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CHUMASH
Parshas Haazinu - Sheini with Rashi
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Moshe Rabbeinu is continuing to speak to the heavens and the earth. He wants them to remind the Yidden in the future about how Hashem has always taken care of the Yidden, so they will realize how foolish it is to not behave properly.
Yidden, remember this, it’s important for you:
When people made Hashem angry, what did He do?
Those people were punished, I’m sure you know
Since they didn’t follow the path they should go.
(Of course, very soon, in the Moshiach days
He’ll reward us with GOOD in so many ways!)
When the world was full of Resha’im, from far and wide
Hashem made a Mabul, and all of them died.
But when people worked together, all of them
To build a tall tower to fight with Hashem —
They were also Resha’im, they also deserved to die!
But Hashem didn’t do it — do you know why?
He let them live, because later WE came
All of the Yidden, from the family of Sheim.
Instead Hashem sent them to many destinations
Each with a new language, to be 70 nations!
(Like the 70 Yidden who later went down, you see
To Mitzrayim, until Hashem set us free.)
Just because Hashem loves us, he let them live
So later to us the Torah He’d give!
We come from Yaakov, from the Avos number three
Like a rope made of THREE strings, as strong as can be!
No other nations wanted the Torah, they were glad to forsake it
But even in a huge Midbar, we were happy to take it!
And there in the Midbar, we were safe indeed
Hashem took care of us and gave us all we need.
It was like a big eagle who flies through the sky
And keeps its family safe from everyone nearby.
It doesn’t scare its family, it warns them when it’s near
And carries them high on its back — they have nothing to fear.
Of course Hashem takes even BETTER care than them!
How lucky we are to be the nation of Hashem.
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Today’s Shiur Tehillim is kapitelach Yud-Ches until Chof-Beis. The three kapitelach we say until Yom Kippur are Tzadik-Daled, Tzadik-Hey, and Tzadik-Vov.
In Kapitel Yud-Tes, there is a posuk that talks about Torah: “Toras Hashem Temimah, Meshivas Nafesh.” “The Torah of Hashem is complete, it makes the neshama feel good.”
The Alter Rebbe uses this posuk to show why he was so happy to hear that the Chassidim learned the whole Shas (Mishnayos and Gemara) in many places over the year. When the Torah is complete, by finishing a part of Torah, it makes the Neshama happy!
Chassidim STILL have this minhag to learn the whole Shas over a year — it’s called Chalukas HaShas. Each chossid takes one Gemara to learn over the year, so that together, we finish learning the whole thing!
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TANYA
Igeres Hakodesh Siman Yud-Tes
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This letter wasn’t printed in the Tanya at first — it was added in later! It doesn’t have a Perek number itself, and we just count it as part of Igeres Yud-Tes which is before, since it is about the same thing.
In the last letter, we learned how Moshe Rabbeinu had his nevuah from the “back” (so to speak) of Hashem. The posuk says that he couldn’t see Hashem’s face. In this letter, we learn a mashal about this from the way a person thinks and speaks. Like the posuk says, “MiBesari Echezeh Elokah” — when I look at the way my guf works, I can understand Hashem.
Here is the mashal:
When a person talks, they are saying a lot of letters put together into words and then sentences and ideas. Where did those letters come from? They came from what the person was thinking. A person’s thought has the Pnimius and the Chitzonius, the “face” and the “back.”
Sometimes a person just thinks an idea, without words. That’s the pnimius of a person’s thought (Machshava ShebeMachshava).
Then there are times when a person thinks something with letters and words. That is the Chitzonius of a person’s thought (called Dibur ShebeMachshava).
When a person talks, they have to use words that they thought about before in the Chitzonius of their Machshavah. Even if you are thinking about something else and talking at the same time, you can only say things that you have thought about before with letters and words.
That is a mashal for what we learned about Moshe Rabbeinu: The nevuah that he told the Yidden came from the “back” of Hashem, not straight from Hashem’s pnimius. That’s like our talking — it can’t come straight from the Pnimius, it has to come first from the Chitzonius of the Machshavah that has letters and words.
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The Rebbe tells us special minhagim for a Shabbos which is Motzei Rosh Hashana and Shabbos Shuva.
Once, in a yechidus that the Tzemach Tzedek had with the Alter Rebbe, the Alter Rebbe told him a story that happened by his Rebbe — the Maggid of Mezritch.
It was parshas Ki Savo, before Rosh Hashana, and the Talmidim were sitting together. The Maggid said a maamar to them, explaining what Teshuvah is according to chassidus.
All of the Talmidim got very excited from the Torah which they heard. But one talmid, R’ Zushe Me’Anipoli, said that the kind of teshuva that the Maggid was talking about is too high of a madreiga for him right now. So he came up with a way to do Teshuvah that he felt he COULD do now.
R’ Zushe split up doing Teshuvah into five parts — and each part starts with one of the letters of the word “Teshuvah!” We will learn all of them IY”H in the next five days of the Aseres Yemei Teshuvah.
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(Mitzvas Asei #21) Today’s mitzvah is to have yirah for the place of the Beis Hamikdash — “Umikdashi Tira’u!”
There are certain things we do to show our yirah. For example, we don’t go onto the Har Habayis with our walking stick or our shoes, or use it as a shortcut. It is also the reason we are not allowed to sit in the Azarah.
This mitzvah is also for nowadays, when there is no Beis Hamikdash standing.
We also need to remember that our yirah is not of the building, but of Hashem Who told us to build it!
We learn this mitzvah from a posuk in Parshas Kedoshim: וּמִקְדָּשִׁי תִּירָאוּ
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RAMBAM
Hilchos Beis HaBechirah
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In today’s Rambam, we learn more about the place of the Beis Hamikdash:
Perek Hey: The Rambam teaches us about the Har Habayis, the Ezras Noshim, and the Ezras Yisroel.
Perek Vov: The Beis Hamikdash was on a mountain, and some parts of the Beis Hamikdash were higher up. We also learn how the Sanhedrin was able to expand the Kedusha of the Beis Hamikdash and of Yerushalayim to a place that didn’t have it before.
Perek Zayin: We learn about showing yirah to the Beis Hamikdash, which is today’s mitzvah. We also learn about the 10 levels of Kedusha in Eretz Yisroel — starting with the walled cities of Eretz Yisroel, and all the way up to the Kodesh HaKodoshim as the highest level.
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Today we learn more halachos about Yom Kippur, like not washing ourselves and not wearing leather shoes.
One halachas is that even kids shouldn’t wear leather shoes on Yom Kippur, even though they are allowed to eat and drink.
Mazel Tov! We have now finished learning this set of halachos!
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Tzom Gedaliah is one of the four times a year we fast because of the Beis Hamikdash being destroyed.
After the Churban, Nevuchadnetzar let a man named Gedaliah be the governor of the Jews in Mitzpah. He was a good ruler, and helped the Yidden start to farm the land so they would be able to live. He listened to the Navi Yirmiyahu and kept all of the mitzvos. Many Yidden who had run away came to Mitzpah, and it looked like the Yidden would slowly be able to grow again, and then hopefully come back to Yerushalayim!
But a man named Yishmael, who came from a family of Jewish kings, was jealous. He decided to kill Gedaliah. People tried to warn Gedaliah what Yishmael wanted to do, but he thought it was just Lashon Hara and he ignored the warning. On Rosh Hashana, Yishmael ben Netanya came and killed Gedaliah and many of the Yidden who were with him.
Now the Yidden who were left were very afraid! Nevuchadnetzar would be furious that his governor was killed! Now there was no chance of rebuilding the Jewish nation in Eretz Yisroel.
Even though Yirmiyahu warned them not to, the Yidden ran away to Mitzrayim. And just like he warned them, soon they were killed by the Egyptians.
We don’t fast on Rosh Hashana, so we fast the day after Rosh Hashana.
The Rebbe tells us that we have to learn from Tzom Gedaliah to have more Ahavas Yisroel. The other fasts are because of things the Goyim did, but this was from a Yid who was jealous! We need to make sure to have a lot of Ahavas Yisroel and be careful that if we are jealous, it only brings us to learn from the other person’s good things and try to be like him — not chas veshalom to hurt anyone in any way.
Here is a link to a halacha newsletter about Tzom Gedaliah.
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In Shmoneh Esrei during the Aseres Yemei Teshuvah, we add FIVE pieces:
1) Zachreinu
2) Mi Chamocha
3) Uchesov
4) Uvesefer
5) Oseh HA’shalom
We also make two changes:
1) Hamelech Hakadosh (instead of “HaKeil Hakadosh”)
2) Hamelech Hamishpot (instead of “Melech Ohev Tzedakah Umishpat”) during the week
We say the long Avinu Malkeinu after Shemoneh Esrei, except on Shabbos and in Mincha Erev Shabbos.
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Yidden have a minhag to give extra tzedakah on a fast day, like today. Some people have a minhag to give the amount of money they would have spent on food to tzedakah before Mincha. (This is in addition to adding in giving tzedakah because of the Aseres Yemei Teshuvah.)
The Rebbe encouraged us to also follow an old minhag to say “Divrei Kibushin” after Mincha on a fast day. Divrei Kibushin are words that inspire us to do teshuvah! Either someone can speak or farbreng about doing more and better in our Avodas Hashem, or we can say a Kapitel Tehillim about Teshuvah, or at least we should read or think about things that inspire us to come closer to Hashem.
See Halachos U’Minhagei Chabad, p. 35-36
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לעילוי נשמת הרה״ח ר׳ דניאל יצחק ע״ה בן ר׳ אפרים שי׳ מאסקאוויץ
שליח כ"ק אדמו"ר נשיא דורנו למדינת אילינוי
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In the Kitzur Shulchan Aruch, it brings the halacha that we don’t count people with numbers. Instead, to see if we have enough men for a minyan, we count by saying a posuk with 10 words, the posuk of “Hoshia Es Amecha.”
Why does the Kitzur choose this posuk? In a sefer about Halacha and Minhag from Rashi, called Sefer Hapardes, it says to count with the posuk “Va’ani Berov Chasdecha” which also has 10 words.
In fact, it would make more sense to count with the posuk “Va’ani Berov Chasdecha,” since that posuk speaks about coming to daven to Hashem!
The Rebbe explains that it is because as we get closer to Moshiach, the Golus gets darker. Whenever we have a chance, we remind ourselves that Hashem will save us and bring the Geulah — “Hoshia Es Amecha!”
See Vayakhel-Pekudei Mem-Gimmel, Migolah L’Geulah p. 87
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לע"נ התינוק זאב ארי' ע"ה בן יבלט"א הרה"ח ר' שניאור זלמן שי' גליק
נפטר ב' מנחם אב ה'תשע"ג
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