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CHUMASH
Parshas Devarim - Shvi'i with Rashi
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Moshe Rabbeinu continues to remind the Yidden about the things that happened to them in the Midbar, so they will be ready to go into Eretz Yisroel.
Moshe Rabbeinu reviews with Shevet Reuven, Gad, and Menasheh the promise they made — that even though they will live in these parts of Eretz Yisroel on the other side of the Yarden, they will first make sure the other Yidden are settled in Eretz Yisroel before they go back to live with their families.
Moshe tells the Yidden not to worry about the war to capture Eretz Yisroel! Look how Hashem helped them before — Hashem will fight for them again!
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Today’s kapitelach of Tehillim are Mem-Tes to Nun-Daled.
In today’s Tehillim, in Kapitel Nun-Gimmel, it talks about the churban of the Second Beis Hamikdash. At the end of the kapitel, Dovid Hamelech says how he hopes Hashem will save the Yidden!
This posuk is TWICE in Tehillim! Once in Kapitel Yud-Daled, and once here.
The Medrash says that both times where it says “Mi Yitein,” hoping that Hashem will give the Geulah, also matches with two places in Torah where it says these words “Mi Yitein!”
In one place in the Torah, Hashem says how He hopes the Yidden will all have Yiras Shomayim, and in the other place, Moshe Rabbeinu hopes that all of the Yidden will be neviim. The Medrash says that both of these will come true when Moshiach comes!
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TANYA
Igeres Hakodesh Siman Alef
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We learned yesterday that there is a special time to strengthen our love and fear of Hashem — the time of davening — especially during Shacharis! Today the Alter Rebbe makes a takanah to make sure the time of davening Shacharis is used the way it should be used!
One of the things that makes it very hard to daven the way we should is when the Chazan in shul is in a rush to go to work. He will daven very quickly and not take the time to have kavana. So the Alter Rebbe makes a takanah in today’s Tanya that the Chazan in shul for Shacharis during the week should only be someone who DOESN’T have to go to work early, like someone learning in Yeshivah or a Melamed who has more time to daven.
On Shabbos, this won’t be a problem, because EVERYONE has time to daven, and also in Shulchan Aruch it says that on Shabbos everyone NEEDS to take more time to daven! So no matter who the chazan is on Shabbos, everyone should have time to have kavanah and daven properly.
The Alter Rebbe is very strict about this takanah. He says that he will send chassidim to secretly go make sure that everyone is davening for as long as they should be — otherwise they won’t be allowed to hear the Alter Rebbe’s maamorim when they come to see him.
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The Hayom Yom was written for a year when Tisha B’Av was NOT on Shabbos (like it is this year), so we learn many of the minhagim that we keep on the fast of Tisha B’av.
At Mincha on Tisha B’Av, we say Shema (because we put on Tefillin in Mincha, not Shacharis), then finish the end of Shacharis — Shir Shel Yom, Ein K’Elokeinu — and the things we usually learn right after Shacharis, and then daven Mincha. We don’t say the Bracha “She’asa Li Kol Tzorki” until the next day.
Since Torah makes a Yid happy, on Tisha B’av we aren’t allowed to learn all of the parts of Torah! We learn about the Churban or other sad things.
Every year, the Rebbe Rashab would learn the Medrash on Eichah. It has a lot of stories and explanations from the Chachomim in the times of the Gemara, about the Churban. He would also learn the part of Gemara that tells the story of the Churban, in Mesechta Gittin.
In the morning, after Shacharis, he would say the whole Kinos (poems that the Chachomim wrote, where we cry to Hashem about the Golus — “Ad Mosai!”). Then he would say Eichah.
We lein the Torah and a Haftorah in Shacharis AND Mincha. The Rebbe Rashab would get the Maftir Aliyah (the last part of the Torah reading, and then reading the Haftorah) sometimes in both Shacharis and Mincha.
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In today’s Sefer Hamitzvos we learn (Mitzvas Lo Saasei #356) that if a husband and wife decide that they can’t be married anymore, and the husband gives his wife a get, they can change their minds and get remarried, unless the woman gets married to someone else in between. Once she gets married to another person, her first husband is not ever allowed to marry her again, even if she gets a get from her second husband.
We learn this mitzvah from a posuk in Parshas Ki Seitzei: לֹא יוּכַל בַּעְלָהּ הָרִאשׁוֹן אֲשֶׁר שִׁלְּחָהּ לָשׁוּב לְקַחְתָּהּ
The details are explained in Mesechta Yevamos in many places.
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In today’s Rambam we learn the halachos of a get with conditions.
We also learn more halachos about shlichus — if the husband made someone a shliach to bring the get. The shliach needs to do everything exactly the way he was told. Only if he follows his instructions is the shlichus a good shlichus.
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The Rambam teaches us the halachos about Hashovas Aveidah, returning something that someone lost. Keeping someone from losing money or property is also part of the mitzvah of Hashovas Aveidah!
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In the year Tof-Shin-Mem, the Rebbe spoke about how important it is to make rallies for children during the Nine Days! The Rebbe said there should be at least two, or better three, rallies for children. That year, the Rebbe spoke at two children’s rallies, on Daled and Zayin Av! (Children were also at the Shabbos farbrengen where the Rebbe spoke.)
At both of the rallies, the Rebbe said a short halacha from the Rambam, Hilchos Beis Habechirah, which speaks about the Beis Hamikdash. We learn these halachos especially during the Three Weeks, because Hashem counts learning about it like we’re building it, and it speeds up the time when we’ll actually be able to build it!
Here is one of the halachos the Rebbe spoke about:
The Rambam says that after building the basic parts of the Beis Hamikdash, there is another mitzvah: To decorate it and make it beautiful!
How beautiful?
That depends! We make it as beautiful as we can. If the Yidden are very rich, we should cover the Beis Hamikdash with gold!
This has an important lesson for us nowadays too!
Each of us is supposed to learn Torah, do mitzvos, and give tzedakah. But how much? That depends on each person! If we have a lot of free time, we should be spending more time to learn Torah! If we get extra allowance, we can give more tzedakah! Other people might not be able to do as much as we can, but we should use all of the kochos Hashem gives us to make our Torah and mitzvos as beautiful as we can make them!
See Rally Zayin Av Tof-Shin-Mem
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The Shema that we say in the beginning of davening is also known as Kriyas Shema Ketana, the “little” Kriyas Shema.
We say this Shema because of a gezeira that was once made against the Yidden.
After the second Beis Hamikdash was destroyed, the Yidden were sent into Golus. For hundreds of years, the Persian kings who ruled Bavel left the Yidden alone. But at the end of the time of the Amora’im, the kings started to make cruel decrees against Yiddishkeit.
One of these decrees was that the Yidden could not say Shema in shul, so that they wouldn’t strengthen their emunah in Hashem.
When this decree was made, the Chachomim added Shema to Korbanos. This way, the Yidden would say Shema in the morning before coming to shul.
Even though there is Baruch Hashem no such decree nowadays, we still say this Shema. For many people, especially those who daven with a later minyan or daven ba’arichus, saying this Shema in Korbanos helps them make sure to say Kriyas Shema in its proper time.
In Yechidus, the Rebbe told someone that the paragraphs before this Shema (Le’olam Yehei Adam) and after (Ata Hu) are a preparation and a conclusion to this Shema, similar to the brachos before and after Shema which we say later in davening.
See Masechta Shel Tefillah and Mafteiach L’Sichos Kodesh
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This Motzei Shabbos, we don’t make Havdalah until after Tisha B’Av.
In shul, we hold up a candle so that everyone can make the bracha Borei Me’orei Ha’eish.
We don’t say “Gut Voch” or say Veyitein Lecha.
Kids who are eating don’t make Havdalah, but an adult who is eating should make Havdalah first. It is best to give the wine to a young child to drink.
For more halachos of Tisha B’Av, see the Halacha Newsletter by Rabbi Shmuel Lesches from Melbourne, Australia
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לעילוי נשמת הרה״ח ר׳ דניאל יצחק ע״ה בן ר׳ אפרים שי׳ מאסקאוויץ
שליח כ"ק אדמו"ר נשיא דורנו למדינת אילינוי
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Why should we want Moshiach?
The Rambam tells us the reason why the Chachomim wanted Moshiach:
לֹא נִתְאַווּ הַחַכָמִים וְהַנְבִיאִים יְמוֹת הַמָשִׁיחַ לֹא כְּדֵי שֶׁיִשְׁלְטוּ עַל כָּל הָעוֹלָם וְלֹא כְּדֵי שֶׁיִרְדוּ בַּגוֹיִים וְלֹא כְּדֵי שֶׁיְנַשְׂאוּ אוֹתָם הָעַמִים וְלֹא כְּדֵי לֶאֶכוֹל וְלִשְׁתּוֹת וְלִשְׂמוֹחַ אֶלָא כְּדֵי שֶׁיִהְיוּ פְּנוּיִין בַּתּוֹרָה וְחָכְמָתָה וְלֹא יִהְיֶה לָהֶם נוֹגֵשׂ וּמְבַטֵל
Lo Nis’avu Hachachomim Vehaneviim Yemos Hamoshiach — The Chachomim and the Neviim didn’t want Moshiach to come for these reasons:
Lo Kedei Sheyishletu Al Kol Ha’olam — They didn’t want Moshiach so they could be in charge of the whole world,
Velo Kedei Sheyirdu Bagoyim — Or so they could rule over the goyim,
Velo Kedei Sheyenas’u Osam Ha’amim — Or so all of the goyim would realize how special they are,
Velo Kedei Le’echol Velishtos Velismo’ach — Or so they could eat, drink, and be happy.
So why DID they want Moshiach?
Ela Kedei Sheyiheyu Pnuyin BaTorah Vechachmasa — They wanted Moshiach so they would be free to learn Torah and the Chochmah in it
Velo Yihiyeh Lahem Noges Umevatel — Without anything bothering them!
See Rambam, Hilchos Melachim perek Yud-Beis, beginning of halacha daled
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לע"נ התינוק זאב ארי' ע"ה בן יבלט"א הרה"ח ר' שניאור זלמן שי' גליק
נפטר ב' מנחם אב ה'תשע"ג
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