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CHUMASH
Parshas Pinchas - Rishon with Rashi
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Hashem shows the Yidden that Pinchas did the right thing, and makes him a kohen! He tells Moshe that they will have to attack Midyan. He also tells Moshe to count the Yidden and that soon they will go into Eretz Yisroel!
Some of the Yidden were upset that Pinchas killed Zimri. They made fun of him and said he was like his grandfather, Yisro, who used to be mean to the animals he shechted for Avodah Zarah. They said that he wasn’t trying to do the right thing, he was just being mean like his grandfather. They said that Zimri was trying to do the right thing by marrying Kozbi, so that Moshe wouldn’t be upset at the whole shevet Shimon for doing an aveira by marrying the daughters of Moav.
To show that this is not true, this parsha starts by saying “Pinchas ben Elazar ben Aharon Hakohen” — saying that Pinchas comes from Aharon. That is who Pinchas was acting like! Aharon always tried to make peace between people, and Pinchas killed Zimri to bring peace between the Yidden and Hashem!
Hashem also made Pinchas a kohen, to show how happy He is with him! (Even though Pinchas came from the family of Aharon, he wasn’t a kohen before. He was born BEFORE Hashem said that Aharon and his sons will be kohanim, and a baby only becomes a kohen if his father is a kohen when he is born.)
But Zimri WASN’T trying to bring peace! Zimri’s name is “Zimri ben Salu Nesi Veis Av L’Shimoni.” The Torah tells us that his shevet is from Shimon, who killed the people of Shechem without rachmanus. The Torah is showing us that Zimri was NOT doing what he did to bring peace.
Hashem told Moshe that soon he will have to attack Midyan for what they did. Many of the girls who made the Yidden do aveiros were from Midyan, including Kozbi who was the daughter of one of the kings of Midyan.
It wasn’t time yet to attack Moav, though, even though most of the girls were from Moav, because Moav made trouble because they were scared of the Yidden. (Midyan didn’t have any reason to make trouble — they just did it because hated the Yidden.) Another reason not to attack Moav now was because Rus would later come from Moav.
Now Hashem told Moshe to count the Yidden again, to show how He loved them and took care of them the whole time in the Midbar. Soon they will be going into Eretz Yisroel, and we will see how many Yidden will be going into Eretz Yisroel.
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Today’s shiur Tehillim is kapitelach Pey-Ches and Pey-Tes.
One of the things it talks about in Kapitel Pey-Tes is how Hashem gave the melucha (the special job to be the Yiddishe kings) to Dovid Hamelech and his children. “Zaro Le’olam Yihiyeh” — “his children will be forever.”
Now we don’t have any Yiddishe king, so what happens to Hashem’s promise?
Moshiach comes from Dovid Hamelech, so Hashem’s promise to Dovid Hamelech really does go forever! We will see that our king Moshiach comes from the family of Dovid!
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TANYA
Igeres Hateshuvah Perek Daled
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In the first three perakim of Igeres HaTeshuvah, the Alter Rebbe told us what the mitzvah of Teshuvah is, and how to become close again to Hashem if someone did an aveira Chas Veshalom.
Chassidus teaches us about the NESHAMA, the deeper meaning (pnimiyus) of Torah and mitzvos. Now, the Alter Rebbe will start to explain to us the pnimiyus of this special mitzvah of Teshuvah.
We will understand what happens to the neshama when a Yid does an aveira and how that is fixed with teshuvah. We will also learn what we should think about to make sure we never allow ourselves to do an aveira.
The Zohar says that the word Teshuvah is really TWO words: Tashuv (return), and the letter Hey — bring back the Hey!
What Hey is this talking about?
Hashem’s name has four letters: a Yud and a Hey and a Vov and a Hey — there are two Heys.
Every Yid’s neshama — which is part of Hashem — has the name of Hashem in it. When we act the way Hashem wants, Hashem’s name in us is whole! But if someone does an aveira, the Heys get separated from Hashem’s name and go into Golus and kelipah, which brought the Yid to do an aveira.
When a Yid does Teshuvah, he is able to bring back the Hey into the neshama, making Hashem’s chayus shine completely and the name of Hashem whole.
There are TWO Heys in Hashem’s name, and there are TWO kinds of Teshuvah! One kind of Teshuvah is called Teshuvah Tata’ah, the LOWER kind of Teshuvah, which brings back the last Hey. There is also Teshuvah Ila’ah, the HIGHER kind of Teshuvah, bringing back the first Hey.
Some aveiros are so big that only the higher kind of Teshuvah will help. (We will IY”H learn more about this later in Igeres HaTeshuvah.)
Now the Alter Rebbe asks a question:
There are some kinds of aveiros where Hashem punishes the person who did them with Kareis. The chachomim explain that Kareis, which means that the person becomes separate from Hashem chas veshalom, means that the person will also pass away at an early age. But nowadays, we see that many people who do these aveiros live for a long time anyhow! Why?
When we learn the answer to this question, we will understand what happens to a Yid’s neshama when a person does an aveira, the difference between nowadays and the time of the Beis Hamikdash, and how special it is when a Yid does teshuvah!
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In today’s Hayom Yom, we see how the Alter Rebbe was very proud of one of his Chassidim for his hard work in his avodah.
The Alter Rebbe said about his chossid R’ Moshe Vilenker, that R’ Moshe has “Mochin D’Gadlus.” By putting his kochos into learning Chassidus for ten years, he made his mind able to hold a tremendous amount of Chassidus!
What were these ten years that the Alter Rebbe was talking about?
Before R’ Moshe Vilenker went into Yechidus with the Alter Rebbe, he prepared for three years. Only then did he go into Yechidus.
Afterwards, for seven years, he was constantly thinking about, farbrenging about, and trying to learn more about the words that the Alter Rebbe told him. R’ Moshe Vilenker made sure that what the Alter Rebbe told him could be seen in every part of his life.
One of the things this Hayom Yom can help us to understand is what we are learning now in Igeres HaTeshuvah! The Alter Rebbe told us that a person can do teshuvah very quickly, but to make sure that the teshuvah will last, a person needs to learn well, understand, and farbreng with himself (together with the other steps of teshuvah that we will learn about soon) for a long time! To be the best kind of teshuvah possible, the Alter Rebbe writes that it can take up to 10 years! We learn from R’ Moshe Vilenker that if we work hard, we will succeed.
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In Sefer Hamitzvos, we again learn the mitzvah (Mitzvas Asei #171) of giving a half shekel every year to the Beis Hamikdash. We will IY”H get to do this mitzvah again when Moshiach comes!
We learn this mitzvah from a posuk in Parshas Ki Sisa: וְנָתְנוּ אִישׁ כֹּפֶר נַפְשׁוֹ לַה׳
The details are explained in Mesechta Shekalim.
We also learn another mitzvah (Mitzvas Asei #153): That the Beis Din needs to make a calendar, and decide the right time for each month to start.
We learn this mitzvah from a posuk in Parshas Bo: הַחֹדֶשׁ הַזֶּה לָכֶם רֹאשׁ חֳדָשִׁים
The details are explained in Mesechta Sanhedrin perek Alef, Mesechta Rosh Hashana and Brachos.
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RAMBAM
Hilchos Shekalim - Kiddush Hachodesh
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In Rambam, Hilchos Shekalim perek Daled, we finish learning the halachos about the Machtzis Hashekel, about what kind of things the money can be used to pay for.
Now we start to learn the halachos of Kiddush Hachodesh, Perek Alef and Beis. We learn how the Beis Din decides when the new month starts. Because a month can be 29 days or 30 days, depending if we see the new moon. If someone sees the moon, they come tell the Beis Din! The Beis Din asks them lots of questions to make sure that they are telling the truth.
How does the Beis Din know they are telling the truth?
There are ways to figure out how the moon should look at different times of the year. The Beis Din knows which part of the sky the moon should be in, and which way it should be pointing. They know how wide the moon should be, and when you should be able to see it.
After we learn about the witnesses in the next few perakim, we will be learning about how the Beis Din figures all of these things out! This way they will be able to be sure that the eidim are telling the truth.
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Now the Rambam teaches us about if someone starts a fire and it burns someone else’s field. If he started it in the other person’s field, or if he wasn’t careful when he started a fire in his own field, he needs to pay. If he was careful, and the fire spread anyway, he doesn’t need to pay — we say that it came from Hashem.
Now we are finished the halachos about damages! Tomorrow we will IY”H start a new set of halachos, about stealing.
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Nowadays, the avodah of the Three Weeks is a bit different than it used to be!
In Tof-Shin-Nun-Alef, there were very big nisim that happened in the world, like the Gulf War, where the Yidden in Eretz Yisroel were saved from a big rasha named Saddam who wanted to hurt us; and that Yidden were able to leave Russia, where they had been stuck for so long!
The Rebbe told us that this is a sign that we’re going into the times of Moshiach!
The Rebbe said then that now we need to look differently at these three weeks. Because we are so close to the Geulah, we should think less about how sad the Churban is, and think more about making ourselves excited about the fact that we will see the Beis Hamikdash soon!
By adding in Torah and mitzvos in general, especially in the mitzvah of Ahavas Yisroel, and by learning the halachos of the Beis Hamikdash and how it looks, we will soon see the Beis Hamikdash rebuilt again!
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TEFILLAH
Asking for Moshiach on a Fast Day
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We add extra parts to davening on a fast day, like Selichos and Avinu Malkeinu.
We also have Kriyas HaTorah on a fast day. We lein “Vayechal,” about the teshuvah for the Cheit Ha’eigel and the second Luchos. We lein a haftorah from Yeshaya, who was the Navi that spoke the most about the Geulah.
In Shemoneh Esrei of Shacharis, the chazan says the paragraph of Aneinu, and in Shemoneh Esrei of Mincha, EVERYONE says Aneinu. We ask Hashem that on this special day of the taanis, Hashem should answer us (“Aneinu”) and fulfill our requests — especially to bring the Geulah!
See Likutei Sichos chelek Chof p. 362, ha’ara 22
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Today is Shiva Asar B’Tammuz Nidcheh, since it was pushed off from Shabbos.
Shiva Asar B’Tammuz is one of the four fasts we have during the year to remember the Beis Hamikdash. This is the day that the walls of Yerushalayim were broken, later leading to what happened on Tisha B’av.
(Many other sad things happened on Shiva Asar B’Tamuz too: Moshe Rabbeinu broke the luchos, the Yidden didn’t have any more sheep on this day to bring the Korban Tomid, a big rasha Apostomos burned a Sefer Torah, and resha’im put an idol in the Beis Hamikdash.)
Here are the halachos of the Three Weeks, which start today:
- We don’t make chasunas
- We don’t listen to music
- We don’t do things that need a bracha Shehecheyanu (like buying new clothes)
- The Rebbe tells us to learn the halachos about the Beis Hamikdash.
For a detailed review of the halachos of the Three Weeks, see this review made for Melbourne: click here
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לעילוי נשמת הרה״ח ר׳ דניאל יצחק ע״ה בן ר׳ אפרים שי׳ מאסקאוויץ
שליח כ"ק אדמו"ר נשיא דורנו למדינת אילינוי
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In many places in Navi, we see the sad details of the story of the Churban, and the things that happened before it. We learn about the siege around Yerushalayim, the breaking into the city, and finally the destruction of both the first and second Beis Hamikdash on Tisha B’Av.
In one of the nevuos that Hashem said through the Navi Zechariah, we see what all these sad things are supposed to turn into. The Navi tells us that the fast days where we are sad about the Churban will change into Yomim Tovim!
כֹּה אָמַר ה׳ צְבָאוֹת צוֹם הָרְבִיעִי וְצוֹם הַחֲמִישִׁי וְצוֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי וְצוֹם הָעֲשִׂירִי יִהְיֶה לְבֵית יְהוּדָה לְשָׂשׂוֹן וּלְשִׂמְחָה וּלְמֹעֲדִים טוֹבִים וְהָאֱמֶת וְהַשָּׁלוֹם אֱהָבוּ
Ko Amar Hashem Tzevakos — This is what Hashem says:
Tzom Harevii — the fast of the fourth month (Shiva-Asar B’Tammuz)
Vetzom Hachamishi — and the fast of the fifth month (Tisha B’Av)
Vetzom Hashvi’i — and the fast of the seventh month (Tzom Gedaliah)
Vetzom Ha’asiri — and the fast of the tenth month (Asara B’Teves)
Yihiyeh Leveis Yehudah — will become for the Yidden
Lesason Ulesimcha U’lemoadim Tovim — days of joy and happiness, and Yomim Tovim!
Veha’emes VehaShalom Ehavu — As long as you love Emes and Shalom (meaning that this will happen in the zechus of your love for Emes and Shalom).
IY”H we will be zoche to see this nevuah come true very soon!
See Zechariah perek Ches posuk Yud-Tes
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לע"נ התינוק זאב ארי' ע"ה בן יבלט"א הרה"ח ר' שניאור זלמן שי' גליק
נפטר ב' מנחם אב ה'תשע"ג
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