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CHUMASH
Parshas Netzavim - Shlishi with Rashi
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Moshe Rabbeinu tells the Yidden that when they come into Eretz Yisroel, they will become responsible for each other! They need to make sure that no one is doing Avodah Zarah.
Moshe Rabbeinu tells the Yidden another reason why they need to make a new promise with Hashem: Because this promise is for all the Yidden TOGETHER — once they make this promise, they will have to make sure that EVERY Yid does the mitzvos. Before, every Yid only had to worry about himself what HE was doing — then, when they come into Eretz Yisroel (at Har Grizim and Har Eival), they will get the responsibility to make sure that everyone is doing what Hashem wants — Kol Yisroel Areivim Zeh Lazeh.
This is very serious — Yidden can even get punished if someone else does an aveira!
If someone thinks about the idols he saw from the Goyim, and decides to do it — and even worse, if he makes other Yidden do it too — Hashem will punish him, and anyone who listens to him, with the scary things that it says in the Tochacha. Everyone will see that, and know that Hashem is punishing them for the Avodah Zarah.
But how can we know if someone is secretly doing Avodah Zarah? Will we get punished even though we had no idea?
Don’t worry, Moshe tells the Yidden — “Hanistaros LaHashem Elokeinu” — whatever is hidden, Hashem knows. We only need to worry about what we DO see and we DO know about, to make sure that all of the Yidden follow the Torah.
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Today’s shiur Tehillim is Kuf-Yud-Gimmel to Kuf-Yud-Ches, the kapitelach of Hallel! We also say three kapitelach for Chodesh Elul — Ayin, Ayin-Alef, and Ayin-Beis.
There is a posuk in today’s Tehillim, in Kapitel Kuf-Yud-Ches, that says “Hashem Li Be’ozroi, Va’ani Ereh Be’Son’ai.” “Hashem is with me, with my helpers, and I will see my enemies fall.”
How can Dovid Hamelech say that he has helpers, and that Hashem is WITH his helpers? Who is a helper except for Hashem?
Chassidus explains that the “helpers” are the Gashmius things in the world. Hashem put a piece of kedusha into the Gashmius things, and when we use them for the right reasons, we get this kedusha and it helps us!
So a person needs to use Gashmius things in the world (like food and drink), and then, his davening and learning will help him!
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TANYA
Igeres Hakodesh Siman Yud-Ches
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Doing mitzvos like giving tzedakah helps us to not fall for the Yetzer Hara’s tricks, so we won’t do aveiros!
Every Yid has love for Hashem hiding inside. Because of it, he always wants to be close to Hashem and act the way Hashem wants.
Sometimes, a person can forget and think that it doesn’t really matter so much if he does an aveira. But really, it’s a trick of the Yetzer Hara that doesn’t want us to remember that we love Hashem!
The Avodah of a Yid is to take away all of the things that try to hide the love for Hashem so we will be able to serve Hashem properly in everything we do!
This is something we need to do ourselves, but we still also need to daven to Hashem to have hatzlacha. By doing mitzvos like giving Tzedakah, we get a special bracha from Hashem to have this hatzlacha!
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Everything we see or hear needs to help us serve Hashem better!
When we look at the world around us, we see how amazing it is! Look at the huge mountains, the millions of stars in the sky, beautiful flowers, and people who can do so many things. All of this comes from Hashem’s Chesed — the midah of giving and showing.
There is another midah of Hashem, called Gevurah — holding back. Hashem’s Gevurah is as strong as His Chesed — it is just as amazing that Hashem can HIDE in the world as it is that Hashem can make all of these exciting things!
The Avodah of a Jew is to use the kochos of his neshama to FIND Hashem — to realize that Hashem is always making everything happen. When we recognize this, we know that EVERYTHING we see or hear is really only happening because HASHEM is making it happen! If it happens to us, it must be that Hashem wants us to know about it. Why does Hashem want us to know about it? It will help us do a better job in serving Hashem — the whole reason we were created!
The Frierdiker Rebbe writes that earlier generations of Chassidim would always think this way. We need to try to act like them too — to learn from EVERYTHING we see and hear, which will help us do a better job in our shlichus of serving Hashem!
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Today in Sefer Hamitzvos, we have three mitzvos about Tzedakah!
1) (Mitzvas Asei #130) On the 3rd and 6th years from Shemitah, we give Maaser Ani — maaser to poor people, instead of Maaser Sheini, which is brought during the other years and eaten in Yerushalayim.
This mitzvah, like the other mitzvos of presents from our fields, is only kept in Eretz Yisroel.
We learn this from a posuk in Parshas Re’eh: מִקְצֵה שָׁלשׁ שָׁנִים תּוֹצִיא אֶת כָּל מַעְשַׂר תְּבוּאָתְךָ וגו׳
2) (Mitzvas Asei #195) It is a mitzvah to give tzedakah to poor people. It is our job to take care of them and make sure they have what they need. Even a poor person has a mitzvah to give at least a little bit of tzedakah to others!
We learn this mitzvah from many pesukim in the Torah. One of them is also in Parshas Re’eh: פָתֹחַ תִּפְתַּח אֶת יָדְךָ
3) (Mitzvas Lo Saasei #232) We are not allowed to ignore poor people and not help them when we really can.
We also learn this mitzvah in Parshas Re’eh: לֹא תְאַמֵּץ אֶת לְבָבְךָ וְלֹא תִקְפֹּץ אֶת יָדְךָ מֵאָחִיךָ הָאֶבְיוֹן
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In today’s Rambam, we learn the last three Perakim of Matnos Aniyim. Now we are learning about Tzedakah!
Perek Ches: We learn that saying that we will give Tzedakah is like making a neder, and we need to keep it. We also learn about a Goy giving Tzedakah, and finally about the great mitzvah of Pidyon Shevuyim, helping a Yid come out of jail. The Rambam says that there is no bigger mitzvah than this one!
Perek Tes: We learn that every city should have a Gabbai who is in charge of giving out Tzedakah to people who need. Everyone in the city should give money to this Gabbai for him to give out to the poor.
Perek Yud: The Rambam tells us how special it is to give, and that even when we can’t give, we should try to make the poor person feel good. Also, helping other people to give Tzedakah is even BETTER than giving yourself!
The Rambam also teaches us about:
- 8 levels of Tzedakah
- giving Tzedakah before davening
- not taking Tzedakah unless someone really needs to.
We need to trust in Hashem Who will make sure we have everything we need!
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This perek explains when the Torah says a sale wasn’t fair, and we can give back what we bought and get our money back. When we sell something, we need to make sure to tell the truth about what it is and how good it is!
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Today is the third day of Selichos.
On the third day of Selichos, the Rebbeim would say a maamar to the one who would become the next Rebbe.
This is something people didn’t know about. But in Tof-Shin-Hey, the Frierdiker Rebbe told us about it, teaching us that Gimmel D’Selichos is a special day.
Years later, in Tof-Shin-Nun-Alef, the Rebbe explained a few reasons why this is connected davka to the third day of Selichos.
For us, the main thing is to use this special day for good things! Everyone should add in their learning Torah or good behavior. It is especially appropriate to learn a part of one of the many maamarim which were said on Gimmel D’Selichos.
See Halachos Uminhagei Chabad p. 303 and footnotes there, maamar of Tof-Shin-Hey
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The Shemoneh Esrei of Shacharis on Rosh Hashana is a lot like the Shemoneh Esrei on Yom Tov. We just add 5 paragraphs asking for Moshiach during the first three brachos, and the changes for the Aseres Yemei Teshuvah. Like on every Yom Tov, we say Ata Vechartanu, how Hashem chose Yidden as His special nation, and Yaaleh Veyavo.
On Yom Tov, after Yaaleh Veyavo, we ask Hashem to give us the special brachos of that Yom Tov.
On Rosh Hashana, we say a bracha that shows us what Rosh Hashana is all about! Here are some of the words from this bracha:
Meloch Al Ha’olam Kulo Bichvodecha — Hashem, You should rule over the world with Your glory! ...Veyeida Kol Pa’ul Ki Ata Pe’alto — Everything You made should know that You made it
...Veyomar Kol Asher Neshama Be’apo: Hashem Elokei Yisrael Melech... — Everything with a neshama should say: Hashem, the Aibershter of the Yidden, is King, and rules over everything!
This is the main inyan of Rosh Hashana: Accepting the Malchus of Hashem again!
In the Michtav Kloli (a letter of the Rebbe written for every Yid around the world) for Rosh Hashana, the Rebbe would often quote this paragraph, which shows us the main avodah of this Yom Tov!
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In Shulchan Aruch, it mentions that we eat sweet things, as a sign that we should have a sweet year. It also tells us about eating things which have names that remind us of something good. For example, the word “carrots” in Yiddish is “merren,” which also means to multiply. It hints to the bracha that our families and our mitzvos grow and multiply!
We don’t eat foods that are sour or bitter on Rosh Hashana. (Even at a farbrengen on Rosh Hashana, chassidim don’t say Lechaim on mashke, which is very bitter.)
The Alter Rebbe tells us not to eat nuts, because they make us have more saliva. Since a main part of Rosh Hashana is davening, we don’t eat foods that will make us have more saliva, which will make it harder to say the words of davening clearly.
We have a minhag to first dip the challah in honey, which we also do during all of the special meals connected to Yom Tov, until Hoshaana Rabbah.
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לעילוי נשמת הרה״ח ר׳ דניאל יצחק ע״ה בן ר׳ אפרים שי׳ מאסקאוויץ
שליח כ"ק אדמו"ר נשיא דורנו למדינת אילינוי
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The Navi Malachi told the Yidden many beautiful nevuos about the coming of Moshiach! One of the things he tells the Yidden is that the Yidden should always remember the Torah and its mitzvos, the way they were given to Moshe Rabbeinu on Har Sinai.
In the zechus of the Torah and mitzvos we do during Golus, Hashem will send us Eliyahu Hanavi to prepare us for the Geulah!
Hashem says:
הִנֵּה אָנֹכִי שֹׁלֵחַ לָכֶם אֵת אֵלִיָּה הַנָּבִיא לִפְנֵי בּוֹא יוֹם ה׳ הַגָּדוֹל וְהַנּוֹרָא
Hinei Anochi Sholeiach Lachem — Look, I will send the Yidden
Eis Eliyah Hanavi — Eliyahu Hanavi
Lifnei Bo Yom Hashem Hagadol Vehanora — Before the great day of Hashem — the day when Moshiach comes!
And what will Eliyahu Hanavi’s shlichus be? How will he get us ready for the Geulah? We will IY”H see in the next posuk!
See Malachi perek Gimmel posuk Chof-Gimmel
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לע"נ התינוק זאב ארי' ע"ה בן יבלט"א הרה"ח ר' שניאור זלמן שי' גליק
נפטר ב' מנחם אב ה'תשע"ג
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