, they threw one of the doors into the sea. At first, the ship seemed to be doing better, but then it started to rock again like it would sink! The sailors wanted to throw the other door into the water too, but this time Nikanor held onto the door tightly! He yelled, “If you throw this one in, you will have to throw me in too!”
The sailors didn’t want to do that, and soon the storm ended and the ship made it to Eretz Yisroel. Nikanor was very sad that he had only one door for the Beis Hamikdash — but then, he saw something shining in the water! The second door didn’t sink, even though it was so heavy! It floated behind the ship, all the way to Eretz Yisroel!
The Chachomim decided not to cover these doors with gold, so that everyone will see the neis that Hashem made!
These doors were so heavy, it took 20 kohanim to open them! They were only opened on Shabbos and Yom Tov and if the king was there. On other days, you would go into the Azara using smaller doors on the sides of Shaar Nikanor.
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The next bracha we say in Birchos Hashachar in the morning is Asher Yatzar. We say it in Birchos Hashachar for two reasons:
1) In the morning, we are like a new creation, a “Beryah Chadasha!” We are starting a new day, a new avodah. We thank Hashem for giving us this amazing guf that we can use to serve Hashem with!
2) The Chachomim teach us to say the bracha of Asher Yatzar after using the bathroom. Since we aren’t allowed to daven if we need to use the bathroom, and a person usually needs to use the bathroom in the morning, we will probably need to say Asher Yatzar at the beginning of Birchos Hashachar anyway.
In the bracha of Asher Yatzar, we speak about the amazing body Hashem gave us, and how incredible it is that it works just right!
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Every time we use the bathroom during the day, we say the bracha of Asher Yatzar.
After coming out of the bathroom, we wash our hands and say this bracha, thanking Hashem that our body is working well.
When we say the bracha of Asher Yatzar — just like with any other bracha — we shouldn’t be doing anything else, not even drying our hands. We should be paying attention to what we are saying, and appreciating that our body is working properly.
It is written in seforim that paying attention to the words that we say in this bracha, to thank Hashem for His kindness that our body is working properly, is a segulah for good health.
See the Alter Rebbe’s Shulchan Aruch, siman Kuf-Pey-Gimmel se’if Yud-Daled
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לעילוי נשמת הרה״ח ר׳ דניאל יצחק ע״ה בן ר׳ אפרים שי׳ מאסקאוויץ
שליח כ"ק אדמו"ר נשיא דורנו למדינת אילינוי
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Throughout the year, and especially during the Three Weeks, we learn about the Beis Hamikdash! We know from the Navi Yechezkel how important it is for us to learn about the measurements of the Beis Hamikdash even during the time of Golus.
In this posuk, Hashem tells Yechezkel that if the Yidden learn the details about the Beis Hamikdash, they will be zoche to help build it when Moshiach comes!
וְאִם נִכְלְמוּ מִכֹּל אֲשֶׁר עָשׂוּ צוּרַת הַבַּיִת וּתְכוּנָתוֹ וּמוֹצָאָיו וּמוֹבָאָיו וְכָל צוּרֹתָיו וְאֵת כָּל חֻקֹּתָיו וְכָל צוּרֹתָיו וְכָל תּוֹרֹתָיו הוֹדַע אוֹתָם וּכְתֹב לְעֵינֵיהֶם וְיִשְׁמְרוּ אֶת כָּל צוּרָתוֹ וְאֶת כָּל חֻקֹּתָיו וְעָשׂוּ אוֹתָם
Ve’im Nichlemu Mikol Asher Asu — If the Yidden feel bad about the aveiros they did, then:
Tzuras Habayis — The way the Beis Hamikdash is set up
Usechunaso — and where each part is,
Umotza’av Umova’av — the size of all of the doorways,
Vechol Tzurosav — the way each room looks
Ve’eis Kol Chukosav — and what each room is used for,
Vechol Tzurosav — the decorations over the doors,
Vechol Torasav — and where the kohanim and the rest of the Yidden are supposed to be,
Hoda Osam — you should tell the Yidden about all of these things
U’chesov Le’eineihem — and write them down so they can learn it!
Veyishmeru Es Kol Tzuraso Ve’es Kol Chukosav — This way they will remember how the Beis Hamikdash should look and what each room should be used for,
Ve’asu Osam — and then they will be zoche to get up in the time of Techiyas Hameisim and be part of building it!
See Yechezkel perek Mem-Gimmel posuk Yud-Alef with Metzudas Dovid
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לע"נ התינוק זאב ארי' ע"ה בן יבלט"א הרה"ח ר' שניאור זלמן שי' גליק
נפטר ב' מנחם אב ה'תשע"ג
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