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לעילוי נשמת הרה״ח הרה״ת הר׳ משה פינחס בן הר׳ אברהם מרדכי הכהן כ״ץ
לעילוי נשמת הרה״ח הרה״ת הר׳ מרדכי בן הר׳ פינחס מענטליק
ולזכות הרה״ח זאב יחזקאל הכהן בן מינדל שי׳ לבריאות הנכונה

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CHUMASH

Parshas Acharei - Shvi'i with Rashi

We learned yesterday that a Yid’s marriage is very holy!

The Torah says that the goyim in Eretz Yisroel were not acting in a very holy way. This bothered Hashem so much, that they were pushed out of Eretz Yisroel! Now that the Yidden are about to go into Eretz Yisroel, they need to be extra careful that they are not acting the way the goyim were. They need to act differently, since they are Hashem’s special nation!

- Two men can’t get married to each other.
- People can’t get married to animals.

If someone does these aveiros, even if the Beis Din can’t punish them, Hashem gives them a kind of kareis, cutting off their chayus from Hashem so they will pass away young, without having children.

Keeping these mitzvos shows that we understand that Hashem is in charge of the world, and knows what is good for us. We understand that He will punish us if we chas veshalom do these aveiros, and we understand that Hashem will reward us for acting the way He asks us to!

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TEHILLIM

106 - 107

Kapitel Kuf-Zayin starts with the words “Hodu LaHashem Ki Tov, Ki LeOlam Chasdo!” “Thank Hashem because He is good, His kindness is forever!”

The first word is “Hodu,” which means to thank. But it also means something else! Hodu also means to “admit.”

What are we admitting to?

The Tzemach Tzedek explains this. We know that Hashem is creating the world EVERY SECOND and is here EVERY MOMENT. But we don’t see it! So we need to admit that it’s true anyway.

When Moshiach comes, we won’t have to admit it anymore — we will all be able to see it!

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TANYA

Likutei Amarim Perek Mem-Beis

The Alter Rebbe is teaching us how to have Yiras Shomayim. We need to remember that there is an “Ayin Ro’eh Ve’ozen Shoma’as,” “an eye that sees and an ear that hears.” When we think about how Hashem is watching everything we do, we will feel the Yiras Shomayim that is hiding inside of us, from the koach of Moshe Rabbeinu.

When we say “Hashem is watching you,” what do you think that means? Does it mean that Hashem has special glasses to look at you? No! Of course Hashem doesn’t have eyes like we do!

That is just a mashal to make it easier for us to think about. Really Hashem just KNOWS everything that is happening with us!

The whole world is part of Hashem, since Hashem made everything! Hashem knows what happens with everything and everyone, just like we know and feel whatever happens in our whole body!

Even though it is only a mashal, when we think about this, it will help us to be careful with the way we act, knowing that Hashem is watching everything we do.

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HAYOM YOM

Chof-Beis Nisan

Today is the seventh day of the Omer!

The Baal Shem Tov used to eat THREE seudos on Acharon Shel Pesach.

The third Seudah is called the Moshiach Seudah! This is because on Acharon Shel Pesach, it shines with the light of Moshiach!

In Pesach 5666, in the Yeshiva in Lubavitch, the talmidim all ate together in the Zal. There were 310 talmidim, sitting at 18 tables! The Rebbe Rashab ate with the Talmidim on Acharon Shel Pesach. He told everyone to drink four cups of wine, and said “This is Moshiach’s Seudah!”

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SEFER HAMITZVOS

Shiur #314 - Mitzvas Lo Saasei #282, #283, Asei #229, #228

Today we learn 4 mitzvos in Sefer Hamitzvos:

1) (Mitzvas Lo Saasei #282) Usually we listen to whatever MOST of the judges say, but for a Beis Din to punish a person who might be chayav misa, there is a special mitzvah: The number of judges who say that the person is chayav misa have to be at least two more than the amount of judges who say that he isn’t. Unless there are two judges more who say that this person is chayav misa, it is an aveira to punish the person in this way.

We learn this mitzvah from a posuk in Parshas Mishpatim: לֹא תִהְיֶה אַחֲרֵי רַבִּים לְרָעֹת

The details are explained in Perek Daled of Mesechta Sanhedrin.

2) (Mitzvas Lo Saasei #283) This mitzvah is in a case where the Beis Din is deciding if someone is chayav misa or not (Dinei Nefashos): Every judge has to pasken the way he understands things himself, not just agree with other judges. He can’t rely on what another judge says, even if he respects his opinion, or if most of the other judges are saying the same thing. He needs to pasken based on his own understanding.

We learn this from the same posuk in Parshas Mishpatim: וְלֹא תַעֲנֶה עַל רִב לִנְטֹת

The Rambam also tells us other things that the Chachomim learn from this posuk:

1) A judge who paskened that the person was innocent can’t change his mind and say that he is guilty.

2) The first judge to say his opinion should be a judge who thinks that the person is not chayav misa.

3) The Beis Din can’t go back and change the psak if they paskened that the person was not guilty.

4) The first judge to share his opinion should not be the greatest judge.

The details of this mitzvah are also explained in Perek Daled of Mesechta Sanhedrin.

3) (Mitzvas Asei #229) Beis Din needs to keep the halachos of Sekilah (one of the ways a Beis Din punishes). The Rambam tells us in the specific aveiros when they are punished with Sekilah.

We learn this from another posuk in Parshas Mishpatim: וּסְקַלְתֶּם אֹתָם בָּאֲבָנִים וָמֵתוּ

The details are explained in Perek Vov of Mesechta Sanhedrin.

4) (Mitzvas Asei #228) Beis Din needs to keep the halachos of Sereifah (another one of the ways a Beis Din punishes). The Rambam tells us in the specific aveiros when they are punished with Sereifah.

We learn this from a posuk in Parshas Kedoshim: בָּאֵשׁ יִשְׂרְפוּ אֹתוֹ וְאֶתְהֶן

The details are explained in Perek Zayin of Mesechta Sanhedrin.

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RAMBAM

Hilchos Sanhedrin

In today’s Rambam, we learn more about how the Sanhedrin works.

In Perek Daled, we learn about a special kind of Semicha. This Semicha is the way to pass down a special koach of Hashem to judge as part of the Sanhedrin. This koach was passed down from one judge to another, and goes all the way back to Moshe Rabbeinu!

Unfortunately, for certain reasons we don’t have this kind of Semicha nowadays — it was not passed down all the way to our times.

Perek Hey: In this perek we learn what each type of Beis Din is able to pasken on. For example, setting up a king can only be done by a big Sanhedrin of 71 judges, and a case where someone might be chayav misa can only be done by a Beis Din of at least 23 — a small Beis Din of 3 is not allowed to pasken in such a case.

In Perek Vov, we learn what happens if the Beis Din made a mistake. We also learn that if someone is afraid a Beis Din might make a mistake, he can sometimes choose to go to a bigger one.

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RAMBAM PEREK ECHOD

Hilchos Shaar Avos HaTumos - Perek Daled

The Rambam explains how bugs and creepy-crawling things make things Tomei.

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INYANA D'YOMA

Moshiach Seudah

If all year we’re thinking about Moshiach, talking about Moshiach, and learning about Moshiach, what is so special about Seudas Moshiach?

The Rebbe teaches us that we EAT by Seudas Moshiach. When we eat, the food becomes a part of our body! During Seudas Moshiach, all of the inyonim of Moshiach become a part of us, along with the food we eat! (Just like when we eat matzah, our Emunah becomes strong.)

It’s very important that as many people as possible come to this Seudah, so that they will ALL have Moshiach a part of them!

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TEFILLAH

Moshiach

The Chachomim made Kriyas HaTorah part of davening. In later years, because of a decree, they added the reading of the haftora.

The Haftora for Acharon Shel Pesach is a section from the Navi Yeshaya that starts with the words “Od Hayom”. It is a nevuah about the fall of king Sancheriv’s rulership, and about Moshiach (the personality of Moshiach, and the times of Moshiach).

This makes a lot of sense, because as we learned in Hayom Yom, on Acharon Shel Pesach, the light of Moshiach is shining!

One of the pesukim in this haftora starts with the words “Venacha Alav Ruach Hashem.” When Yom Tov is on a weekday, we actually say this posuk before Kriyas HaTorah! This posuk speaks about Moshiach, but it also hints to the spark of Moshiach inside every Yid. When the spark of Moshiach in each of us has its Geulah, it will help make the BIG Geulah possible!

In Igeres Hakodesh, the Alter Rebbe teaches us that the time of this personal Geulah is during tefillah! When we daven, the spark of Moshiach inside of us comes out of Golus.

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HALACHOS HATZRICHOS

Gebrokts

During the whole Pesach, we are very careful about Matzah Sheruyah, which is also called “gebrokts.” We are very careful not to eat wet matzah! We cover the matzah on the table so no water will splash on it by mistake, and we check our cups before we drink to make sure there are no matzah crumbs inside.

We do this because we are afraid that MAYBE a drop of flour didn’t get properly mixed into the matzah dough, and it MIGHT become chometz if it touches water.

Gebrokts is not ASUR, but the Alter Rebbe tells us that those who are careful get special brachos from Hashem. But that is not talking about the last day of Pesach, Acharon Shel Pesach. On this day, we don’t miss out on the bracha from Hashem by eating wet matzah because of Simchas Yom Tov.

On Acharon Shel Pesach, the Rebbeim were not careful about gebrokts at all. In fact, they DAVKA made their matzah wet, with EVERY kind of food at the meal!

One of the deeper reasons for this is that Acharon Shel Pesach is at the end of one week of Sefiras Haomer.

The Ruchnius’dike inyan of matzah is bittul. It is flat, not puffed up with gaavah and yeshus like chometz! During the first seven days of Pesach, we are very careful that our bittul shouldn’t even have the possibility of yeshus. But on Acharon Shel Pesach, we are on a higher Ruchnius level already. After one week of working on our midos during Sefiras Haomer, we are able to handle the possibility of a tiny drop of yeshus.

We know that eventually, we will need to use much greater levels of yeshus in our Avodas Hashem. On Shavuos, we even bring a korban with chometz, called the “Shtei Halechem!” Acharon Shel Pesach, when we use the POSSIBILITY of a drop of yeshus, is the first step to being able to serve Hashem this way.

לעילוי נשמת הרה״ח ר׳ דניאל יצחק ע״ה בן ר׳ אפרים שי׳ מאסקאוויץ
שליח כ"ק אדמו"ר נשיא דורנו למדינת אילינוי

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GEULAH U'MOSHIACH

Ki Malah Ha'aretz Deiah Es Hashem

The haftora for Acharon Shel Pesach is from the Navi Yeshaya, which speaks about the Geulah.

One of the nevuos that it says in that time is about how all the animals will leave peacefully with each other. The Rambam says this means that the other nations won’t want to hurt the Yidden anymore.

Then the posuk tells us why there will be so much shalom in the world:

לֹא יָרֵעוּ וְלֹא יַשְׁחִיתוּ בְּכָל הַר קָדְשִׁי כִּי מָלְאָה הָאָרֶץ דֵּעָה אֶת ה׳ כַּמַּיִם לַיָּם מְכַסִּים

Lo Yareiu Velo Yashchisu — They will not hurt or destroy

Bechol Har Kodshi — On my whole holy mountain

Why?

Ki Malah Ha’aretz Deiah Es Hashem — Because the world will be full of knowledge of Hashem

Kamayim Layam Mechasim — As much as the water which covers the ocean!

The Rambam uses the second half of this posuk to end off his sefer, and to show that at that time, the whole world will only be busy with knowing Hashem!

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