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CHUMASH
Parshas Devarim - Revi'i with Rashi
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Moshe Rabbeinu reminds the Yidden that because of what was done, only the children of those who left Mitzrayim will be able to go to Eretz Yisroel.
Having to stay in the Midbar: Hashem told the Yidden, “You complained that the children would get hurt if you tried to go to Eretz Yisroel, and now THEY will be the only ones to go live there!” The Yidden had to take a LONG detour, and stay in the Midbar for 40 years, until this generation of adults all passed away.
Some Yidden decided to go to Eretz Yisroel without permission. Hashem told Moshe to warn them, but they didn’t want to listen. They went, and Hashem didn’t help them — the Emori came and attacked them.
Even though the Yidden begged Hashem to let them go to Eretz Yisroel after all, Hashem didn’t let. The Yidden had to go back and travel into the desert, farther away from Eretz Yisroel, for 38 years.
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Today we start the Tehillim again from the beginning! Today’s kapitelach are Kapitel Alef until Kapitel Tes.
Many times when Yidden were in trouble, the Rebbe would speak about a posuk from one of today’s kapitelach: “Mipi Olelim Veyonkim Yisadeta Oz Lehahbis Oyeiv Umisnakeim” — “from the mouths of children and babies You get koach to destroy the enemies.” The Torah and mitzvos of children is what gives us koach to destroy all of our enemies.
From this posuk we learn that when even a very small child or a baby says words of Torah, like saying the Yud-Beis Pesukim, it is able to protect Yidden everywhere!
Where do they get this special koach from?
The Rebbe shows us from the Yud-Beis Pesukim themselves!
After the Rebbe taught the 12 Pesukim the first time, the Rebbe spoke about them at a later farbrengen. Then, over the years, the Rebbe would speak about the pesukim again and again! The first time, the Rebbe showed an important message for children that each posuk has on its own. Later, the Rebbe would often show how we can learn important lessons when we look at the pesukim together!
In a farbrengen of Yud-Beis Tammuz, the Rebbe showed how we can see this special koach from the pesukim of Torah Tziva, Bereishis, and Kol Yisroel!
Here is one of the things the Rebbe said about the posuk of Kol Yisroel:
Why does a Yid get the special zechus to control what happens in the world through the Torah and mitzvos that they do?
We see the answer in the posuk of Kol Yisrael: In it, the posuk tells us that every Yid is Neitzer Mata’ai, Maasei Yadai Lehispa’er — that every Yid deserves Olam Haba because we are the work of Hashem’s hands and we make Hashem proud! That is why Hashem gives us this zechus to change what happens.
See farbrengen Yud-Beis Tammuz Tof-Shin-Lamed-Vov
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TANYA
Igeres Hateshuvah Perek Yud-Alef
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A Yid always needs to be besimcha! Even if he did an aveira, he STILL needs to always be besimcha!
If he’s thinking about the aveira he did (Teshuva Tata’ah), he should be happy since he knows that Hashem for sure forgives him!
And of course, when he is learning Torah and doing mitzvos with an extra chayus (Teshuvah Ila’ah), then he is FOR SURE besimcha!
Now the Alter Rebbe tells us one more thing where a Yid might think that he should be sad — but even then, he needs to be besimcha! What is that?
Dovid Hamelech says in Tehillim that we should always remember our aveiros (Vechatasi Negdi Somid). If a person is always remembering his aveiros, won’t he get sad?
The Alter Rebbe says no! Really, it’s just the opposite! That’s a GREAT reason to be besimcha! Why?
Dovid Hamelech isn’t saying that you need to THINK about your aveiros all the time, just that you should remember that they exist.
Instead, any time when someone does something you don’t like, or something happens from Hashem that you don’t like, you can remember your aveiros and say “Zol Zain A Kaparah!” Any time something happens that doesn’t seem so good, you can think about that aveira for a second and say, “Okay Hashem, now You gave me a kapara for the aveira!”
So when Dovid Hamelech says to remember our aveiros, it doesn’t mean to be always thinking about them to make us sad, just that we should always remember that they exist. This will help us accept uncomfortable things in life happily!
We’ll see more about this IY”H tomorrow!
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Today we learn something very special about Moshiach’s humility:
Moshiach will teach Torah to ALL of the Yidden — to the Avos and Moshe Rabbeinu. That shows us how great Moshiach is, that he can even teach such great tzadikim! Still, Moshiach will ALSO teach even very simple Yidden who don’t understand very much.
This shows that Moshiach is so humble! Even though he is very great, he will learn with everyone!
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Now we are learning more mitzvos about who people can’t get married to. There is a separate mitzvah for each specific type of person that it’s an aveira to get married to.
1) (Mitzvas Lo Saasei #336) A person can’t marry his daughter.
This mitzvah is not said clearly in the Torah, but it is obvious, since the Torah teaches that it is asur to marry a grandchild, OF COURSE it must be asur to marry a daughter. The Gemara learns this mitzvah and its punishment from a Gezeira Shavah.
2) (Mitzvas Lo Saasei #335) A person can’t marry his daughter’s daughter (his granddaughter).
We learn this mitzvah from a posuk in Parshas Acharei: עֶרְוַת ... בַת בִּתְּךָ לֹא תְגַלֶּה עֶרְוָתָן כִּי עֶרְוָתְךָ הֵנָּה
3) (Mitzvas Lo Saasei #337) A man can’t marry a woman and her daughter — for example, even in times where a man could marry more than one woman, he can’t also marry his mother-in-law or his wife’s daughter.
We learn this mitzvah from a posuk in Parshas Acharei: עֶרְוַת אִשָּׁה וּבִתָּהּ לֹא תְגַלֵּה
4) (Mitzvas Lo Saasei #338) A man can’t marry a woman and her son’s daughter.
For example, he can’t also marry his wife’s grandmother (on her father’s side) or her granddaughter (from a son).
We learn this mitzvah from a posuk in Parshas Acharei: אֶת בַּת בְּנָהּ
5) (Mitzvas Lo Saasei #339) A man can’t marry a woman and her daughter’s daughter.
For example, he can’t also choose to marry his wife’s grandmother (on her mother’s side) or granddaughter (from a daughter).
We learn this mitzvah from a posuk in Parshas Acharei: וְאֶת בַּת בִּתָּהּ לֹא תִקַּח
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In today’s Rambam (perakim Gimmel, Daled, and Hey) talks about what happens if someone gets married to a person they aren’t allowed to, and start to learn about what happens if a woman is tomei with Tumas Niddah.
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In Perek Alef, we start to learn about tzitzis! Really, the tzitzis are supposed to have seven white strings, and one techeiles string. But since we don’t have techeiles, we can still do the mitzvah with just white strings.
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The nine days between Rosh Chodesh Av and Tisha B’Av are days connected to mourning for the Beis Hamikdash. It is the beginning of the month that the Beis Hamikdash was destroyed. The Chachomim tell us that “Mishenichnas Av, Memaatin Besimcha” — when Av comes, we do less of the things we usually do to make ourselves happy or for enjoyment.
But the truth is that a Yid has a mitzvah to be besimcha all the time, like the posuk says, “Ivdu Es Hashem Besimcha!”
We always can and should look for ways to have simcha that are allowed according to Shulchan Aruch.
The Rebbe made a takanah that we should make siyumim on a Mesechta of Gemara and be part of siyumim, since that is a way that we ARE allowed to be happy during this time.
The Rebbe said that children should be part of these siyumim, even if they don’t understand the siyum at all! (We see an example for this from Shulchan Aruch, that we bring a bechor to a siyum Erev Pesach, even if he is very little.)
Visit Chabad.org/siyum for a daily siyum by NCFJE!
See Sefer Hasichos Tof-Shin-Nun-Alef p. 719 (children participating in siyumim)
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The third posuk of the Twelve Pesukim is Bechol Dor Vador.
In this posuk, we say that we need to imagine that we came out of Mitzrayim!
But how can we feel that we came out of Mitzrayim, if we are still in Golus?
The Rebbe tells us that there IS a Mitzrayim that Hashem frees us from every day! It is the Ruchnius Mitzrayim inside of us.
We all have a Paraoh, a Yetzer Hara, that tries to tell us what to do. Our Yetzer Hara tells us to stop doing mitzvos, to do things that aren’t good for our neshama, or that could hurt another person.
But when we remember the words of Bechol Dor Vador, we will know what to answer our Paraoh!
Bechol Dor Vador — In every generation, even today
Chayav Adam Liros Es Atzmo — We need to see ourselves
Ke’ilu Yatza MiMitzrayim — Like a person who already left Mitzrayim!
We need to know that we are not slaves in Mitzrayim! Paraoh is not in charge of us!
When our Yetzer Hara tells us what to do, we can answer that we are not his slave! We only need to listen to Hashem.
See Der Rebbe Redt Tzu Kinder vol. 5, p. 271
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Let’s review some of the halachos of the Nine Days.
The Chachomim teach us that someone who mourns for Yerushalayim will be zoche to see it in its future joy!
During the beginning of the month of the Churban, in the days leading up to Tisha B’Av, we do certain things to show how sad we are that the Beis Hamikdash was destroyed and that we are in Golus.
Some of these things are that we don’t eat fleishigs, we don’t take baths or showers as usual, we don’t cut our hair, we don’t use fresh clothes or linens that were just washed, and we don’t do activities like swimming or boating.
However, the Churban of the Beis Hamikdash happened in order to lead up to the building of the Third Beis Hamikdash that will last forever. Especially as we get closer to the Geulah, we should look for ways to bring the Geulah more quickly with simcha, in a way that we ARE allowed according to Shulchan Aruch. We do this by adding in Torah learning and giving tzedakah, learning about the Beis Hamikdash, and making siyumim.
When Moshiach comes, these will be very HAPPY days — Yehafchu Yamim Eileh Lesason Ulesimcha!
We will learn later that some of these halachos are different on Erev Shabbos, and that on Shabbos itself, we don’t show signs of mourning. In fact, we should enjoy Shabbos with even more simcha than usual!
Here is a detailed guide with the halachos of the Nine Days by Rabbi Lesches from Melbourne, Australia, and the Halacha Day-to-Day guide by the Beis Din of Crown Heights
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לעילוי נשמת הרה״ח ר׳ דניאל יצחק ע״ה בן ר׳ אפרים שי׳ מאסקאוויץ
שליח כ"ק אדמו"ר נשיא דורנו למדינת אילינוי
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After the times of Shlomo Hamelech, the Yidden were split into two groups — one group followed the Malchei Yehudah, and the other followed the Malchei Yisrael. The Navi Yechezkel told the Yidden a nevuah that when Moshiach comes, the Yidden won’t be split anymore! They will all be one nation, with one king.
Hashem promises:
וְעַבְדִּי דָוִד מֶלֶךְ עֲלֵיהֶם וְרוֹעֶה אֶחָד יִהְיֶה לְכֻלָּם וּבְמִשְׁפָּטַי יֵלֵכוּ וְחֻקֹּתַי יִשְׁמְרוּ וְעָשׂוּ אוֹתָם
Ve’avdi Dovid Melech Aleihem — My servant, Dovid (Melech Hamoshiach, who comes from Dovid) will be a king over them
VeRo’eh Echad Yihiyeh Lechulam — And one “shepherd” will take care of them all. (A leader of the Yidden is like a shepherd, who watches and takes care of each of his sheep.)
U’veMishpatai Yeileichu — The Yidden will follow in the ways of My mishpatim (this is a type of mitzvah that we understand)
Ve’chukosai Yishmoru — And they will hold my Chukim in their hearts (this is a type of mitzvah we don’t understand)
Ve’asu Osam — And they will do all of these mitzvos.
See Yechezkel perek Lamed-Zayin posuk Chof-Daled
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לע"נ התינוק זאב ארי' ע"ה בן יבלט"א הרה"ח ר' שניאור זלמן שי' גליק
נפטר ב' מנחם אב ה'תשע"ג
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